On 4 March 2007 Chris Green wrote in relation to Einstein’s 1905
photoelectric effect paper:
> The photoelectric effect paper, while a landmark, did not by itself 
>overturn a "paradigm." Indeed, it drew on Planck's earlier blackbody 
>raditation research.

While it is true that Planck's formula for black body radiation was the
first step on the road to quantum theory, Planck restricted its
application to the absorption and emission of radiation, while retaining
the view that electromagnetic radiation was, in line with Maxwell's
theory, a continuous wave in the ether. In other words, Planck was still
working within the context of classical physics. Einstein's revolutionary
leap was to propose that electromagnetic waves actually travelled in the
form of quanta, thereby opening the way for the development of quantum
theory (to which he continued to make significant contributions) in the
years immediately following 1905. The 1905 paper on the photoelectric
effect was the only one of the celebrated three that Einstein acknowledged
to be genuinely "revolutionary", and it was the one cited specifically
when he was awarded the Nobel Prize.

Allen Esterson
Former lecturer, Science Department
Southwark College, London
http://www.esterson.org/

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