:x is an :Eagle
:Eagle is a :Species
:Species is a owl:Class

clearly asserts that “:x is an instance of something that, in turn, is a 
species” as far as FOL interpretations are concerned. There is no inference to 
be made wrt x: itself.  :Eagle a owl:Class would be inferred though.

> that is an interesting example.....I would argue that there should be no 
> inference here! rdf:type is not transitive I assume....





Blending a domain model with the modelling language itself is indeed something 
to question (e.g. It may be correct but is it necessary? Does it cause anyone 
or any engine a problem?).  It may be it’s there to support query or some other 
not-100%-clear usage, so hard to be definitive.

> that is I think covering my example of adding properties to properties (other 
> example of than punning)



Of course all this is not intended to suggest that FOL does not solve real 
problems. It does, and so do more powerful logical systems.

And I do remember the discussions we had in which you propose to treat 
different levels of modelness in separate graphs. That would also be an 
instance of punning, but one in which one can systematically separate out the 
different meanings in contexts that are explicitly marked as different. Still a 
lot to process, but at least it becomes tractable what is what when.

> indeed: in my example: the world of property definition and the world of 
> property usage....

My general penchant is that SHACL offers a wealth of tactics to do metamodeling 
in a much more elegant way than with OWL (let alone punning). A good example 
was pointed out by Holger to me earlier today: dash:composite. I believe SHACL 
is seriously underused in tackling the hairier problems in information 
modelling on the semantic web.



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