I briefly setup postfix and dovecot, with some aspects of your
configuration, just to test the chroot theory.

I got the error:

2025-12-08T21:05:49.367670+00:00 n-postfix-dovecot postfix/lmtp[7904]:
4AFEACAE3: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=0.1,
delays=0.08/0.01/0.01/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (connect to
n-postfix-dovecot.lxd[/var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-lmtp]: No such
file or directory)


Here is the process tree. See the lmtp child process (7904):

   7551 ?        Ss     0:00 /usr/lib/postfix/sbin/master -w
   7552 ?        S      0:00  \_ pickup -l -t unix -u -c
   7553 ?        S      0:00  \_ qmgr -l -t unix -u
   7561 ?        S      0:00  \_ tlsmgr -l -t unix -u -c
   7901 ?        S      0:00  \_ cleanup -z -t unix -u -c
   7902 ?        S      0:00  \_ trivial-rewrite -n rewrite -t unix -u -c
   7903 ?        S      0:00  \_ local -t unix
   7904 ?        S      0:00  \_ lmtp -t unix -u -c -o 
lmtp_data_done_timeout=120
   7905 ?        S      0:00  \_ bounce -z -n defer -t unix -u -c


That process is chrooted:

root@n-postfix-dovecot:~# l /proc/7904/root
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Dec  8 21:05 /proc/7904/root -> /var/spool/postfix

cwd (current working directory) was also /var/spool/postfix:

lrwxrwxrwx   1 root    root     0 Dec  8 21:07 cwd -> /var/spool/postfix


I then changed the path in main.cf from 
"lmtp:unix:/var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-lmtp" to 
"lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp", and that made postfix connect to dovecot:

2025-12-08T21:07:38.722944+00:00 n-postfix-dovecot dovecot: lmtp(8286): Connect 
from local
2025-12-08T21:07:38.743305+00:00 n-postfix-dovecot postfix/lmtp[8285]: 
A7F0BCC44: to=<[email protected]>, 
relay=n-postfix-dovecot.lxd[private/dovecot-lmtp], delay=0.07, 
delays=0.02/0.01/0.02/0.02, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (host 
n-postfix-dovecot.lxd[private/dovecot-lmtp] said: 550 5.1.1 
<[email protected]> User doesn't exist: [email protected] 
(in reply to RCPT TO command))
2025-12-08T21:07:38.743454+00:00 n-postfix-dovecot dovecot: lmtp(8286): 
Disconnect from local: Logged out (state=READY)


That bounced, because I didn't fully configure this server, but shows that the 
connection is now made.

I think that is the problem you are having as well, with postfix
chrooted. So perhaps change the path like I did (sounds simpler), or
change postfix to not run chrooted (a bigger change perhaps).

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/2133880

Title:
  postfix 3.8.6 bug --> [/var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-lmtp]: No
  such file or directory)

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