Fran,
Yes, if a magnetic pulse is needed you are correct and cascading won't work.
Brian Ahern also tells me superheated water will not work for this, which
would mean that a molten salt would be needed instead. There could be other
advantages to a molten salt as well. I wonder if a magnetic pulse, or a
pulse wave is involved in the operation.
In trying to look at it from Rossi's POV, the "cascade" was the only
rationale which made logical sense to me - as to why he would go 100+
modular units.
Maybe there is another reason, or maybe he is not being as logical as I
presumed. Otherwise - what is being accomplished, other than pandering to
skeptics by making a chemical origin for the power seem less likely?
Jones
-----Original Message-----
From: Roarty, Francis X
Jones Beene wrote
> In so doing, only one cell in the entire array needs to be elaborately
controlled by electrical input - and the remaining 99 (if there are 100) are
cascaded off the hot water (superheated) output of the first cell, in
stages. Superheated water under pressure will allow temperature far in
excess of the usual boiling point (100°C) up to the
critical temperature (374°C).
Jones,
I disagree, I think the electrical control slaves the repetition
rate and duty factor from slipping into runaway or starvation. In addition
to the thermal "pulse" there is also the magnetic pulse associated with this
change in current through the heater which radiates out into the Ni powder
much faster than the thermal pulse. The "system" requires a pulse that
briefly exceeds this temperature threshold and a cooling system that draws
it back down under during the PWM dead time. I think this particular recipe
is normally a runaway reaction once initiated but by using a very small duty
factor and a monster cooling rate it becomes exploitable. Modifications to
the cooling system without something to initiate the reaction is impossible
- trying to balance the once initiated reaction with the cooling rate would
be almost impossible because you still need a PWM scheme relative to the
threshold to repeatedly take you into and out of reaction.
Regards
Fran
Subject: EXTERNAL: RE: [Vo]:Anticipating skeptical objections to a 1 MW
demonstration
He cannot safely "unplug" it, we are told.
However, one thing everyone seems to be overlooking in why Rossi is choosing
to construct a machine which has a large number of modular units - is that
it lends itself to the energy "cascade," with extremely high iterative gain.
A cascade will allow his COP to soar from 30:1 to 2500:1 with complete
control, and consequently there will be no doubt about the magnitude of
gain. Rossi seems to be reluctant to allow (unplugged) self-power, due to
the risk of a runaway - otherwise a smaller system could be used.
This analysis assumes that the major consideration which is needed for the
reaction to proceed is to maintain a narrow range of temperatures over a
threshold, but below a failsafe. In so doing, only one cell in the entire
array need to be elaborately controlled by electrical input - and the
remaining 99 (if there are 100) are cascaded off the hot water (superheated)
output of the first cell, in stages. Superheated water under pressure will
allow temperature far in excess of the usual boiling point (100°C) up to the
critical temperature (374°C).
So long as the threshold for the reaction is around ~350°C, which has been
reported - then this kind of staged cascade can work beautifully, because
the "return" of the hot water coming back into the system from the heat
exchanger (which serves as the load) can be easily be mixed into the
superheated water via a thermo-coupled proportioning valve (solenoid
controlled valve) arrangement. This is common is industrial processes.
Control is possible to one degree C. In effect no additional electrical
input is required past the first cell. Elegant.
Think about it this way. You have one key cell in the cascade - and it is
constructed with the same kind of elaborate PLC control as in the Bologna
demo, and superheated water from it then feeds two adjoining cells; and
those two feed the next four; then eight, 16, 32 and then the final 37 in
last series. All 99 have proportioning valves to control the input heat in a
narrow range.
None of the 99 subsequent cells in the cascade need to have any lossy
electrical input at all - except for the valve-control arrangement so that
temperature is a function of incoming hot water, mixed with the colder
return flow water. This is actually a lot simpler to do than it sounds.
All of the dependent stages essentially are heated by the preceding stage.
But the first cell is the only one that gets electrical power (~400 watts),
and the heat range for the others is controlled by the superheated water
from the previous stage, by admixing hot water from a return line.
Most of the output heat comes from only the last stage in the cascade, but
since there is little input the COP is essentially 1,000,000/400 = 2,500.
If it works out this way for a few hours, hopefully for a few days, it will
surely convince any skeptic. 2,500:1 is essentially infinite gain which is
tempered by the need to control against a runaway.
Jones
-----Original Message-----
From: Dennis
Unless he can "unplug it"... Most any system will tend to be messy at that
level for any system that runs for extended times (days??) to rule out
chemistry.
I think he would do better by just making something in the 1 to 10 KW
(thermal) range that ran for a week unplugged. If his claims are real, he
should have enough gain for that even at only 5% conversion rates.
