Axil, Excellent series of posts on Rydberg Matter. Very
informative. Thanks. I now have a better understanding.
My question centers on speculation about how Rossi might be
creating Rydberg matter of Cesium or Potassium as you speculate.
Tell me if my speculation makes sense.
In Rossi's earlier reactor design, I speculate he had a
cylindrical reactor with a wire in the middle which he subjects
to high voltage. The high voltage creates sparks. The high
voltage may have been applied at a specific frequency. I suspect
the high voltage applied at just the right frequency would create
tons of and tons of Rydberg matter via sparking. I am thinking
that if the frequency were too low, there would not be enough
Rydberg matter created. If the frequency were too high, it would
possibly create a too high localized temperature to "cook" and
melt the nickel powder rendering its nanostructures inert thereby
killing the LENR reactions. I'm thinking the trick is to find
out the right amount of sparking - enough to create tons of
Rydberg matter but not too much to melt the nickel
nanostructures. It would also be important to design the heat
and convective flow inside the reactor to properly distribute the
heat.
With this cylindrical setup, the nickel powder would be
"bunching" at the bottom of the cylindrical reactor. Applying
repeated sparking onto this pile would increase the chances of
melting the nickel nanostructure due to increased localized high
temperatures due to sparking. This would explain Rossi's
quiescence problem. He can only apply sparks for so long till
the Ni powders would melt.
To solve this quiescense problem, Rossi had to figure out how to
distribute the sparks over a wider area - basically he has to
spread the nickel powder. I believe this is what prompted Rossi
to design his "FAT Cat" design. If I remember correctly, his
home E-Cat was shaped like a laptop with the reactor itself being
only 20x20x1 cm in dimensions. This is essentially two metal
plates separated by a thin layer of pressurized hydrogen. The
nickel is spread out thinly over the surface of the plate. He
then subjects the plates to high voltage to create sparks. He
controls the amount of sparks by varying the frequency of the
high voltage. If he needs more reaction, he increases the
frequency of the sparks creating more Rydberg matter to catalyze
more reactions. If he lowers the amount of sparks, he lowers the
reaction rate. Spreading the Ni powder would also have the
effect of spreading the heat thereby minimizing the chances of
too high localized temperatures.
In DGT's design, they have cylindrical reactors machined from a
big block of steel. I believe they would then put a wire in the
middle just like Rossi's original design. (I believe that the
purpose of the "window" in DGT's test reactors is to observe the
sparks during testing.) DGT minimized the quiescene problem by
using Ni sparingly and spreading it out over a longer
cylindrical reactor. Rossi's cylindrical reactor was short and
fat, hence his Ni powder would be bunched up in the bottom.
DGT's cylindrical design was longer and thinner, thereby
spreading the Ni powder, minimizing quiescense as they claimed.
To me this appears to be evident. I believe part of the
electronics in Rossi's blue control box is electronics for
controlling the sparking rate, which he calls "RF".
So basically, I think you may be right about Rydberg matter. I
think the strategy is to design a reactor that would subject
the Ni and catalyst mix to sparks promoting the creation of
Rydberg matter. Then make sure that there is sufficient
turbulence inside the rreactor to agitate and blow the powder all
over thereby minimizing the chances of "cooking" the powder while
simultaneously increasing the chances of a chance encounter
between the Rydberg matter catalyst and the Ni nuclei.
So, essentially, I think the secret is sparks with lots of
turbulent mixing. I have designed a new reactor setup to try out
these ideas. I will have a horizontal cylindrical reactor with a
"stripped" spark plug electrode as the high voltage source. I
will then drive this spark plug with an Ignition coil actuated by
a Power MOSFET driven by the PWM output of my MF-28 data
acquisition module. I will program the sparking frequency by
controlling the rate of PWM output. (Later on, I will program a
feedback mechanism to lower the sparking rate if the temperature
gets too high.) The trick would then be to find the right amount
of sparking for the highest amount of heat production. To
increase chances of success, I will be including all elements
suggested as catalyst - ie iron, carbon, copper, tungsten,
sodium, potassium and cesium, although cesium might be harder to
acquire.
What do you think of my plan?
Once again, thanks for sharing your theoretical understanding so
that we engineers can build and do the experiments.
Jojo
----- Original Message -----
*From:* Axil Axil <mailto:janap...@gmail.com>
*To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com <mailto:vortex-l@eskimo.com>
*Sent:* Wednesday, March 21, 2012 4:31 AM
*Subject:* Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol
Hi Bob,
Much thanks for your interest in this post.
In order to answer your question properly, it’s going to take
some time… so be patient.
I will respond in a series of posts.
Post #1
Bob Higgins asked: “ Rydberg hydrogen has a very loosely
bound electron”.
Axil answers:
Besides hydrogen, many other elements and even various
chemical compounds can take the form of Rydberg matter.
For example in the Rossi reactor, I now suspect that the
‘secret sauce’ that Rossi tells us catalyzes his reaction is
cesium in the form of Rydberg matter. I say this because of
the 400C internal operating temperature range that Rossi says
his reactor operates at.
If this internal operating temperature is actually 500C, then
the reactor may be hot enough for his secret sauce to be
potassium based Rydberg matter.
Bob Higgins asked: “With such large orbitals as Rydberg
electrons occupy, how can such a phenomenon be considered
inside a nickel lattice?”
Axil answers:
This Rydberg matter never gets inside the lattice of the
micro powder. This complex crystal can grow very large (1).
It sits on the surface of the pile of micro-powder where
under the influence of its strong dipole moment, coherent
electrostatic radiation of just the right frequency lowers
the coulomb barrier of the nickel nuclei.
Because this is an electrostatically mediated reaction, only
the surface of the nickel micro-grain is affected. The
electromagnetic field cannot penetrate inside the nickel grain.
But this field does penetrate deeply in and among the various
grains of the pile of powder to generate a maximized reaction
with every grain contributing.
The electrostatic radiation of this dipole moment catalyzes
the fusion reaction. In detail, this strong dipole moment
lowers this coulomb barrier of the nuclei of the nickel just
enough to allow a entangled proton cooper pair to tunnel
inside the nickel nucleus, but not enough to allow the nickel
atoms of the lattice to fuse.
Micro powder allows for a large surface area relative to the
total volume of nickel. More surface area allows for more
cold fusion reaction. This is why the use of micro powder is
a breakthrough in cold fusion technology.
On page 7 of the reference, this aspect of the experiment is
revealing:
“In order to complete the story of transformation, we should
consider this problem: where does the transformation take
place, either throughout the whole space of the explosion
chamber or only in the plasma channel? To answer this
question, we carried out experiments with uranium salts
(uranyl sulfate, UO2SO4) [3].”
The answer that they found was as follows: throughout the
whole space of the explosion chamber.
This is to be expected because the coherent dipole moment of
Rydberg matter is extremely strong and long ranged. It is
like an electromagnetic laser beam that can exert its
influence over a distance of centimeters.
(1) LeClair said he saw the size of one of his crystals as
large as a few centimeters.
On Tue, Mar 20, 2012 at 9:56 AM, Bob Higgins
<rj.bob.higg...@gmail.com <mailto:rj.bob.higg...@gmail.com>>
wrote:
Nice posts on the Rydberg effects, Axil. I like reading
them. Please continue posting them. But, I am
confused. Could you can help me understand these questions:
Rydberg hydrogen has a very loosely bound electron. How
would these Rydberg electrons survive high temperature
phonon collisions without the atom becoming ionized and
as a result breaking up the condensate?
With such large orbitals as Rydberg electrons occupy,
how can such a phenomenon be considered inside a nickel
lattice? The electron orbitals would extend greater than
the nickel lattice spacing. Other condensates are
possible, but why would you think these are Rydberg?
While we know that the LENR appears to happen at the
surface, and it also appears to require support from
within the lattice (loading) - so it sounds like some
kind of condensate effect is needed within the lattice.
In the NanoSpire case, it is not clear how the H-O-H-O-
crystals that form are Rydberg. What evidence supports
this? They may be some kind of condensate, but not
necessarily Rydberg.
The large dipole moments you describe would certainly
make it easy for the Rydberg atoms to couple to other
atoms electronically and form a condensate from that
coupling. However, I don't see how that strong dipole
provides support for the charge evidence that you
described from NanoSpire. Can you explain that a little
more?
*On Sun, Mar 18, 2012 at 11:03 PM, Axil Axil
<janap...@gmail.com <mailto:janap...@gmail.com>> wrote:*
Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol
This post is third in the series on Rydberg
matter which includes as follows:
Cold Fusion Magic Dust
Rydberg matter and cavitation
