Axil, these are interesting posts that will stir our
imagination. However, some of what you said doesn't ring true and some
of it I just don't understand.
You said:
Rossi’s previous work experience includes the development
of prototype thermionic converter, so he should know all about Rydberg
matter.
I haven't seen this anywhere. I know that Rossi and Leonardo
Corp worked on TE (Thermoelectric, not Thermionic) conversion for
the US Military, but that was solid state Peltier effect devices. I
worked for many years with Peltier devices and never once heard mention
of Rydberg effects, because they are not involved in such devices. I
don't think Rossi has any past experience with Rydberg matter and I
have not seen where he mentioned this in association with his eCat
technology. I think it is only your speculation that Rydberg matter is
involved in his process.
You said:
IMHO, both Rossi and DGT use pulsed application of heat as
a way to control the proper hydrogen envelope temperature profile; that
is to make sure that a cold zone is properly maintained.
Well, IMHO, Rossi and DGT both use resistive heaters incapable
of providing "pulsed heat" due to the thermal mass. In fact, the high
pressure H2 has tremendous heat capacity and will also make it hard
to create thermal pulsing by any means. I don't believe short
time-scale thermal pulses are being created as a stimulus.
Early Rossi devices did not use his "frequencies" generator.
That appeared to be an addition to help stimulate the reaction at a
lower H2 pressure where the reaction had less tendency to run out of
control. It is known that the reaction rate increases with temperature
and with H2 pressure. The early eCat reactors were water cooled and
used a stainless steel cell. The thermal resistance in the stainless
shell allowed the temperature of the reactant/H2 to be at 400-600C
while the water was only at 100C; however, it also meant that the
ability to extract heat was limited by the same thermal resistance.
Above a critical heat generation inside the cell, the water cooling
could no longer pull out enough heat through the thermal resistance of
the poorly conducting stainless to keep the temperature of the reactant
from rising. This was the thermal runaway. This caused Rossi to
operate at lower H2 pressures to keep the maximum heat generation below
what he could pull out through the stainless thermal resistance,
allowing him to control the temperature from going so high as to melt
the nickel and eliminate the surface properties that stimulate the
reaction. Unfortunately, operation on this threshold of LENR was
tenuous when just based on keeping it at the right temperature. The
reaction is somewhat chaotic (like noise) and it can quickly fall below
the operational threshold when operated so close to threshold.
Interestingly, DGT operates at noticeably higher H2 pressure,
that in Rossi's case would cause a thermal runaway. DGT has found a
means to rapidly "quench" the reaction (stop it) so that they can
control the heat output. They can turn the quench on and off and get
reaction pulses - as many as they like to get the heat output they
want. I have some ideas on how they do the quenching - and it is not
thermal.
The Rydberg matter seems to be going in the wrong direction.
Normal ground state atoms have a smaller mean orbital radius. Outside
of this radius the atom appears net neutral. If you get inside of this
radius, there is a strong electric field. To get fusion to occur, the
nuclei must be much much closer than the the radius of the the ground
state hydrogen orbital. The + nuclear charge is only screened as long
as you are outside the orbital. In Rydberg atoms, the orbital is
HUGE. This allows them to easily couple and form condensates.
However, it also means that the nuclei cannot get as close to another
nucleus as a ground state atom because the orbital is bigger. The
instant you are inside the orbital you have the nuclear repulsion.
>From this perspective, Fran's Inverse Rydberg state (orbital smaller
than ground state) makes more sense - it would allow the nuclei to
become closer before the orbital is crossed exposing the repulsive
electrostatic forces. I think the Inverse Rydberg "matter" would be
natually less likely to form a condensate than a ground state atom due
to the shrunken orbital which I think decreases the coupling
coefficient. The Inverse Rydberg state would seem to fit better into a
theory of the solid state effects inside the lattice of nickel or
palladium and is going in the right direction to explain proton
insertion into another nucleus.
Rossi stated that his fuel is a Ni powder with MICRON
dimensions - not nano. To that he adds a secret sauce, likely to be a
nanopowder. This added nanopowder combined on the 1000x larger surface
of the Ni powder may form islands of atoms that could each form a
Rydberg like condensate on the top of the Ni. This in turn could
stimulate the catalysis of H2 into H and funnel it into the Ni
lattice. However, I don't believe the Rydberg formation is known to be
the cause of the catalysis, but that would be an interesting
examination.
You said:
A Rydberg condensate can be engineered to vary in potency
from very weak to extremely strong.
Rossi has set the strength of his Rydberg matter to match
the fusion of proton cooper pairs with nickel nuclei.
On the other hand, the Rydberg matter in the LeClair
reactor is extremely powerful.
I don't know what any of that means. The "dipole" of the
Rydberg is just a measure of its electron orbital radius and
essentially its ability to couple to other atoms by wrapping around
them. The electron is very weakly bound and is moving relatively
slowly. There is no "power" associated with it or a condensate of
these atoms. There is no net charge exposure because such would mean
it is an ion, not a Rydberg atom. There is no observable oscillation
of charge, because that would cause EM radiation that would quickly
cause the electron to drop to a lower energy state.
What does "strength" of Rydberg matter, and "match the fusion
of proton cooper pairs" mean? These don't make sense. While it may be
possible that there is Cooper-pair like coupling of protons, no one has
yet explained how, if this occurred, that the LENR transmutations are
enabled. Twice the mass and twice the charge doesn't necessarily help.
In the case of the LeClair reactor, the crystalline formation
at extremely high pressure & mass density is interesting and it is
at such tremendous pressure that, there is a large potential energy in
its release. In the cavitation, plasmas are formed, and it would
certainly be possible to find an intermediate form of matter (Rydberg)
between the plasma state and the ground state for the atoms. It is not
clear at all how this is complicit in LENR. I have not heard a
plausible speculation of how Rydberg is complicit in the act of
insertion of protons into another nucleus.
So, even if there is a Rydberg condensate, how do you
eliminate the "magic happens here" moment that causes the proton
insertion into another nucleus? [BTW, I do believe that they are being
inserted in some manner, but not necessarily as a Rydberg effect.]
