Perhaps the protons can form cooper pairs which are not affected by the coulomb barrier.
-Mark From: Axil Axil [mailto:[email protected]] Sent: Thursday, March 22, 2012 8:31 PM To: [email protected] Subject: Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol I have a feeling 'Reliable' that know the ANSWER and have not told us because you are either a masochist taking pleasure in watching us struggle to get the ANSWER or you are constrained by a non-disclosure agreement by somebody. So this is my take on what you are getting at. The act of hydrides forms Rydberg crystals all the time. Rossi has come up with a way to produce large numbers of these crystals by using a catalytic process that centers on using his secret sauce. This catalyzer produces Rydberg crystals that in turn generate hydrogen based Rydberg matter through a strong coupling as suggested by Bob Higgins. Being a condensate, these coherent molecules of Rydberg matter each acts as a single super-atom since all the member atoms that comprise this Rydberg matter are entangled and coherent, But these atoms all have their full complement of orbiting electrons in tack because the crystal is not ionized. Being a super atom, once sufficient energy is applied to it, it will go through a collective quantum jump and become an ion. Like any ion many of the electrons will leave and what remains is a coherent rich proton based condensate. This condensate acts as a super proton having a tremendous positive charge. The trick is to ionize the Rydberg crystal after it is formed by adding additional energy. This can be done by applying a pulse of energy that may include an infrared wave packet or RFG or laser pulse. When the high temperature Rydberg crystal becomes an ion, this is when the coulomb barrier weakens and cold fusion occurs in matter in close proximity to this ion. I now know why the hydrated powders of Mills and Arata require a energy spike to ignite heat production. This energy spike, say a laser blast, will turn sleeping Rydberg crystals near the spike into Rydberg ions. The heat from the localized ignition location will cause more Rydberg ions to form. Before you know it, the entire volume of the powder is consumed with heat and transmutation as a result. This ionization of Rydberg matter is how a Rossi type Reactor becomes supercritical. Increased heat begets more Rydberg ionization which produces more heat in a runaway explosion. Rossi and DGT must keep their reactors in the proper temperature range in order to control Rydberg ionization. LeClair on the other hand has little control of the ionization process and his Rydberg ions run amok. All his Rydberg crystals are born ionized and they do great damage to the reactor and produce intense gamma radiation. On Thu, Mar 22, 2012 at 6:52 PM, [email protected] <[email protected]> wrote: Here I go again: Hydride ion anyone? Oscillate or I will kick you with a spark, infrared wave packet or RFG. NS<=>SN Nude, without clothes, look see: http://chan.host-ed.me/ Warm Regards, Reliable Axil Axil wrote: Post 8 Bob Higgins stated: The Rydberg matter seems to be going in the wrong direction. Normal ground state atoms have a smaller mean orbital radius. Outside of this radius the atom appears net neutral. If you get inside of this radius, there is a strong electric field. To get fusion to occur, the nuclei must be much much closer than the the radius of the the ground state hydrogen orbital. The + nuclear charge is only screened as long as you are outside the orbital. In Rydberg atoms, the orbital is HUGE. This allows them to easily couple and form condensates. However, it also means that the nuclei cannot get as close to another nucleus as a ground state atom because the orbital is bigger. The instant you are inside the orbital you have the nuclear repulsion. From this perspective, Fran's Inverse Rydberg state (orbital smaller than ground state) makes more sense - it would allow the nuclei to become closer before the orbital is crossed exposing the repulsive electrostatic forces. I think the Inverse Rydberg "matter" would be natually less likely to form a condensate than a ground state atom due to the shrunken orbital which I think decreases the coupling coefficient. The Inverse Rydberg state would seem to fit better into a theory of the solid state effects inside the lattice of nickel or palladium and is going in the right direction to explain proton insertion into another nucleus. . . . In the case of the LeClair reactor, the crystalline formation at extremely high pressure & mass density is interesting and it is at such tremendous pressure that, there is a large potential energy in its release. In the cavitation, plasmas are formed, and it would certainly be possible to find an intermediate form of matter (Rydberg) between the plasma state and the ground state for the atoms. It is not clear at all how this is complicit in LENR. I have not heard a plausible speculation of how Rydberg is complicit in the act of insertion of protons into another nucleus. So, even if there is a Rydberg condensate, how do you eliminate the "magic happens here" moment that causes the proton insertion into another nucleus? [BTW, I do believe that they are being inserted in some manner, but not necessarily as a Rydberg effect.] Axil answers: In your post, there is truth in what you say. I might need the throw out dipole radiation as the ultimate mechanism of the Rossi reaction into my brimming dustbin of failed ideas. I don't believe that LeClair is mad or brain damaged due to radiation sickness. And the crystals that he has researched and describes are Rydberg and not polywater. We know hardly anything about how these Rydberg high temperature crystals actually are constructed and function in nature. LeClair should be a good source for insight into Rydberg crystals. I tend to believe LeClair because there are half dozen similar experiments that support LeClair's assertions with this monopole experiment being only the first I have mentioned. I intend to post on each of these experiments as time goes on. LeClair has observed an intense positive electrostatic charge at the head of his crystal. What is the cause of this effect? Where did all the electrons go? Could this crystal be ionized and exist as a form of a molecular ion where most of the electrons have exited or repositioned to the rear of the crystal. Could it be analogous to an electrostatic bar magnet? If this positive charge is big enough, then the probability of a correspondingly high coulomb barrier disruptive effect on nearby matter is also high. I am amazed at how big these crystals are. They are macroscopic in extent. The must contain a huge number of atoms. How could a tiny cavitation bubble generate such a large crystal? The questions come a lot faster than the answers. I don't believe LeClair's claim that fusion is only the result of the collision of the crystals with aluminum because of the claimed abundance of diamond as a fusion product. He must be fusing hydrogen to helium then to carbon. Regards: axil On Wed, Mar 21, 2012 at 11:51 AM, Bob Higgins <[email protected]> wrote: Axil, these are interesting posts that will stir our imagination. However, some of what you said doesn't ring true and some of it I just don't understand. You said: Rossi's previous work experience includes the development of prototype thermionic converter, so he should know all about Rydberg matter. I haven't seen this anywhere. I know that Rossi and Leonardo Corp worked on TE (Thermoelectric, not Thermionic) conversion for the US Military, but that was solid state Peltier effect devices. I worked for many years with Peltier devices and never once heard mention of Rydberg effects, because they are not involved in such devices. I don't think Rossi has any past experience with Rydberg matter and I have not seen where he mentioned this in association with his eCat technology. I think it is only your speculation that Rydberg matter is involved in his process. You said: IMHO, both Rossi and DGT use pulsed application of heat as a way to control the proper hydrogen envelope temperature profile; that is to make sure that a cold zone is properly maintained. Well, IMHO, Rossi and DGT both use resistive heaters incapable of providing "pulsed heat" due to the thermal mass. In fact, the high pressure H2 has tremendous heat capacity and will also make it hard to create thermal pulsing by any means. I don't believe short time-scale thermal pulses are being created as a stimulus. Early Rossi devices did not use his "frequencies" generator. That appeared to be an addition to help stimulate the reaction at a lower H2 pressure where the reaction had less tendency to run out of control. It is known that the reaction rate increases with temperature and with H2 pressure. The early eCat reactors were water cooled and used a stainless steel cell. The thermal resistance in the stainless shell allowed the temperature of the reactant/H2 to be at 400-600C while the water was only at 100C; however, it also meant that the ability to extract heat was limited by the same thermal resistance. Above a critical heat generation inside the cell, the water cooling could no longer pull out enough heat through the thermal resistance of the poorly conducting stainless to keep the temperature of the reactant from rising. This was the thermal runaway. This caused Rossi to operate at lower H2 pressures to keep the maximum heat generation below what he could pull out through the stainless thermal resistance, allowing him to control the temperature from going so high as to melt the nickel and eliminate the surface properties that stimulate the reaction. Unfortunately, operation on this threshold of LENR was tenuous when just based on keeping it at the right temperature. The reaction is somewhat chaotic (like noise) and it can quickly fall below the operational threshold when operated so close to threshold. Interestingly, DGT operates at noticeably higher H2 pressure, that in Rossi's case would cause a thermal runaway. DGT has found a means to rapidly "quench" the reaction (stop it) so that they can control the heat output. They can turn the quench on and off and get reaction pulses - as many as they like to get the heat output they want. I have some ideas on how they do the quenching - and it is not thermal. The Rydberg matter seems to be going in the wrong direction. Normal ground state atoms have a smaller mean orbital radius. Outside of this radius the atom appears net neutral. If you get inside of this radius, there is a strong electric field. To get fusion to occur, the nuclei must be much much closer than the the radius of the the ground state hydrogen orbital. The + nuclear charge is only screened as long as you are outside the orbital. In Rydberg atoms, the orbital is HUGE. This allows them to easily couple and form condensates. However, it also means that the nuclei cannot get as close to another nucleus as a ground state atom because the orbital is bigger. The instant you are inside the orbital you have the nuclear repulsion. From this perspective, Fran's Inverse Rydberg state (orbital smaller than ground state) makes more sense - it would allow the nuclei to become closer before the orbital is crossed exposing the repulsive electrostatic forces. I think the Inverse Rydberg "matter" would be natually less likely to form a condensate than a ground state atom due to the shrunken orbital which I think decreases the coupling coefficient. The Inverse Rydberg state would seem to fit better into a theory of the solid state effects inside the lattice of nickel or palladium and is going in the right direction to explain proton insertion into another nucleus. Rossi stated that his fuel is a Ni powder with MICRON dimensions - not nano. To that he adds a secret sauce, likely to be a nanopowder. This added nanopowder combined on the 1000x larger surface of the Ni powder may form islands of atoms that could each form a Rydberg like condensate on the top of the Ni. This in turn could stimulate the catalysis of H2 into H and funnel it into the Ni lattice. However, I don't believe the Rydberg formation is known to be the cause of the catalysis, but that would be an interesting examination. You said: A Rydberg condensate can be engineered to vary in potency from very weak to extremely strong. Rossi has set the strength of his Rydberg matter to match the fusion of proton cooper pairs with nickel nuclei. On the other hand, the Rydberg matter in the LeClair reactor is extremely powerful. I don't know what any of that means. The "dipole" of the Rydberg is just a measure of its electron orbital radius and essentially its ability to couple to other atoms by wrapping around them. The electron is very weakly bound and is moving relatively slowly. There is no "power" associated with it or a condensate of these atoms. There is no net charge exposure because such would mean it is an ion, not a Rydberg atom. There is no observable oscillation of charge, because that would cause EM radiation that would quickly cause the electron to drop to a lower energy state. What does "strength" of Rydberg matter, and "match the fusion of proton cooper pairs" mean? These don't make sense. While it may be possible that there is Cooper-pair like coupling of protons, no one has yet explained how, if this occurred, that the LENR transmutations are enabled. Twice the mass and twice the charge doesn't necessarily help. In the case of the LeClair reactor, the crystalline formation at extremely high pressure & mass density is interesting and it is at such tremendous pressure that, there is a large potential energy in its release. In the cavitation, plasmas are formed, and it would certainly be possible to find an intermediate form of matter (Rydberg) between the plasma state and the ground state for the atoms. It is not clear at all how this is complicit in LENR. I have not heard a plausible speculation of how Rydberg is complicit in the act of insertion of protons into another nucleus. So, even if there is a Rydberg condensate, how do you eliminate the "magic happens here" moment that causes the proton insertion into another nucleus? [BTW, I do believe that they are being inserted in some manner, but not necessarily as a Rydberg effect.]
