Jones,
I am reading your discussion of the Curie point of the alloy and have a question for you. Is it safe to assume that each individual atom continues to exhibit its local magnetic effects? If so, the Curie point must be a result of geometrical considerations for the entire sample. I can see how your description of superparamagnetism can get complicated. This post and others imply that there likely are a wealth of discoveries lurking within the realm of nano sized particles. Dave -----Original Message----- From: Jones Beene <[email protected]> To: vortex-l <[email protected]> Sent: Fri, Oct 26, 2012 12:35 pm Subject: RE: [Vo]:Hybrid Ni-H reproduction buried in the link forwarded by Alan >This is fully consistentwith an emerging nanomagnetism theory. It is also related to the“Reiter effect” with nickel-manganese or cobalt hydriding reactions. I have a strong suspicionthat the key to the thermal anomaly in many experiments involving nickel andeven palladium involves “superparamagnetism”, which is a form of magnetismfound only in nanoparticles or thin-films which are ~10 nanometer thickness. How superparamagnetism translatesinto thermal gain is relatively easy to imagine – and a way to maximize it isalso apparent. In sufficiently small nanoparticles, ferromagnetic orferrimagnetic magnetization can randomly flip direction under the influence oftemperature. The typical time between two flips is called the Néel relaxation time(typically below 1 nano-sec). The result would be the same kind of inductiveheating which is seen electromagnet cores, except on steroids, so to speak, dueto the extreme spin flipping. QM nuclear effects are expected to occur at thesame time – but to be hundreds of time lower than the heat anomaly. These alloys often containnickel or cobalt. However, palladium easily forms superparamagnetic alloys– fora reason not yet known. When palladium and deuterium are involved – the thermalanomaly due to superparamagnetism can be masked by an eventual QM fusionreaction. The expected helium yield is expected to be a small fraction of thenet heat derived from magnetic spin-flipping and in any event to be less thanwith protium. A problem with thishypothesis is the high temps seen > 400C which are often around or over theCurie point of the alloy. Of course, that could be a vital part of the puzzle,in that this is often a “trigger temperature” when exotherm is seen. The largerproblem is “where does anomalous heat come from?” Jones<
