Understanding the word "spontaneous" is essential. This means that a
material, to which no energy is applied, suddenly decides to get hot
on one side while getting cold on the other. This would be an example
of a spontaneous concentration of energy. This simply does not
happen. Of course, if energy is applied, this energy will be
concentrated at the entry point and will try to distribute itself
uniformly in the material. In the process, local reactions can take
place that can use or produce energy. However, this is not a
spontaneous process.
The question with cold fusion is whether energy can spontaneously
concentrate in a region to a high enough level to initiate a nuclear
reaction. Or, for example, can enough energy concentrate in an
electron to allow a neutron to form if the energetic election met a
proton? Experience and the Second Law of Thermodynamics say that such
a process is impossible. Of course, if enough laser energy is
applied, anything might happen. However this level of energy is not
applied in most experiments that produce LENR.
I hope this issue is now clearer, James.
Ed Storms
On May 17, 2013, at 10:23 AM, James Bowery wrote:
This may be a naive question, but does not stimulated emission
"concentrate" energy in some sense? A material that is pumped to a
higher electron orbital has that energy spatially distributed and
stimulated emission causes it to "concentrate" in some sense. Have
there been any successful models of the entropy of stimulated
emission, or is that a meaningless concept?
On Wed, May 15, 2013 at 9:57 PM, Edmund Storms
<[email protected]> wrote:
You say this with certainty. Consequently, I assume you do not
believe the Second Law of Thermodynamics. This law says that all
energy goes from a higher to a lower level. You propose the
reverse. If this were true, the nano-particles would suddenly get
hot for no apparent reason, which would be easy to detect. I know of
no evidence to show that energy is spontaneously concentrated in
nano-particles. Do you have such evidence? Please do not use the
laser studies because this is not a spontaneous effect. The effect
results from energy being applied from a high level outside of the
system.
Ed Storms
On May 15, 2013, at 8:39 PM, Axil Axil wrote:
1. Can energy be concentrated within a material by a spontaneous
process?
A nano-particle(s) can concentrate EMF power to a level of tens of
terawatts/cm2. This concentration is long lasting, that is, not
pulsed.
That is close to what the National ignition facility can do.
On Wed, May 15, 2013 at 10:32 PM, Eric Walker
<[email protected]> wrote:
Hi Ed,
On Wed, May 15, 2013 at 7:26 PM, Edmund Storms
<[email protected]> wrote:
1. Can energy be concentrated within a material by a spontaneous
process?
2. Can this local energy initiate a nuclear reaction?
3. Can application of energy from any outside source trigger LENR?
4. Does radiation emitted from the nuclear process fuel additional
nuclear reactions?
5. Does energetic helium (alpha) result from LENR?
I have no issue with item (1). I'm just starting to pay more
attention to the question of x-rays, that's all. Unless we're
talking about very strong x-rays, I don't think we can conclude
much if anything their presence or absence, and particularly in
connection with excess heat, without putting some kind of x-ray
sensitive film in the system (like they did at BARC).
Apart from the small side detail concerning x-rays, I am not
disputing your analysis of the likelihood of accelerating electrons
to the point of triggering a new kind of electron capture.
Eric
