On May 30, 2013, at 11:39 PM, Harry Veeder wrote:
On Thu, May 30, 2013 at 11:00 AM, Edmund Storms
<[email protected]> wrote:
Harry, imagine balls held in line by springs. If the end ball is
pull away with a force and let go, a resonance wave will pass down
the line. Each ball will alternately move away and then toward its
neighbor. If outside energy is supplied, this resonance will
continue. If not, it will damp out. At this stage, this is a purely
mechanical action that is well understood.
In the case of the Hydroton, the outside energy is temperature. The
temperature creates random vibration of atoms, which is focused
along the length of the molecule. Again, this is normal and well
understood behavior.
The strange behavior starts once the nuclei can get within a
critical distance of each other as a result of the resonance. This
distance is less than is possible in any other material because of
the high concentration of negative charge that can exist in this
structure and environment. The barrier is not eliminated. It is only
reduced enough to allow the distance to become small enough so that
the two nuclei can "see" and respond. The response is to emit a
photon from each nuclei because this process lowers the energy of
the system.
Ed,
With each cycle energy of the system is only lowered if the energy
of the emitted photon is greater than the work done by the "random
vibration of atoms" on the system.
NO Harry! There is no work done by the random vibrations. These are
the result of normal temperature. The photon is emitted from the
nucleus and carries with it the excess mass-energy of the nucleus.
The change is analogous to an exothermic chemical reaction which
requires some activation energy to initiate but the reaction
products are in a lower energy state. Because of the shape of the
coulomb "hill" the hill can only be climbed if the energy emitted
increases with each cycle.
No! The hill height is reduced by an intervening negative charge. As a
result, the hill height is reduced so that it can be surmounted by the
vibrations occuring in the Hydroton. Normally, the hill is too high
for such small vibrations to have any effect. The hill is reduced in
height as a result of the Hydroton forming. As a result, it is the
unique condition required to make CF work. All the theories use
something similar, but without a clear description.
This is like a ball rolling between two hills. It rolls down the side
of one hill, through the valley and up the other side. In the process,
it picks up a little energy from the surroundings (temperature in this
case) to reach the top, where it throws a switch and turns on a light
for a brief time. Immediately, it starts to roll back down and returns
to the first hill where it again reaches the top and turns on a light
for a brief time. This back and forth continues until the battery
powering the light is exhausted and the hills disappear. The light
has no relationship to the motion of the ball. The ball only throws
the switch.
The Hydroton allows the Coulomb barrier to be reduced enough for the
nuclei to respond and emit excess energy. Because the resonance
immediately increases the distance, the ability or need to lose
energy is lost before all the extra energy can be emitted. If the
distance did not increased, hot fusion would result. The distance is
again reduced, and another small burst of energy is emitted. This
process continues until ALL energy is emitted and the intervening
electron is sucked into the final product.
In your model, the coulomb barrier appears to be like a hill in a
uniform gravitational field.
Yes, see above
It is possible to climb such a barrier in steps by emitting the same
amount of energy with each cycle, but this barrier does not
correspond with the actual barrier that exists between protons.
Climbing a genuine coulomb barrier requires more energy with each
cycle, so that requires more energy be emitted with each cycle. The
extra energy emitted heats the lattice even more and produces more
powerful vibrations of the lattice which can push the protons even
closer together.
No, the Coulomb barrier is slowly reduced in height as mass-energy is
lost, thereby allowing the nuclei to get closer each time the cycle
repeats. Finally, the Coulomb barrier disappears and the two nuclei
fuse, but very little excess mass-energy is present when this happens.
Consequently, when the electron is absorbed, the resulting neutrino
has very little energy to carry away.
I might add, all theories require a similar process. All theories
require a group of hydron be assembled, which requires emission of
Gibbs energy. Once assembled, the fusion process must take place in
stages to avoid the hot fusion result, as happens when the nuclei
get close using a muon and without the ability to limit the process.
Unfortunately, the other theories ignore these requirements.
The proton has nothing to do with the work done at each step. This
work comes from the temperature. The photon results because the
assembly has too much mass-energy for the distance between the
nuclei. If the nuclei touched, the assembly would have 24 MeV of
excess mass-energy if they were deuterons. If they are close but
not touching, the stable mass-energy would be less. At a critical
distance short of actually touching, the nuclei can "know" that they
have too much mass energy. How they know this is the magic that CF
has revealed.
Here is the magic: they share an electron and it is through this
"common ground" that they know. If they don't share an electron they
won't give up any excess mass-energy until they are touching at
which point they give it up all at once which is what happens in hot
fusion.
Yes, good summary.
Ed Storms
Harry
