I wanted to ask for help on two questions, one on inflation and the
other on productivity.
As to the inflation question, a while back business week had a special
article on fees. The article argued that many businesses unable to
raise prices are adding fees, like banks for example. My question
Hart-Landsberg wrote:
I wanted to ask for help on two questions, one on inflation and the
other on productivity.
As to the inflation question, a while back business week had a special
article on fees. The article argued that many businesses unable to
raise prices are adding fees, like banks
The destruction of social security (via robbing peter
to pay paul the war-monger) should finance the war for
the ruling class.
As for the unemployed, they can join the militree or
go to prison.
My question is, When is the inflation going to hit
the fan?
Mike B)
--- Peter Bohmer [EMAIL PROTECTED
Peter Bohmer wrote:
While the overall unemployment rate was slightly below 4% in the late
1960's, I remember that in a study of several black communities in
major urban centers in 1967, the official unemployment rate there was
10% or more and the underemployment rate, which the labor department
The unemployment rate was NOT at an alltime low in the late 1960s.
Scroll back a bit Doug.
Gene Coyle
Doug Henwood wrote:
Peter Bohmer
wrote:
While the overall unemployment rate was
slightly below 4% in the late
1960's, I remember that in a study of several black communities in
. For the sake of the country, . . . I hope and pray
that he is right.
Within two years, inflation was galloping, the federal deficit was climbing,
and Lyndon Baines Johnson was forced to slam on the brakes with an unpopular
tax hike to finance the war and slow the economy.
In Johnson's experience, some
, inflation was galloping, the federal deficit was climbing,
and Lyndon Baines Johnson was forced to slam on the brakes with an unpopular
tax hike to finance the war and slow the economy.
In Johnson's experience, some see a cautionary tale for President Bush.
Again, a president is pursuing his domestic
Eugene Coyle wrote:
I disagree with the assertion in this piece that in the Vietnam days
unemployment was at rock bottom and with the attendant assertion that
the economic engines were already revving hot when Vietnam spending
slammed on the accelerator.
The unemployment rate in the U.S. was 4%
While the overall unemployment rate was slightly below 4% in the late
1960's, I remember that in a study of several black communities in
major urban centers in 1967, the official unemployment rate there was
10% or more and the underemployment rate, which the labor department
calculated at that
Title: Iraqi inflation
{was: RE: [PEN-L:36164] Re: RE: Re: Re: Re: Re: Basra uprising wishful thinking ?}
my only source about the US dumping of currency is pen-l, so I may be blowing smoke. But any inflation will only affect Iraq (since it's only Iraqi dinars that are being dumped
Daniel had written before about Iraq having excellent plates for printing
US currency. I would like to know more about that.
Of course, more currency might help the US and thereby make the war more
popular after a while.
--
Michael Perelman
Economics Department
California State University
Title: RE: [PEN-L:36175] Re: Iraqi inflation
the problem is that if having more currency might push down the market Fed Funds rate below the Fed's target rate. This would mean that under current operating procedures, the Fed would sell government bonds (a contractionary monetary policy
FEBRUARY 19, 2003
3000-page omnibus giving up its secrets
By Alexander Bolton
http://www.hillnews.com/news/021903/omnibus.aspx
Nearly a week after passing the largest omnibus spending bill in15 years,
lawmakers are slowly beginning to discover what they voted while scrambling to
finish work on
How do the zero interest rates on cars affect the CPI? I understand that
they cost -- at least before the last cut -- something like $4000 to the
producer, while the retail cost remains relatively steady. Does the CPI
take such matters into account?
--
Michael Perelman
Economics Department
[neo-Spinozism is alive and well]
Inflation pretty much forces the idea of multiple universes upon us.
http://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/29/science/space/29COSM.html?8isc
joanna bujes wrote:
Private school tuition ranges from $8,000/year to $20,000/year...and
it goes up every year.
My alma mater is up to $34,030! That's nearly 2,300 hours of work at
the average wage, twice as much as in 1973, when I was there.
But do we know how much people really pay? Most
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
revealed preferences
Who came up with that concept?
Doug
Doug H wrote
revealed preferences
Who came up with that concept?
Paul Samuelson.
Background (from long-ago graduate school days). About 75% of the following is
true.
In the old days of neoclassical economics they made use of the notion
of utility. Utility was generally seen to
the loose money policy (which exacerbated all
kinds of bubbles/ripoffs) was that we didn't have to worry about inflation.
Joanna
Thanks, that was very interesting. I need to think about it some more.
Joanna
At 12:18 AM 07/06/2002 -0500, you wrote:
I have always considered inflation to be a *general* rise in the price
level, rather than a rise in specific prices which feed into the CPI or,
as we used to call it, the COL
At 06:09 PM 07/05/2002 -0400, Doug wrote:
The CPI market basket is based on the Consumer Expenditure Survey
http://www.bls.gov/cex/home.htm, not what BLS economists deem it to be,
and it includes education, which they weight at 2.7% of spending
ftp://146.142.4.23/pub/news.release/cpi.txt. In
to be an issue (for instance the misuse of the CPI),
they are not about to quibble. They are just weak people.
This is important because the
whole justification about the loose money policy (which exacerbated all
kinds of bubbles/ripoffs) was that we didn't have to worry about inflation.
The CPI
Doug wrote:
. . .education, which they weight at 2.7% of spending
ftp://146.142.4.23/pub/news.release/cpi.txt. In the CES for 2000,
households spent 1.5% of after-tax income on education. These numbers seem
low, but that's what they say.
That does seem low. But, as oddly, the document
Re the 2.7% average spending on education and childcare:
I wonder the extent to which this is due to the use of household spending
averages.
Example:
Beaver and family: $50,000 spending and $10,000 in education and childcare
spending = 20 spending on ed/childcare%.
70 year old person (a
Title: RE: [PEN-L:27709] Re: Re: Re: Re: Inflation and CPI
also, a lot of the payment for education is in the form of taxes, and so doesn't show up in the CPI. (Does the CPI exclude sales taxes? even if it doesn't, it does exclude most other taxes.)
Jd
-Original Message-
From
Isn't that Samuelson's term?
On Sun, Jul 07, 2002 at 12:10:24PM -0400, Doug Henwood wrote:
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
revealed preferences
Who came up with that concept?
Doug
--
Michael Perelman
Economics Department
California State University
Chico, CA 95929
Tel. 530-898-5321
You have mere preferences; I have cultivated tastes.
On Sat, Jul 06, 2002 at 03:35:39PM -0700, Devine, James wrote:
I don't remember, what's the difference between tastes and preferences?
--
Michael Perelman
Economics Department
California State University
Chico, CA 95929
Tel.
Research Institute's Future Inflation Gauge jumped to
101.7 last month from 99.1 in May, ECRI said.
After peaking at 124.7 in April 2000, the inflation index dropped sharply as
the economic downturn took hold. A greater portion of purchasing managers
reported slower deliveries in June, which also
Jim D. wrote,
also, a lot of the payment for education is in the form of taxes, and so
doesn't show up in the CPI. (Does the CPI exclude sales taxes? even if it
doesn't, it does exclude most other taxes.)
Only post-tax spending is included in the CPI. Public school spending, etc,
does not
Title: RE: [PEN-L:27656] Re: RE: inflation
I wrote:
at some point, economists decided on a conventional definition of
inflation as referring only to increasing prices of newly-produced
goods and services.
Paul writes:I have always considered inflation to be a *general* rise in the price
Title: RE: [PEN-L:27594] Re: Re: Inflation
Eric wrote:The CPI likely has failed to take into account many declines in the quality of certain services and goods. While many economists have been interested in arguing (rightly in _some_ cases) that the CPI has sometimes failed to reflect quality
Jim wrote,
I don't remember, what's the difference between tastes and preferences?
Same thing except that preferences likely became common language after the
presentation of the notion of revealed preferences in modern welfare
economics. Tastes is just older language for the same thing.
On Thursday, July 4, 2002 at 14:06:16 (-0700) Michael Perelman writes:
Help me out here Doug. Usually, I would be inclined to believe Census figures
over something from Texas, but
Texas Transportation Institute. 2002. 2002 Urban Mobility Study
http://mobility.tamu.edu/ums/
Congestion is growing
Doesn't this exchange confuse the increase in delay with total travel time? I. e.
ignores an increase in distance traveled?
Gene Coyle
Bill Lear wrote:
On Thursday, July 4, 2002 at 14:06:16 (-0700) Michael Perelman writes:
Help me out here Doug. Usually, I would be inclined to believe
I began with the distance to suggest that it should be a component of the
rent. Doug's statistics on delays were useful since the increasing
commutes lead to more congestion, causing more delays.
On Fri, Jul 05, 2002 at 08:15:14AM -0700, Eugene Coyle wrote:
Doesn't this exchange confuse the
Michael Perelman wrote:
Help me out here Doug. Usually, I would be inclined to believe Census figures
over something from Texas, but
Texas Transportation Institute. 2002. 2002 Urban Mobility Study
http://mobility.tamu.edu/ums/
Congestion is growing in areas of every size. The 75 urban areas
switch
from high-priced goods to low-priced substitutes. But isn't it
equally likely that it understates inflation, because as prices of
necessities rise (like housing and health care) they eat up a
growing fraction of consumer income and play a bigger role
in the cost of living? I mean
At 02:06 PM 07/04/2002 -0700, you wrote:
I am happy to hear about NY public transportation. NY may be unusual in that
even moderately well to do people use it.
Returned from NYC a few weeks ago and agree that NYC public transit is a
miracle of convenience/dependability/efficiency. Prosit!
Title: RE: inflation
[was: Greenspan's cooked book]
I wrote:
at some point, economists decided on a conventional definition of
inflation as referring only to increasing prices of newly-produced goods
and services. Given that convention, inflation in housing prices only
counts when
From: Devine, James [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: '[EMAIL PROTECTED]' [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject:[PEN-L:27641] RE: inflation
Date sent: Fri, 5 Jul 2002 16:44:57 -0700
Send reply to: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
I wrote:
at some point
-priced substitutes. But isn't it
equally likely that it understates inflation, because as prices of
necessities rise (like housing and health care) they eat up a
growing fraction of consumer income and play a bigger role
in the cost of living? I mean this seems obvious to me, but
during all
the possibility that people switch from apples
to oranges as the relative price of apples grows.
RE
But isn't it
equally likely that it understates inflation, because as prices of
necessities rise (like housing and health care) they eat up a
growing fraction of consumer income and play a bigger
Jim D wrote,
at some point, economists decided on a conventional definition of inflation
as referring only to increasing prices of newly-produced goods and services.
Given that convention, inflation in housing prices only counts when it
affects apartment rents (or imputed rent on owner
commutes? Does the CPI take into account the deterioration of
public transportation? Yet, they emphasize everthing that represents an
increase in quality as reflecting a decreasing (hedonic) cost.
Ellen Frank wrote:
But isn't it
equally likely that it understates inflation, because as prices
a decreasing (hedonic) cost.
Robert Gordon says somewhere that a hedonic index of apparel prices
would show much higher inflation than the official measure does,
because price increases are hidden behind style changes.
You've got a point here, Michael but I think you've picking on the
wrong components
A useful discussion by Peter Warburton, whose book Debt and Deflation is a
valuable read (many on this list are no doubt familiar with Warburton but
this column seems a useful reminder of the kind of world we live in.)
The debasement of world currency: it is inflation,
but not as we know
the credit aggregates, helping to keep
inflation lower.
Doesn't this mean that the central banks have much less power?
On the other hand, the non-bank credit avalanche has
enabled a furious pace of fixed investment in physical assets that has
promoted structural global excess capacity
this author writes:
The avalanche of non-bank credit that has swept across the economic
landscape over the past 20 years has altered it beyond recognition. On the
one hand, it has enabled the monetary aggregates to grow much more slowly
than the credit aggregates, helping to keep inflation
. But the quote doesn't make
much sense. Credit can cause inflation just as much as money does. Credit
aggregates can't keep inflation low, unless they grow slowly.
what's kept inflation low in the US has been low oil prices, low raw
material prices in general, and the high dollar.
JDevine
what's kept inflation low in the US has been low oil prices, low raw
material prices in general, and the high dollar.
JDevine
And the excess capacity in manufacturing world wide that has
increased competition and prevented the excercize of monopoly
pricing. No?
Paul Phillips
Jim writes,
what's kept inflation low in the US has been low oil prices,
low raw material prices in general, and the high dollar.
The first two certainly have help lots. But I'm no convinced about the high
dollar. After all if the dollar is high then other currencies are low.
But the other
what's kept inflation low in the US has been low oil prices, low raw
material prices in general, and the high dollar.
JDevine
And the excess capacity in manufacturing world wide that has
increased competition and prevented the excercize of monopoly
pricing.
right.
Jim D.
. Here and in his
book, Warburton complains that the Fed has been totally uptight about
inflation in terms of money, but completely blase about financial credit,
such that, if the Fed wanted to control credit, it would have to do it by
other means--mostly, he seems to imply, through the regulation
I wrote:what's kept inflation low in the US has been low oil prices,
low raw material prices in general, and the high dollar.
Eric says: The first two certainly have help lots. But I'm no convinced
about the high dollar. After all if the dollar is high then other
currencies are low
What causes inflation?
that's simple: too much money chasing too few goods.
;-)
Such is the quantity theory. But it matches reality only if the
adjustments between all goods and all money are instantaneous and
simultaneous. What is reflected in market-equilibrium models of the kind
Cancell precedent mail that was not complete
What causes inflation?
that's simple: too much money chasing too few goods.
;-)
Such is the quantity theory of money. But it would match reality, only if
adjustments between all goods an all money were simultaneous and
instantaneous. So
as indicated by the ';-)' I put in my message, I was joking. The too much
money chasing too few goods cliche, like the inflation is always and
everywhere a monetary phenomenon, is true by definition and thus empty,
useless as an explanation of anything. It begs the question.
In reality, I see
Jim wrote:
as indicated by the ';-)' I put in my message, I was joking. The too much
money chasing too few goods cliche, like the inflation is always and
everywhere a monetary phenomenon, is true by definition and thus empty,
useless as an explanation of anything. It begs the question
Inflation
Why do the items in your shopping basket cost more (or
less) than they did the day before? Sally Bolton explains
Friday January 18, 2002
What is inflation?
Inflation is a sustained rise in prices across an economic
area - literally the cost of living. In Britain it is
calculated
What causes inflation?
that's simple: too much money chasing too few goods.
;-)
of the unit of account. Conversely, if 50
apples were destroyed in a fire, the price would also increase to $2.00, but
that would not be, in my view, an example of monetary inflation, because the
price change reflects a change in the quantity of the actual goods and
services.
David Shemano
In reply to Michael Perelman:
David we were talking about something else -- not the inflation, but the
relative value of currencies. Yes, standard theory suggests that pumping
up the money supply is the cause of inflation, which then makes a currency
eventually fall.
Other
* ...Meanwhile, the stakes were raised by price inflation,
reflecting the higher demand attributable to a rise in the population
of about 25 percent between 1500 and 1600 and the inflow of silver
from the New World; the expansion of both reached a peak by 1600.
Thereafter, for a century
The structural view of inflation in the US suggests that once built into
the normal operations of the economy, the wage-price spiral and similar
inertial processes tend to persist unless there is a deep or long-lasting
and thus painful recession (or successful incomes policies or similar major
Yoshie,
Many thanks for the quotes. But I'm having a hard time interpreting them.
Do you see then as a break with Keynes' position in the G.T., particularly
concerning monetary policy? These quotes strike me as consistent with his
concept of "pure inflation" in the G.T.. Do yo
I just did a quick scan of my files. I cannot find it. I don't think that it
was a major point for him, but it was of some concern. But then I would not
trust my memory 100%.
Edwin Dickens wrote:
Could you be more specific about what you mean by Keynes' later concern
with inflation
Michael Perelman wrote,
Dave's report today had two indications that deflationary pressures are
weakening. Is that true? Other reports suggest that the economy might
be slowing down. What is happening???
Richardson_D wrote:
A survey of business economists showed that more companies
Dave's report today had two indications that deflationary pressures are
weakening. Is that true? Other reports suggest that the economy might be
slowing down. What is happening???
Richardson_D wrote:
A survey of business economists showed that more companies are raising
prices than at
In his on-line Economic Reporting Review, Dean Baker comments on a New York
TIMES article by Sylvia Nasar:
The article also asserts that increased competition due to the
deregulation of industries such as airlines, railroads and
telecommunications has been a major factor in keeping prices down.
might end up on pen-l.
Robert Naiman wrote:
The Christian Science Monitor
June 21, 1999, Monday
SECTION: FEATURES; WORK MONEY; CAPITAL IDEAS; ECONOMIC SCENE; Pg.
17
LENGTH: 744 words
HEADLINE: Economists challenge Fed's inflation 'hunch'
BYLINE: David R
The Christian Science Monitor
June 21, 1999, Monday
SECTION: FEATURES; WORK MONEY; CAPITAL IDEAS; ECONOMIC SCENE; Pg.
17
LENGTH: 744 words
HEADLINE: Economists challenge Fed's inflation 'hunch'
BYLINE: David R. Francis, Staff writer of The Christian Science
Now that inflation has returned to the financial pages, at least for a
day, and papers are filled with glowing stories about corporate
consolidations, I wonder if we're going to see a return to the idea that
corporate power is a major factor in price increases?
--
Michael Perelman
Economics
IN THIS MESSAGE: ANALYSIS--Labor/inflation theory nears last breath...
Monday May 3, 3:15 pm Eastern Time
ANALYSIS--Labor/inflation theory nears last breath
By Isabelle Clary
NEW YORK, May 3 (Reuters) - It seems like just about everyone is working in
the United States, except the Phillips
IN THIS MESSAGE: ANALYSIS--Labor/inflation theory nears last breath; 3rd
World Must Do With Less; Undemocratic Regimes Get Billions; Nicaraguan
Police/Army Called Out Against Strikers
Monday May 3, 3:15 pm Eastern Time
ANALYSIS--Labor/inflation theory nears last breath
By Isabelle Clary
actually, there is no reason to worry about the IMF being strapped for cash,
because
1) it isn't. a recent gao report says the IMF has $43 billion in lendable
reserves. when you add in the New Arrangements to Borrow and their gold
reserves, they have $100 billion; if you count their ability
Robert Naiman's note on the IMF is a perfect example of what I was referring to
in my earlier post on socializing the downturns and privatizing the booms.
--
Michael Perelman
Economics Department
California State University
Chico, CA 95929
Tel. 530-898-5321
E-Mail [EMAIL PROTECTED]
At 08:41 PM 8/4/98 -0700, Michael P. wrote:
Robert Naiman's note on the IMF is a perfect example of what I was
referring to
in my earlier post on socializing the downturns and privatizing the booms.
this seems to be a dynamic version of Norman Thomas' phrase "socialism for
the rich, capitalism
Michael Eisenscher forwarded a column
Study Considers Worst Case If Asia
Collapses
By Clay Chandler
Washington Post Staff Writer
Saturday, August 1, 1998; Page C01
Call it the Asian Armageddon scenario:
Instead of getting better, Asia's economic crisis just gets
worse -- lots worse. Policy
Jim,
Thanks so much for your thoughtful reply.
I will indeed get your article out of the URPE reader (and reflect on your
references and comments).
Would you mind taking a look at the "radical" section when I'm done?
By the way, I always check your posting and Doug's on pen-l. Unlike others,
Jay Hecht wrote:
From what I can
tell, prior to the last decade or so, there really hasn't been a left
consensus on inflation.
Is there now? I'm all against tight money, but I still think the
populist/liberal left is too sanguine about inflation. I think it often
represents a cheap substitute
Jay writes:
I wanted to take a quick survey of whether inflation remains an "economic
issue." I'm helping Bob Carson update his "Economic Issues Today," ...
I've been trying to formulate a reasonable "radical" position on the
inflation issue, drawing from work b
Folks,
I wanted to take a quick survey of whether inflation remains an "economic
issue." I'm helping Bob Carson update his "Economic Issues Today," which
Sharpe expects to publish in December. I don't know how many of you are
familiar with the text, but it covers 15 issues
LYNN TURGEON, PROFESSOR EMERITUS OF ECONOMICS, HOFSTRA UNIVERSITY,
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
In the fifties, it was assumed that there was only one type of
inflation, demand-pull inflation, one that was obvious in our Civil War, World
War I and World War II. After the two World Wars
A colleague of mine is doing some work on the nature of inflation indexed
bonds. He needs to find a source for data on the UK equivelent of the CPI,
monthly, since about 1981.
He would also be interested in any cites on the nature of inflation indexed
bonds in the UK.
Thanks.
Doug Orr
Eastern
Jim Devine wrote:
How can Passell say such things??
I often read Passell's columns. He's simply a mouthpiece for a sub-set of
mainstream economists. He quotes and promotes the work of dishonest
scholars like Dale Jorgeson and his ilk.
I had read the column referred to by Lynn Turgeon and
Jim Devine wrote:
How can Passell say such things??
I often read Passell's columns. He's simply a mouthpiece for a sub-set of
mainstream economists. He quotes and promotes the work of dishonest
scholars like Dale Jorgeson and his ilk.
I had read the column referred to by Lynn Turgeon and
Lynn Turgeon writes: Passell also concludes that most people
seem to win as a result of overall deflation just as most people
seem to lose from overall inflation and therefore tend to go
along with fighting inflation as a national policy. No wonder
there is inertia among Japanese policy
Lynn Turgeon writes: Passell also concludes that most people
seem to win as a result of overall deflation just as most people
seem to lose from overall inflation and therefore tend to go
along with fighting inflation as a national policy. No wonder
there is inertia among Japanese policy
Lynn Turgeon writes: Passell also concludes that most people
seem to win as a result of overall deflation just as most people
seem to lose from overall inflation and therefore tend to go
along with fighting inflation as a national policy. No wonder
there is inertia among Japanese policy
Lynn Turgeon writes: Passell also concludes that most people
seem to win as a result of overall deflation just as most people
seem to lose from overall inflation and therefore tend to go
along with fighting inflation as a national policy. No wonder
there is inertia among Japanese policy
In previous postings, I have argued that using the Price Deflator -- the
most comprehensive measure of inflation -- there was no upward trend during
the late 1980s, especially if we appropriately ignore the unusually low rate
for 1986 when oil and agricultural prices were unusually low. I
Sorry to be so prolific; I'll shut up once these threads die down.
At 8:32 AM 1/2/97, Robert Cherry wrote:
In response, Doug Henwood presented some data which indicated that core
CPI inflation rates -- consumer price inflation when energy and agricultural
prices are excluded -- did have
In response to my latest posting concerning CORE inflation. Doug Henwood
posted monthly rates from 1986 thru 1991. Accepting his numbers, my claim
that inflation remained in a narrow band of "4.1 to 4.7 percent during the
relevant period holds from April 1987 thru at least February
Sure, as Robert Cherry notes, a rise in the minimum wage will encourage inflation,
cet.
par. But my point is that cet ain't par: there are other factors encouraging actual
deflation. Combining the two effects might mean either a net increase or a net
decrease
in the inflation rate
Does anyone out there know the inflation rate in the Russian republic since
1992? The only numbers I have are 1990, 8%; 1991, 169%; and 1992, 2510%.
Please respond to me in person to avoid cluttering the list. Also I'm
afraid I need to know this by 5 p.m. for teaching! Thanks in advance
The Brecht Forum
The New York Marxist School
122 West 27 Street, 10 floor
New York, New York 10001
(212) 242-4201
(212) 741-4563 (fax)
[EMAIL PROTECTED] (e-mail)
Inflation and Unemployment
a talk by Anwar Shaikh
Thursday, February 22 at 8 pm
The view of inflation that dominates academic
paul burkett wrote:
I would like to lodge a general info request, concerning whether anyone knows
of any articles that documents differences in expectations of inflation
between workers and capitalists (or as a second best, among different income
groups). Please respond to me personally
I would like to lodge a general info request, concerning whether anyone knows
of any articles that documents differences in expectations of inflation
between workers and capitalists (or as a second best, among different income
groups). Please respond to me personally, so as not to clutter up
From: IN%"[EMAIL PROTECTED]" 30-JAN-1995 19:36:57.56
CC:
Subj: [PEN-L:3974] Re: inflation
Return-path: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
(PMDF V4.3-13 #6545) id [EMAIL PROTECTED]; Mon,
30 Jan 1995 19:36:39 +1100
("port 2087"@anthrax.ecst.csuchico.edu) by vaxc.cc.monash.edu.au
ould argue that either way, prices rise, i. e. inflation,
and things are bad.
Inflation, yes; bad, not necessarily. But yes, whether it's the CU causing
bottlenecks or CU as a a proxy for a tight economy, high CU is associated
with rising inflation rates. It's a fact.
Yes, of course
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