Dave--
My additional thoughts on the pairing of electrons.
The atomic chart reveals electronic structure of electrons in shells at various
distances from the nucleus. The inner shells have fewer electrons than the
outer shells have and the inner shells when filled are filled with an even
number of electrons that have been paired. As I understand the theory such
configurations are stable minimum energy states. Thus pair electrons
constitute a lower energy state than single unpaired electrons in an atom
would. However, since the electrons can not occupy the same energy state
within a QM coherent system, even any given pair do not have the same energy.
This is because the spin of each electron is on average opposite to its paired
neighbor.
I am not aware of experimental data that has indicated what the average
separation is. In the theory I believe it is quite close and at an equilibrium
position that balances a spin attractive force to the coulomb repulsion force.
It is I would guess like the Cooper Pairing we have discussed in the past and
potentially act like a boson with 0 spin.
If the magnetic field of an electron is cancelled out by the opposite magnetic
field of its pair, the resulting field is null. Thus paramagnetic materials
that have a high magnetic susceptibility have lots of unpaired electrons in
their electronic structure that are able to line up in an external field and
increase the resulting magnetic field, those with fewer pairs respond to a
lesser degree to a external field.
Even though the electrons are paired, they do not lose their charge and they
represent a -2e charge at a distance from the pair that is great with respect
to the distance between the charges in the paired electron quasiparticle.
----- Original Message -----
From: David Roberson
To: vortex-l@eskimo.com
Sent: Wednesday, April 30, 2014 9:21 PM
Subject: Re: [Vo]:Electron Repulsion Versus Distance
Bob,
I am a bit confused about how the electron pair acts like a -2 charge in an
atom according to your theory. Do you visualize the -2 charge pair orbiting a
nucleus of hydrogen for example in this description? Or, are they moving
together as a pair that does not require a positive charge to keep them
together?
It is good to see that you have been considering the pairing of electrons as
a unit. That is the root of my question about whether or not electrons repel
each other at all normal distances. Much depends upon how the spin generated
magnetic field falls off with distance when compared with electric field fall
off.
The Dirac articles imply that the energy associated with the spin magnetic
field is greater than that of the energy needed to free up the epos. I find
this very interesting and also leads me to question the normal pair production
concept. My tendency is to cling to the COE with all claws until no other
explanation can be proven.
If epos actually exist, they would be neutral and difficult to isolate. One
might suggest that a large magnetic field might be able to pull them apart in a
matter somewhat like we are considering for the activity of LENR systems.
There seems to be so many possible avenues to explore as we attempt to explain
how nuclear reactions can occur at low temperatures. Spin coupling via strong
magnetic forces still offers the best solutions in my estimate. It will be
ironic if it turns out that the high energy physics experiments totally miss
this means of interaction due to the very fact that they operate at such
elevated energy levels and low densities.
Dave
-----Original Message-----
From: Bob Cook <frobertc...@hotmail.com>
To: vortex-l <vortex-l@eskimo.com>
Sent: Wed, Apr 30, 2014 6:50 pm
Subject: Re: [Vo]:Electron Repulsion Versus Distance
Dave--
Also it has been my concept that the pair act like a -2 charge in an atom.
The dipole interaction distance is fairly short compared to the 1/r associated
with a bare charge. I also like to think of the attraction as a spin coupling
effect not unlike the spin orbit force discussed in the following item: The
mechanism is not described very well in this item however.
arXiv.org > nucl-ex > arXiv:1401.1593v1
Bob
----- Original Message -----
From: MarkI-ZeroPoint
To: vortex-l@eskimo.com
Sent: Wednesday, April 30, 2014 8:06 AM
Subject: RE: [Vo]:Electron Repulsion Versus Distance
Dave asked:
The fact that a pair of electrons can work together even though they are
repelled by the electric charge they possess leads me to wonder how they ever
work as a pair.
Just one more of the inconsistencies in modern fizzix dogma
If the electron/hole is modeled as a dipole-like oscillation, then the
answer to your question Is very simple
two electron-oscillations 180 degrees
out of phase will couple, and the complementary ends together will cancel
what we call charge, the pair is free to move w/o being influenced by other
charged entities in the lattice.
-Mark
From: David Roberson [mailto:dlrober...@aol.com]
Sent: Wednesday, April 30, 2014 7:57 AM
To: vortex-l@eskimo.com
Subject: [Vo]:Electron Repulsion Versus Distance
We have been discussing spin coupling as one element that might allow LENR
to proceed without dangerous radiation emissions. And, it is well known that
super conductive materials use Cooper pairs of electrons to operate.
The fact that a pair of electrons can work together even though they are
repelled by the electric charge they possess leads me to wonder how they ever
work as a pair. The force of repulsion between two like charges varies as the
square of the distance separating them according to the E field distribution.
The closer they approach each other, the stronger is the repulsion. But
magnetic near field effects vary as the third order with distance for two pole
sources.
If the electrons find a way to allow the magnetic attraction to be positive
by for example having opposite spin, then is there a certain distance where the
two forces balance out? If so, one might expect the two to actually become
attracted to each other when closer approach occurs. So, does spin of an
electron lead to a magnetic field that can actually allow a pair to become
attracted at very close ranges?
If the attraction possibility exists would it be demonstrated in a beam of
electrons traveling within a vacuum? The relative velocity and hence
temperature variation along the beam can be reduced significantly by adjusting
the source and control electrodes.
Another question that immediately comes to the table is whether or not
pairs of electrons are the natural manner in which they exist within metals,
etc. Do techniques exist that can prove that they are individuals under normal
conditions or do we just make that assumption? Perhaps slightly elevated
temperatures break apart the weak connection that exists between pairs or
relatively small electromagnetic fields tear them apart under test conditions.
One observation that appears valid is that electrons certainly occur in
pairs around nuclei. Could that be their normal state of existence?
Dave
