Karl, the technical term for your concept (as I'm sure you know) is 'language 
interference' or 'second language interference'. Of course it is a problem. But 
the same must be true, though, within Biblical Hebrew itself of different 
periods, though I can't think of examples.



Uri's right in that we can't interrogate Biblical Hebrew speakers (or our own 
knowledge of the language) for a broader context for a word that might only 
appear a couple of times in the Bible and cognates are a helpful tool towards a 
closer understanding of the Hebrew. But I agree that it's a double-edged sword. 
As John Healey, I think, remarked to me during an interview to read Semitic 
Languages many years ago, we can't treat words in cognate languages as somehow 
interchangeable; a knowledge of cognates may help us toward the meaning of an 
obscure word (or a common word whose meaning had shifted between the author's 
writing it down and the writing of the Septuagint) but we still have to try to 
see how it works in Hebrew and to keep them separate in our own minds. We know 
that a simplistic etymological approach in Hebrew is often misleading as a word 
- once formed - takes on meanings of its own, particularly during times of 
transformation (so theological terms that have broader Canaanite religious use 
are likely to have been redefined in the move to monotheism), this being 
especially true with loan words which are so often borrowings of secondary 
meanings and which soon take on their own flavour. The same misleading 
potential is true of cognates: the likelihood is that choosing a meaning of an 
Arabic cognate from a list of meanings in a lexicon without seeing where the 
word is used in context in the language is fraught with danger. If, for 
example, we didn!t know the word מדינה in Hebrew, would Arabic /madīna/ be 
helpful? Historically in Arabic it doesn't really mean 'city', which would be 
our natural - and misleading - choice, but without an etymological dictionary 
(and none exists that I know of) it's hard to unravel the meaning of such a 
word in terms of its meaning in a given period. It's worth reading Janes Barr's 
_Comparative Philology and the Text of the Old Testament_, where he examines 
the pros and cons in some detail.

John Leake
Open University

----------------------------------
ان صاحب حياة هانئة لا يدونها انما يحياها
He who has a comfortable life doesn't write about it - he lives it
---------------------------------- 

On 28 Apr 2013, at 04:15, Barry <[email protected]> wrote:

> On 4/27/2013 8:23 PM, K Randolph wrote:
> 
>> In closing, what do you want to do with your study of Biblical Hebrew?
>> If you want to make it part of a broader study of linguistics, then a
>> study of cognate languages is not only preferable, but needed. But if
>> you merely want to maximize your understanding of Hebrew itself and of
>> the Tanakh, then a study of cognate languages will actually hurt.
> 
> That's not my experience at all. I've been doing Latin and Greek 
> (cognate languages) simultaneously since 1977. It hasn't hurt me at all, 
> and in fact, has been quite helpful. Learning Aramaic was far easier 
> since I already had some Hebrew under my belt. In the early stages of 
> learning, if you do two languages at the same time, it can occasionally 
> be confusing, but rarely (again in my experience) due to the cognate 
> nature of the languages.
> 
> 
> -- 
> N.E. Barry Hofstetter
> Semper melius Latine sonat
> The American Academy
> http://www.theamericanacademy.net
> The North American Reformed Seminary
> http://www.tnars.net
> Bible Translation Magazine
> http://www.bible-translation.net
> 
> http://my.opera.com/barryhofstetter/blog
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