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> There is difference between means and ends. For example, there are so called
> social justice passages in the Bible. They refer to religion permeating a
> society so much that people's charity would be enough to alleviate poverty.
> Jesus and the prophets talks to ordinary people to give to charity not the
> gov'ts. Judeo-Christian-Islamic justice implies widespread charity in a
> society,
> tithing (10% JC or 2.5-20% I), and voluntary offerings.

Dear Stephen,

I would say this is true in regards to Jesus who was not terribly
concerned with how governments functioned. According to Acts of the
Apostles, however, in the early church Christians shared all things in
common, which goes far beyond charity. In any case, the prophets
condemned the government and the priesthood for poverty, not people's
lack of charity. . hey  prohibited practices like usury that led to
such poverty in the strongest terms.Taxations aimed primarily at the
peasant farmer were condemned as well. Our own bankruptcy laws in this
country are based on biblical principles although  recent laws have
eroded these

Now, in regards to charging interest Baha'u'llah does annul the
Biblical and Qur'anic prohibitions and states that a reasonable amount
of interest may be charged (with the House of Justice deciding what is
reasonable.) Usury or exorbitant interest  charged to the poor is
still condemned. While the Huqullah is entirely voluntary and cannot
be coerced, Abdu'l-Baha also spoke of a graduated income tax. I don't
get the impression that this is voluntary.

At the same time Abdu'l-Baha insist that complete economic equality is
neither possible or desirable. He recognized that people need
incentives.
>
>
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alms
>
> In Judiasm, Tzedekah means both charity and justice (as well as fairness and
> righteousness).

Which certainly suggest that justice must include carrying for the poor.

> Who's to say an increase in the job market, more self-employment, more
> independent contractors, more investors, more business owners isn't the
> solution?

I'm sure it is part of the solution. One of the reasons industrial
capitalism was never as exploitive in the US as it was in England or
Europe is because during the time of the Industrial Revolution
American workers  always had an alternative which  their European
counterparts did not posses. The ready availability of land meant they
could always had the alternative to be self-employed (as farmers)
rather than work for the big corporations. Unfortunately that is no
longer an option for most people. Unbridled capitalism today  tends to
favor the big multi-nationals, not small business and self-employment.
Also, without affordable health care self-employment is not really an
option for most people.

>
> Really, the issue requires us to reflect on how wealth is created.

Contrary to common opinion Adam Smith never saw a 'social welfare'
state as incompatible with the 'invisible hand' of the free market.
His protest in the *The Wealth of Nations* was a condemnation of
mercantilism, which had led to colonialism. If you read his earlier
work  *The Theory of Moral Sentiments.*

Adam Smith vigorously defended such public services as free education
and poverty relief,
calling for  greater freedom for the those  who receives support from
the state, unlike the
punitive Poor Laws which existed at the time. He also acknowledged the
importance of interventions on behalf of the poor and the underdogs of
society that might result from a free market system He stated the
following principle:.  "When the regulation, therefore, is in favour
of the workmen, it is always just and equitable; but it is sometimes
otherwise when in favour of the masters."

Adam Smith, like Abdu'l-Baha supported both the profit motive and
social values which transcended it. Both believed these values should
be expressed, not merely in acts of charity but in the policies of the
state.


warmest, Susan

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