On Thu, Mar 25, 2010 at 12:05 PM, Larry C. Lyons <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> There was independent Jewish kingdom in the region from 140BCE to 37
> BCE under the descendants of the leader of the Maccabees.  It was
> conquered by Pompey in 37BC. It went from being a client kingdom to a
> province administered by the governor of Syria in 37 AD.

Prior to the conquest by Romans led by Pompey, it was an indenpendent
kingdom and had been since a revolt in the 2nd century BCE. From
Wikipedia:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah

----
By the 2nd century BCE, Judah, now the province of Yehud (formerly
Yehud Medinata under Persian rule), revolted against Hellenistic Greek
overlords and re-created a Judean kingdom, based on the biblical
model; this kingdom eventually became part of the Roman Empire as the
Iudaea Province before being dissolved due to major rebellions in the
1st century CE and 2nd century CE, after which the name Judah/Judea
ceased to be used for any political entity.
----

and

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasmonean

----
The Hasmoneans (/hæzməˡniən/ Hebrew: חשמונאים‎, Hashmonayim, 
Audio)
were the ruling dynasty of the Hasmonean Kingdom of Israel (140–37
BC),[1] an independent Jewish state.
----

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