I would just note that with any late sources like this one you need to  
try to verify the description as either a period one or a modern  
interpolation. I'm skeptical of trying to apply them backwards as  
descriptive of what was going on unless there is something in the text  
that shows a more intimate acquaintance. Otherwise there is a strong  
possibility that the modern author, when confronted with an unfamiliar  
term, consulted a published source for the meaning. I guess that the  
combination of "mechanical hand organ" and then the more detailed  
description about wheels, etc. shows a confusion based on published  
sources in which the author tried to combine conflicting descriptions  
in a way that made sense.

What's really needed are some period photos or a detailed period  
description, not a modern gloss on the term. Sometimes even period  
descriptions are problematic. For example, some early Hungarian  
sources referred to an instrument called the kintorna (Lat. quinterna,  
literally something like “five-fold”) and clearly gloss it as a sort  
of organistrum, but in other contexts it's clear that the quinterna  
was some sort of plucked string instrument with five courses of  
doubled strings (e.g., the “tyz hwrw kyntorna” - ten-stringed  
quinterna). I mention this just to show that names of musical  
instruments, even in one period, can be confusing.

Thus finding either a first-hand account of the HG girls by someone  
who actually noted the construction or a photo from the time would be  
the best bet and modern explanations need to be treated gingerly. (By  
the way, my personal belief that we're probably talking about barrel  
organs here isn't the issue, as I'd say the same thing if someone  
glossed it as a barrel organ. We just don't have enough to know for  
certain.)

-Arle


On Mar 9, 2009, at 2:59 PM, penny cloud wrote:

> Howdy, I have a book called "Soiled Doves" by Anne Seagraves.  
> copyright 1994 by Wesanne Publications p.o. box 428  Hayden, Idaho  
> 83835. In the glossary she lists hurdy gurdy as "a form of  
> mechanical hand organ with strings, keys and wooden wheels that  
> produced music when the handle was turned. It was first used in  
> Europe and became a popular musical instrument in America during the  
> 1800s." I find it interesting that first she mentioned that it was a  
> form of mechanical hand organ...and then mentions the strings, keys  
> and wooden wheels. I live in northern California in the gold rush  
> area just off a road called "French Creek". I'm going to do some  
> diggin' and see what I can find about genuine hurdy gurdys. Penny


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