Linux-Misc Digest #831, Volume #25 Fri, 22 Sep 00 01:13:01 EDT
Contents:
Re: kernel with MCA/ESDI without SCSI? ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Re: Why Does the EXT2 filesystem not need defragmentation. (Peter)
Re: RPM problem (MH)
Re: FTP login problems ("Robert")
Re: nfs partition not mounted at reboot. (MH)
kernel recompile needed, but Mandrake has modified the source... (Bruce LaZerte)
Re: DVD instead of CD reader ? (E J)
Re: nfs partition not mounted at reboot. ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Re: Clock running very slow (Jim Cameron)
Re: Two network interface = 200 Mbps throughput?
Re: Disk Druid (Scott Rockstad)
Re: nfs partition not mounted at reboot. (MH)
4004 (Peter)
Re: 4004 (Christopher Browne)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: kernel with MCA/ESDI without SCSI?
Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2000 03:00:26 GMT
> I am trying, with great difficulty, to install
> Linux on a Thinkpad 720. This is a laptop with
> * Microchannel architecture (supported by Linux)
> * an ESDI hard drive (supported)
> * and a SCSI controller not in use
Egad, I appear to have solved my own problem
after considerable work.
Two things have to be done to go Linux running
on a Thinkpad 720:
1. Set the SCSI DMA to channel 5 by pressing
ctrl-alt-insert on startup
2. Don't use the Slackware bootimage provided
on the MCA Linux site. There is another called
Slackware(something).img that works. I think
I got it off the same site but in the ftp area.
Viva Linux....
uwuh
Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
Before you buy.
------------------------------
From: Peter <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Why Does the EXT2 filesystem not need defragmentation.
Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2000 03:20:46 GMT
On 13 Sep 2000 21:46:43 GMT, [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Christopher
Browne) wrote:
>In our last episode (Wed, 13 Sep 2000 16:32:57 -0400),
>the artist formerly known as mike said:
>> I have been looking for detailed explainations as to why
>>Linux ext2 does not have a fragmentation problem.
>
>The valid statement is that it does not have a _serious_ fragmentation
>problem; see:
> <http://www.ntlug.org/~cbbrowne/linuxkernel.html#DEFRAG>
>for some relevant links.
The explanations are great but the laws of physics do not change.
A medium quality image is 50Mb - 100Mb. Keeping only 8Kb of the image
contiguous does not help.
A decent size disk partition formatted with FAT has an allocation unit
of 32Kb or more. The 8Kb of ext2 is sounding a little fragmented.
Defragmenting disks includes a lot more than defragmenting files.
Defragmenting is a science practiced for at least 30 years. The rules
for good defragmenting have not changed for about 25 of those years.
Cheap RAM simply reduces the cost of not defragmenting disks. (The
rules changed 25 years ago because plug compatible memory
manufacturers appeared and that changed the relative cost of main
memory versus hardware buffers.)
Working with an entry level workstation (256Mb memory) and a small
local database (about 10Gb + several indexes up to 1Gb), just about
everything on disk is primitive and inadequate. Fragmentation costs
and will continue to cost until disk design is modernized or RAM size
exceeds disk size.
NTFS has some good ideas that would help but the basic hardware still
has to change.
- NTFS contains 2 file systems, one for small files and a different
one for large files. I do not claim that either is a good file system,
only that there is a value in having a file system vary based on file
size.
- NTFS lets the user set the allocation unit size by partition. If
that function were automated and available to disk management
software, the disk management software could improve disk performance
by matching the allocation unit to the files. Directories full of clip
art could be placed in a partition with a small allocation unit like
2Kb. Directories full of images could be in a partition with a larger
allocation unit like 64Kb.
In the early 80s, I publicly advocated changing disk sectors from
0.5Kb to 1Kb to keep disks up to date. Last year I advocated 4Kb as
the minimum. This year I suggest the disks manufacturers move straight
to 64Kb to directly support RAID stripes.
Once the sector matches the RAID stripe size, all operating systems
can be updated to use RAID like access. The effect of disk
geometry/hardware buffers/transfer speed/organization/RAM size would
become less important as most of the organization would be moved up to
RAM.
In the past disk and RAM was so expensive, the disk allocation unit
had to be small to conserve resources. With disk and RAM now so cheap,
the disk allocation unit can be larger than the most common file size.
There are serious reasons why RAID uses 64Kb stripes and why newer
systems are already using 128Kb.
I suggest a modern file system would let you specify the allocation
unit by partition, the minimum size would match RAID option in the
operating system and a hard disk, to be called modern, should use the
same size for sectors.
At that point there is still value in having a daily, weekly or
monthly sweep of the disk to improve performance. Linux already has a
broom sweeping the disks every night. Adding defragmentation is simply
using a better a broom.
The current broom picks up McDonalds wrappers but not the used
syringes underneath..
------------------------------
From: MH <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: RPM problem
Date: Thu, 21 Sep 2000 20:28:17 -0700
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Olivier Thomas wrote:
>
> Hi,
>
> I try to install a RPM package of Xemacs but I got the folowing error
> message :
> "only packages with major numbers <=3 are supported by this version of RPM".
> What should I do ? Upgrade my RPM manager ?
> My Linux version is Red Hat 6.2
>
> Thanks,
> Olivier.
I had the same problem. Upgrade to RPM 3.0.5 (Apparently, there are
some problems with RPM 4.0 upgrades and corrupted RPM databases.)
--
Don't waste your vote. Vote Green, or don't vote at all.
------------------------------
From: "Robert" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To:
alt.os.linux.mandrake,alt.linux.redhat,alt.linux,comp.os.linux.help,comp.os.linux.networking,comp.os.linux.security,comp.os.linux.setup
Subject: Re: FTP login problems
Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2000 03:29:32 GMT
proftpd is nice like that. try a -HUP or restart the prog.
"Mufasa" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
news:VQwy5.9951$[EMAIL PROTECTED]...
> I had ProFTPd working for a while for myself. When I added a user so my
> friend could join, it kept kicking him into the anonymous directory. I
> started messing with stuff to figure out why, because I could log in with
my
> account just fine, but I messed something up. Now everytime anyone, user
or
> anonymous, go to login they get refused and the logs say the user was not
> found. I think it has something to do with the auhtentication in Linux but
> don't know what. Any help?
>
> I'm using ProFTP. Here's my pam.d/ftp:
>
> #%PAM-1.0
> auth required /lib/security/pam_listfile.so item=user sense=deny
> file$
> auth required /lib/security/pam_pwdb.so shadow nullok
> auth required /lib/security/pam_shells.so
> account required /lib/security/pam_pwdb.so
> session required /lib/security/pam_pwdb.so
>
> My ftpusers only has "root" in it. I checked the file permissions and
> they're fine too. Any help? Thanks.
>
>
> --
> Mufasa
>
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>
>
------------------------------
From: MH <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: nfs partition not mounted at reboot.
Date: Thu, 21 Sep 2000 20:30:36 -0700
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>
> Hi,
> I did a nfs mount from another unix machine and defined them in
> /etc/fstab.
> But then, when the machine rebooted, it does not mount the nfs mounted
> partition automatically. I have to mount it manually even though the
> entry is there in /etc/fstab.
> I'm using redhat 6.2.
>
> Any body with some hint ?
>
Either your NFS server was not available, or the entry in /etc/fstab is
incorrect. Post /etc/fstab
--
Don't waste your vote. Vote Green, or don't vote at all.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Bruce LaZerte)
Subject: kernel recompile needed, but Mandrake has modified the source...
Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2000 03:28:29 GMT
What to do?
According to the people at samba.org, I need the latest 2.2.18-9pre kernel
patch and recompile so that smbfs will work properly wih our SMB server
(OS/2, not samba).
But linux-mandrake 7.1 (kernel 2.2.15-4mdk) only provides their modified
source(-4mdk), and applying the 2.2.16 patch (from ftp.kernel.org)
generates lots of errors.
If I download the plain vanilla kernel (2.2.17 from ftp.kernel.org) source
and patch that, I could lose whatever modifications mandrake made to 2.2.15
(whatever they were) and risk incompatibility with everything else
installed with mandrake 7.1.
Mandrake 7.2 (beta 2 already available) only goes up to kernel 2.2.17 and
is probably again modified by mandrake so the 2.2.18-9pre patch will flip
out.
What to do?
Is there another linux distribution out there that only uses standard
kernels, equivalent to those found on ftp.kernel.org? Given the monolithic
linux kernel and the necessity to recompile it when updating certain device
drivers, this would be nice feature.
Thanks, bruce
======================
Bruce LaZerte
Muskoka,Ontario,Canada
mail at fwr dot on dot ca
------------------------------
From: E J <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: DVD instead of CD reader ?
Date: Thu, 21 Sep 2000 20:56:53 -0700
Until there is more software on DVD plus you can't watch DVD movies on
your Linux Box because of boneheaded court decision, I would consider
getting a CD-Writer. It is great! You can burn your favorite linux
distro and distribute them to friends.
I make a back up of my entire linux box onto two CD-RWs.
Augusto Cardoso wrote:
> my old CD reader id having trouble and needs replacement.
> Is it wise to buy a new SCSI CD reader or is it preferable to
> buy a DVD reader ?
> I usually use SuSE Linux and they are now delivering Linux
> on DVD.
> Are there any caveats ?
> Thanks for your comments.
>
> Augusto
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: nfs partition not mounted at reboot.
Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2000 04:02:04 GMT
Thanks MH,
here it is :
[root@web0 /]# df
Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 4160243 803267 3141705 20% /
[root@web0 /]# cat /etc/fstab
/dev/sda2 / ext2 defaults
1 1
/dev/sda1 swap swap defaults
0 0
/dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy ext2 noauto
0 0
filer2:/vol/web /home nfs rw 0 0
/dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom iso9660 noauto,ro
0 0
none /proc proc defaults
0 0
none /dev/pts devpts mode=0622
0 0
[root@web /]# mount /home
[root@web /]# df
Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 4160243 803267 3141705 20% /
filer2:/vol/web 76263140 292984 75970156 0% /home
[root@web /]#
[root@web0 /]# ping filer2
PING filer2 (192.168.1.36): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.1.36: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=0.2 ms
--- filer2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.2/0.2/0.2 ms
[root@web /]#
thanks,
--fg
In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> >
> > Hi,
> > I did a nfs mount from another unix machine and defined them in
> > /etc/fstab.
> > But then, when the machine rebooted, it does not mount the nfs
mounted
> > partition automatically. I have to mount it manually even though the
> > entry is there in /etc/fstab.
> > I'm using redhat 6.2.
> >
> > Any body with some hint ?
> >
>
> Either your NFS server was not available, or the entry in /etc/fstab
is
> incorrect. Post /etc/fstab
>
> --
> Don't waste your vote. Vote Green, or don't vote at all.
>
Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
Before you buy.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Jim Cameron)
Subject: Re: Clock running very slow
Date: Thu, 21 Sep 2000 20:49:15 GMT
In article <8pu9h5$3k$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>I have linux mandrake 7 on an iwill k6 300MHz motherboard that is
>suddenly running very slow. Even if I do a sleep 1 at the prompt line
>it takes about 3 seconds instead of 1 second.
>This happened before much worse. It was running so slow that I had to
>reboot and the problem went away, but now it is back.
>
>does anyone have any idea what could cause this or should I buy a new
>computer?
This seems to ring a tiny little bell somewhere in the depths of my
brain ... it seems to me that I have heard of some BIOS' putting
the computer into power-saving mode after a while if they don't
detect some Windows-type activity. Try disabling power saving in
the BIOS setup and see if the problem goes away.
jim
--
http://madeira.physiol.ucl.ac.uk/people/jim/
"Revenge is an integral part of forgiving and forgetting" -The BOFH
------------------------------
From: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.networking,comp.os.linux.setup,tw.bbs.comp.linux
Subject: Re: Two network interface = 200 Mbps throughput?
Date: Thu, 21 Sep 2000 16:59:33 GMT
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Original Message <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
On 9/21/00, 12:24:02 PM, Beggar <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote regarding=20
Two network interface =3D 200 Mbps throughput?:
> Hi all,
> I want to run a server program that use more than 100Mbps but don't
> want to buy a gigabit ethernet. I am considering use two NICs using
> the same IP (or different IP) to fully utilize the CPU power.
> Is there any exist program or method that can bridging between the
> server program and the NICs ?
> I know Windows 2000 have such function. Any expert can help ??
> Thanks very much !!
> Dicky
Hey, Dicky, you're so fine, you're so fine, DICKY!
Ok - you WILL need to patch your kernel to support two NICs at the=20
same time.
Or - I guess that 2.4.??? will have it. Linux got its ass slaughtered=20
the
last time out on this point.
Ratboy
------------------------------
From: Scott Rockstad <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux
Subject: Re: Disk Druid
Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2000 04:34:40 GMT
Oleksandr Bozhyk wrote:
>
> Hi all,
> How can I run Disk Druid in Red Hat 6.2 (in order to add a new
> partition) ?
> SY,
> Oleksandr Bozhyk
I don't know how to run Disk Druid after install, but you can use cfdisk
instead.
Regards,
Scott
------------------------------
From: MH <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: nfs partition not mounted at reboot.
Date: Thu, 21 Sep 2000 21:36:59 -0700
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>
> Thanks MH,
> here it is :
>
> [root@web0 /]# df
> Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
> /dev/sda2 4160243 803267 3141705 20% /
> [root@web0 /]# cat /etc/fstab
> /dev/sda2 / ext2 defaults
> 1 1
> /dev/sda1 swap swap defaults
> 0 0
> /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy ext2 noauto
> 0 0
> filer2:/vol/web /home nfs rw 0 0
You are trying to mount on /home, which is normally being used as a
mount point for a local disk partition. Create a new directory under
/home (or /mnt, which is where I like to keep external filesystems) and
mount to that.
--
Don't waste your vote. Vote Green, or don't vote at all.
------------------------------
From: Peter <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: 4004
Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2000 04:59:03 GMT
I see people bragging about getting Linux running with small old
boxes. Those little Linux based one chip print servers must be limited
in resources.
The I have heard is a 386/25.
What about 286s?
186?
8086?
8080 with 4Kb memory?
How about the original 4004 with 8 bytes of memory?
I know 5Mb disks are a challenge. I waited for 10Mb disks before
buying a computer (although I did build one using RAIF (RAIF is the
RAID you build when you have a shelf full of floppy drives))
My mate's teacher made a 5Kb disk by spraying the platter of a record
player with iron oxide based rust proofing paint. The hand wound
read/write head worked well. It just took a while to wind the handle
that moved the head to the next track.
But that 5Kb disk was back in the 50s when the valves used to build
RAM were expensive and brown paint was cheap. (My mate also remembers
black&white television, programming with COBOL and something named
DOS.)
Of course now a disused Pentium 200 is cheaper than a can of paint.
(Cheaper than a can of nice blue paint. Brown is probably still the
cheapest.)
So who won the "I've got the smallest" competition?
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Christopher Browne)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.hardware
Subject: Re: 4004
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2000 05:02:46 GMT
Centuries ago, Nostradamus foresaw a time when Peter would say:
>I see people bragging about getting Linux running with small old
>boxes. Those little Linux based one chip print servers must be limited
>in resources.
>
>The I have heard is a 386/25.
>
>What about 286s?
>186?
>8086?
>8080 with 4Kb memory?
>How about the original 4004 with 8 bytes of memory?
There is a "very low end Unix variant" called Uzi, that I believe
can run on a Z-80; the minimum for a recognizable form of Linux, on the
other hand, is an 80386, which was a BIG jump from the 80286 in its
support for addressing modes and virtualization.
>I know 5Mb disks are a challenge. I waited for 10Mb disks before
>buying a computer (although I did build one using RAIF (RAIF is the
>RAID you build when you have a shelf full of floppy drives))
That sounds rather sick! :-)
>My mate's teacher made a 5Kb disk by spraying the platter of a record
>player with iron oxide based rust proofing paint. The hand wound
>read/write head worked well. It just took a while to wind the handle
>that moved the head to the next track.
I can't decide whether to believe that or not; it's just imaginable
enough that it doesn't seem _completely_ impossible. But seems rather
like Mr Spock building a computer out of rocks; that is, something
that works on TV, but not usually in real life :-)
>But that 5Kb disk was back in the 50s when the valves used to build
>RAM were expensive and brown paint was cheap. (My mate also remembers
>black&white television, programming with COBOL and something named
>DOS.)
>
>Of course now a disused Pentium 200 is cheaper than a can of paint.
>(Cheaper than a can of nice blue paint. Brown is probably still the
>cheapest.)
>
>So who won the "I've got the smallest" competition?
Smallest I believe is a 486 clone that, complete with some RAM and
Ethernet NIC, fits in a matchbox. But stuff that small isn't
cheap...
--
[EMAIL PROTECTED] - <http://www.hex.net/~cbbrowne/lsf.html>
Let me control a planet's oxygen supply and I don't care who makes the
laws.
------------------------------
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End of Linux-Misc Digest
******************************
