Thanks to both Tony and Hari for their erudite and thought-provoking 
contributions. Tony concludes the Trump administration is an example of a 
patrimonial  Bonapartist regime. Hari disagrees and says Trump and his circle 
are imposing Fascist rule in the US..

I don’t recall either Hari or Tony devoting any or much attention to Project 
2025 in support of their theses. The document has been widely regarded as the 
working blueprint for the  administration. It was drafted by Russell Voight and 
issued in 2023 by the Heritage Foundation.  Voight was subsequently appointed 
director of Trump's Office of Budget and Management to oversee the cutbacks and 
other domestic and foreign policy shifts outlined in the document.

State spending which affects corporate borrowing and taxation has always been 
at the heart of divisions within the ruling class, not only within the US but 
in all bourgeois democracies. Its liberal wing represented by US Democrats and 
European social democracy has been historically supported by the trade unions 
and has consequently favoured more social spending supported by higher 
corporate and wealth taxes. The Republicans and European conservative parties 
have been more closely tied to the corporations and have resisted the expansion 
of the welfare state. .

The sharp decline of the unions since the 70’s has been accompanied by an 
accelerated assault on the welfare state and its contraction, pushed 
aggressively by the conservatives with the collusion of the liberal parties 
placed on the defensive. Societies have become more polarized and the political 
gap within the ruling class has widened under pressure from discontented forces 
both within and outside of the party establishments. However, there is no mass 
movement of the left comparable to that which threatened the system in the 19th 
and 20th centuries, especially following the Russian Revolution and the 
appearance of mass Communist parties. It is that which provoked the fascist 
reaction encouraged and funded by capitalists who felt most under threat.

While Trump’s boisterous posturing invites comparisons, his administration has 
more in common with the tradition embodied by Ronald Reagan than with the 
single-party dictatorships of Hitler and Mussolini.

I’m attaching an article published several months ago surveying the policies of 
Project 2025 and their partial implementation with respect to democratic rights 
and social programs to date. I respectfully invite Tony and Hari to indicate 
which programmatic elements represent a throwback to fascism or Bonapartism 
rather than bourgeois democracy.

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5yvvjw8pdvo


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