So far as has been evidenced here, Marx spoke about Bonapartism in connection 
with only one historical instance, Louis Bonaparte. There is one other notable 
use of the term: Trotsky applied it to the Soviet Union. A generally 
sympathetic academic examined this instance. From his article:

As early as 1928, Trotsky started describing the regime within this theoretical 
framework, as “Kerenskyism in reverse.” This model clearly framed much of his 
thinking on Stalinism as Trotsky would reference Soviet Bonapartism in over a 
hundred articles and interviews over the next dozen years. Throughout the early 
1930s Trotsky repeatedly used the Bonapartist state paradigm in general terms, 
though, as Twiss describes, sometimes inconsistently, favouring the term 
“bureaucratic centrism” or referring to Bonapartism in the future tense as a 
potential force for the restoration of capitalism.  By early 1935 he moved to a 
more precise definition specifically comparing the regime to the First Empire, 
arguing the the political conquest of Thermidor had occurred a decade earlier 
with the defeat of the 1924 Opposition. Yet, just as Napoleon did not  
“reestablish the economy of feudalism” argued Trotsky, “the social content of 
the dictatorship of the bureaucracy is determined by those productive relations 
that were created by the proletarian revolution.”
– 
https://www.historicalmaterialism.org/trotsky-and-the-problem-of-soviet-bureaucracy/

So far, it appears that the term Bonapartism has been used mainly by Trotsky 
and then his followers, secondarily by liberal political scientists, and rarely 
by Marxist theorists.


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