On this issue, the evidence for the trichotomy (Mark Token Type) is overwhelming. Just look at the first instance in the Prolegomena, or the copy in CP 4.537 where Peirce adopts 'Tone' as the name of the first item in the trichotomy: "An indefinite significant character such as a tone of voice can neither be called a Type nor a Token."
The word 'tone' in that example is a very special case that is limited to the sound of a voice that is speaking something. I have a high regard for Peirce's choices, but the word 'tone' applies to a tiny subset of marks. Just look at Peirce's definition of mark in Baldwin's dictionary. Every tone is a mark, which may also be a token of some type. But only a tiny subset of marks are tones. I have a high regard for Peirce's decisions, but when he himself has doubts about his previous choice, that is not a solid endorsement. There is no ethical reason for keeping it. Now go to the letter to Welby (also CP 8.363): "From the summer of 1905 to the same time in 1906, I devoted much study to my ten trichotomies of signs. It is time I reverted to the subject, as I know I could now make it much clearer. But I dare say some of my former names are better than those I now use. I formerly called a Potisign a Tinge or Tone, an Actisign a Token, a Famisign a Type;... CP 367. "an Abstractive must be a Mark, while a Type must be a Collective, which shows how I conceived Abstractives and Collectives... Note Peirce's choice of Mark. That is consistent with his definition of 'mark' in Baldwin's dictionary. That was written before 1903, when the only trichotomy was "Icon Index Symbol". Every tone of voice is a mark, but most marks are not tones of voice or tones of anything else. Note that Peirce had also considered the word 'tinge' instead of 'tone'. Every tinge is also a mark. JAS: his final choice of "tone" (R 339, 27 Dec 1908, https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:15255301$636i). I admit that he slipped back to an old (bad) habit in that example two days later. But that example does not negate (1) the fact that a tone of voice is a limited special case of a mark, as in his own definition in Balwin's dictionary; (2) the fact that he had coined the word 'potisign' as a general technical term for the first item in the trichotomy; (3) the fact that he selected 'mark', not 'tone', as the replacement for potisign; and finally (4) the modern world has adopted Peirce's terms 'token' and 'type', but not 'tone'. But I have found from my lectures and writings that modern logicians, philosophers, and computer scientists very readily accept the trichotomy (mark token type), but not (tone token type). Since Peirce was always writing for the future, that makes 'mark' the choice for the future. A tone is a limited and confusing special case of mark. On this point, Tony made the correct choice. The word 'tone' should be used ONLY in exact quotations of Peirce's MSS. In all discussions of Peirce's system in the 21st C, (Mark Token Type) is the recommended choice. John ---------------------------------------- From: "Jon Alan Schmidt" <jonalanschm...@gmail.com> John, List: JFS: That definition shows that two things that have the same mark are two tokens of the same type. This is another reason why "tone" is a better choice than "mark" for "an indefinite significant character such as a tone of voice." Two things can have different tones, yet be tokens of the same type; and two things can have (some of) the same tones, yet be tokens of different types. JFS: It confirms Peirce's final choice. Indeed--his final choice of "tone" (R 339, 27 Dec 1908, https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:15255301$636i). Regards, Jon Alan Schmidt - Olathe, Kansas, USA Structural Engineer, Synechist Philosopher, Lutheran Christian www.LinkedIn.com/in/JonAlanSchmidt / twitter.com/JonAlanSchmidt On Wed, Apr 3, 2024 at 8:14 PM John F Sowa <s...@bestweb.net> wrote: Jon, I forgot to thank you for including the link to Peirce's definition of 'mark': Peirce presents in his entry for it in Baldwin's Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology (https://gnusystems.ca/BaldwinPeirce.htm#Mark) Yes indeed. That definition shows that two things that have the same mark are two tokens of the same type. It confirms Peirce's final choice. John
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