On Apr 15, 2013, at 2:02 PM, Julio Huato wrote:
On Mon, Apr 15, 2013 at 12:36 PM, Perelman, Michael
<[email protected]> wrote:
I am not sure that the English speaking world needed Hegel to learn
the word
freedom. People spoke about free men (not women, of course), well
before
Hegel. The term franklin denotes a member of a social class or
rank in
England in the 12th to 15th centuries. In the period when Middle
English was
in use, a franklin was simply a freeman; that is, a man who was not
a serf,
in the feudal system under which people were tied to land which
they did not
own, in bondage to a member of the nobility who owned that land.
Every human being could learn from Hegel, about freedom and a whole
bunch of other things. It seems to me that the notion of freedom in
the English-speaking world is rather narrow.
In their medieval origins, the terms "burgher" and "bourgeois," like
the Latin "civis," pointed to the intimate connection between freedom
and civilization. The slave in Rome received citizenship upon
manumission. The serf's desire for freedom was not expressed in
jacqueries but in the maxim "stadtluft macht frei" (to breath city air
is to be free).
Shane Mage
This cosmos did none of gods or men make, but it
always was and is and shall be: an everlasting fire,
kindling in measures and going out in measures.
Herakleitos of Ephesos
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