*inilah praktek yg diterima civilized society..*
*di posting tempohari disebutkan bhw di sicilia, cw yg dijual umurnya 5
tahun...*
*.. *
*..*
*
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*
*Factbook on Global Sexual Exploitation*
*Italy*
------------------------------
*Trafficking*
More than 8,000 Albanian girls are prostituted in Italy, and more than 30%
of them are under 18 years, stressed participants of a seminar in Tirana,
Albania on the international traffic of women and children. The main reason
for this trafficking is the economic inequality between richer countries
and the poverty in Albania. The speakers asked governments and politicians
to take measures to ensure that human rights are respected. (G.J. Koja,
"8000 Albanian Girls Work as Prostitutes in Italy," HURINet The Human
Rights Information Network, 25 July 1998)
In Milan, Italy, 80% of street prostitutes are foreigners (Brussa, 1995,
p.49) ("Trafficking of Women to the European Union: Characteristic, Trends
and Policy Issues," European Conference on Trafficking in Women, June 1996,
IOM, 7 May 1996)
There are 19,000-25,000 foreign prostitutes in Italy. Approximately 2,000
have been trafficked. (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women
for Sexual Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996)
The victims of trafficking are between age 17-20, *with some as young as 14.
* (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual
Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996)
Education levels of women trafficked into Italy vary. Some, particularly
from Nigeria, have never attended schools; others, especially the older
women, have university degrees. (Migrant Information Programme,
"Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996)
The majority of the women and girls trafficked into Italy reported that
they had not engaged in prostitution in their home country. Entry into
Italy was usually legal on a tourist or entertainment visa. (Migrant
Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation to
Italy," IOM, June 1996)
In 1994 three legal complaints of forcing someone into slavery were filed.
(Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual
Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996)
In Milan, women abducted from the countries of the former Soviet Union were
auctioned on blocks, and sold at an average price of just under US$1,000.
(Michael Specter, "Traffickers New Cargo: Naive Slavic Women," *New York
Times*, 11 January 1998)
Foreign women in "call girl" prostitution in Italy are from Poland, Russia,
Colombia and Argentina and to a lesser extent from Brazil, Hungary, Romania
and the Philippines. Frequently they have been in prostitution in their
home country. (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for
Sexual Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996)
75-80% of the women trafficked for prostitution in Italy are in street
prostitution. Those to whom they are indentured often use violence against
women. (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual
Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996)
In Italy, trafficked and/or prostituted Polish women arrived around 1989,
followed, in 1992, by Nigerians and some Peruvians and Colombians. Between
1993 and 1994 Albanians came and, by 1995, it was Albanians and Nigerians. (
*European Race Audit Bulletin *No. 25, The Institute of Race Relations,
London UK, 25 November 1997)
Rome is the concentrated region of trafficked Albanian and Nigerian women
brought for the purpose of prostitution. (*European Race Audit Bulletin* No.
25, The Institute of Race Relations, London UK, 25 November 1997)
Girls and women trafficked to Italy are typically single, aged 14-18, and
less frequently aged 19-24 (Caritas, *European Race Audit Bulletin* No. 25,
The Institute of Race Relations, London UK, 25 November 1997)
Italy was a holding area for Asian children being trafficked by Chinese and
Japanese criminal gangs ("Pedophilia ring uncovered in Italy," *USA Today*,
Nov. 1997)
Foreigners Charged for Encouraging, Exploiting and Aiding and
Abetting Prostitution. Sex and Countries of Origin, Year 1994
*Countries of origin**No. of persons charged**# of women**Europe**168**19*
Austria41Belgium10Denmark10France30Germany20Greece21Luxembourg11Albania702Czech
Republic30Ex-Yugoslavia6511Poland41Romania30Turkey10Hungary31Ex-URSS51*
Africa**57**17*Algeria10Cameroon11Egypt20Ghana21Ethiopia82Morocco30Nigeria18
9Senegal51Tunisia121Others52*Asia**4**1*Syria10Thailand11Others20*South
America**29**18*Argentina22Brazil73Colombia73Peru65Uruguay75*Total**258**55*
Source: ISTAT, Yearbook 1994
*Methods and Techniques of Traffickers*
Albanian women and girls trafficked into Italy were usually recruited
informally by friends or relatives. There is usually a relationship between
the trafficked woman and her traffickers. Traffickers are often young
criminals, attracted by the possibility of earning easy money. This traffic
in Albanian women tends to be organized by independent groups operating on
a small scale. (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for
Sexual Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996)
Trafficking from Nigeria is especially well organized, and centers around a
female figure called "Mama" who plays a key role in persuading young women
to leave their homes for Italy. Women are recruited by means of deception,
physical threats or payments made to the womens families. The women are
particularly easily controlled because they and their families are forced
to pay back huge debts to the trafficking organization for the cost of
their trip and related expenses. It can take several years to pay off these
debts. (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual
Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996)
Prostitution is hidden by women claiming they are in socially accepted
jobs, such as hostesses and dancers, beauticians, masseuses, strippers,
pornographic video actresses, entertainers. Women in these positions are
frequently trafficked. Many women were in similar circumstances in their
home country and got work permits in Italy as "artists." Some women are
aware of what they are going to do in Italy; some are intentionally
deceived with prospects of an artistic career as dancers or actresses. This
type of prostitution generally involves women from Central and Eastern
Europe, Brazil, Colombia and, less frequently, the Philippines. (Migrant
Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation to
Italy," IOM, June 1996)
Traffickers use the same migration routes and methods that are generally
used for illegal migration from Albania. They use fishing boats to the
limit of territorial waters and small boats to the Italian coast
(especially on the Otranto Channel, between Pulgias southern coast and
Albania, or along the Calabrian coast southwards, or the coast of Abruzzo
northwards), or the coast route along the eastern Adriatic coast
northwards. The total cost of the journey is around US$ 2,800 to 5,000
depending on the route and the expected difficulties. (Migrant Information
Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation to Italy," IOM,
June 1996)
Nigerian girls are contracted in the suburbs of cities, such as Lagos or
Benin City, and in the countryside in the south and east. Madams act as
"go-betweens" for girls and women and the traffickers. Money is sent to the
madam to pay the debt to the traffickers and to the girls families.
(Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual
Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996)
There are three levels of organization in the trafficking of Nigerian women
and girls: the first centers around the "Mama" living in the country of
origin; the second centers around the Nigerian "Mama" in Italy; and the
third, the "messengers," the persons transferring the money from Italy to
Nigeria. (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual
Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996)
Debts for travel are supposed to be paid off in 6 months, but in the
majority of the cases after three or four years, the girls are still in
prostitution to pay back the debt they owe. (Migrant Information Programme,
"Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996)
A Nigerian madam, or "Mama," supervises and controls the women and girls.
She organizes their activities and collects their profits in Italy. The
women physically and psychologically fear the "Mama." (Migrant Information
Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation to Italy," IOM,
June 1996)
Very few of the women trafficked to Italy wish to return to their country
of origin. Some say there are no opportunities there. Some fear reprisals
from the traffickers, and others are ashamed to return without being able
to show that they have been successful abroad. (Migrant Information
Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation to Italy," IOM,
June 1996)
*Case*
A trafficking ring operating in Italy headed by Chinese and Japanese
criminals sold at least 15 children into prostitution in the United States
in one month. A Cambodian man, traveling under false documents with four
children, was arrested in Rome in November 1996. He was convicted of
illegal immigration and receiving stolen goods, and is still under
investigation on suspicion of involvement in an international sex ring.
(Pitero Forno, Prosecutor, "Pedophilia ring uncovered in Italy," USA Today,
Nov. 1997) [catw log9711b] & (ANSA, "Pedophilia ring uncovered in Italy," *USA
Today*, Nov. 1997)
*Policy and Law*
There is no specific legislation in Italy that defines the crime of
trafficking in women. (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women
for Sexual Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996)
The Merlin Law of 1958 decriminalized prostitution if it is practiced
privately, forbids prostitution in brothels, and criminalizes those who
exploit prostitutes or lead women into prostitution, including foreign
women. Such crimes are punishable even if committed in a foreign country.
(Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual
Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996)
A foreigner who brings a migrant woman into Italy for the purpose of
prostitution can, by law, be jailed for up to 7 years. (Migrant Information
Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation to Italy," IOM,
June 1996)
*Official Response and Action*
Right-wing parties have called upon the authorities to stop prostitution
networks that are run by Albanians. 2/3 of the 15,329 Albanian women in
Italy holding work permits are in prostitution. Despite this, in the drive
to combat illegal immigration, Italian authorities have not yet targeted
the sex industry as a focus for action. (Lara Santoro, "For Italys Flood
of Immigrants Being on the Lam Beats Poverty: Albanians by the
Boatload," *Christian
Science Monitor*, 7 January 1997)
United States President Bill Clinton and Italian Prime Minister Romano
Prodi together have officially recognized and addressed trafficking in
women and children for the purpose of forced prostitution. They have
established a working group in order to deal with the problem. ("Clinton,
Prodi discuss slave trade," *United Press International*, 6 May 1998)
The number of persons charged with encouraging, exploiting and aiding and
abetting prostitution in Italy has increased from 285 in 1990 to 737 in
1994. In 1994, 35% (258) were foreigners. The number of persons charged
seems to be higher in regions of Italy where there are large numbers of
foreign immigrants such as Lombardy and Lazio. (Migrant Information
Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation to Italy," IOM,
June 1996)
**
*Prostitution*
Women in the Italian sex industry come from several world regions,
including Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Eastern Europe. Communication
among prostitutes of different nationalities does not occur. (Licia Brussa,
"Transnational AIDS/STD Prevention Among Migrant Prostitutes in Europe,"*
TAMPEP*, 1996)
80 percent of the street prostitutes in Milan are foreigners (Tampep, 1995,
Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual
Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996)
In street prostitution the largest group of migrant women is Nigerians,
followed by Albanians, Russian and Ukrainian women, the rest are Latin
Americans and transsexuals. Two types of pimps control street prostitution:
The first are the same nationality as the women and exploit the women; the
other is mafia organizations. Madams, who are former prostitutes, are
common among the Nigerian women. (Licia Brussa, "Transnational AIDS/STD
Prevention Among Migrant Prostitutes in Europe," *TAMPEP*, 1996)
One prostituted woman per month is killed in Italy. (Police, Michael
Specter, "Traffickers New Cargo: Naive Slavic Women," *New York Times*, 11
January 1998)
Italian prostitutes, with the exception of those who are also drug addicts,
have retreated to apartments and massage or sun-tanning parlours, while
foreign prostitutes charge lower prices and are on the streets. (*European
Race Audit Bulletin* No 25, Institute of Race Relations, London UK, 25
November 1997)
One third of those charged for prostitution-related offenses in 1994 were
of foreigners, mostly from Eastern Europe. 20% of Albanians imprisoned in
Italian jails are held for prostitution-related offenses. (International
Herald Tribune, 10.7.97, *La Republicca* 26.8.97).
*Health and Well-being*
Womens physical and mental well being are harmed by the isolation and
marginalization they suffer by being confined in closed apartments and
their movements restricted. (Licia Brussa, "Transnational AIDS/STD
Prevention Among Migrant Prostitutes in Europe," *TAMPEP*, 1996)
*Policy and Law*
Prostitution is legal in Italy (Merlin Law of 1958) so it is technically
illegal for the police to deport foreign prostituted women. Women who seek
assistance from police are deported because they do not have a valid
resident's permit. (*European Race Audit Bulletin* No. 25, The Institute of
Race Relations, London UK, 25 November 1997)
*Case*
Donato Bilancia of Italy was arrested for the murder of a prostituted
Nigerian woman and in connection with the murders of five other prostituted
women occurring along the Italian Riviera in the past year. (Melanie
Goodfellow, "Suspect held in Italian prostitute slayings," *Reuters*, 7 May
1998)
An HIV-positive prostituted woman in Ravenna, northeast Italy had her
photograph shown in the media after it was discovered that she was bought
by as many as 5,000 men, some were from as far away as Rome. Men favored
her because she didnt insist on a condom being used. The prosecutors
office set up two hotlines for men to call for information. Franco
Grillini, the head of Arcigay, an Italian gay rights group, said men who
demand sex without a condom should be censured also ("Italy HIV Prostitute
Photo Shown," *Associated Press*, 15 February 1998)
**
*Pornography*
17 people were arrested in June 1997 for producing pornographic films
of children
at an elementary school in Naples. (*BBC*, 8 Nov 1997)
On Tue, Nov 20, 2012 at 4:19 AM, Gabriella Rantau <[email protected]>wrote:
> **
>
>
> Si imam dungu itu berkata: "The important thing is that the girl is ready
> and can tolerate marriage!"
>
> Sedang dia dan semua Muslim tahu bhw perempuan apalagi yg masih di bawah
> umur tidak mungkin berani menyangkal, menolak kehendak orang tuanya. Jadi
> spt halnya Aisha dia mau tidak mau ketika baru umur 9 tahun ditiduri oleh
> orang yg sudah 50 tahun. [Dan mnrt hadist sebelum consumating the marriage,
> sang calon suami sering ngejepitin torpedonya di antara paha si anak imut2
> tsb.]
>
> Ini jelas praktik yg tidak bisa diterima civilized society di abad ke-21
> ini.
>
> Gabriella
>
> ________________________________
> From: Bukan Pedanda <[email protected]>
> To: [email protected]
> Sent: Monday, 19 November 2012 9:12 PM
> Subject: [proletar] IPS:Radical Clerics Seek to Legalise Child Brides
>
>
>
>
>
> Islam itu, dan bukan hanya Salafi, sungguh nista dan menjijikkan...
>
> Radical Clerics Seek to Legalise Child Brides
> By Cam McGrath
>
> CAIRO, Nov 14 2012 (IPS) - An ultraconservative Salafi cleric recently
> sparked outrage among Egypt's liberal circles when he attempted to justify
> his opposition to a proposed constitutional article that would outlaw the
> trafficking of women for sex.
>
> Speaking on privately-owned Al-Nas satellite channel, Sheikh Mohamed Saad
> El-Azhary said he feared the proposed article could conflict with the local
> practice of child marriage. He explained that in Egypt, particularly in
> rural areas, there is a culture of marrying off girls as soon as they hit
> puberty.
>
> "The important thing is that the girl is ready and can tolerate marriage,"
> El-Azhary declared.
>
> He went on to protest proposed laws protecting women from violence,
> warning that if allowed to pass husbands could be prosecuted for beating
> their child brides or forcing themselves upon them.
>
> "If you have intercourse with your wife against her will, she will be able
> to file a complaint against you," he said. "That's where things are headed."
>
> Followers of the Salafi trend believe in a literal reading of the Quran
> and hadith (traditions of Prophet Muhammad) and aspire to emulate the
> lifestyle of the Prophet and his companions. Their puritanical approach to
> Islam has put them at odds with secular Muslims and minority groups, who
> denounce their intolerant worldview.
>
> For Salafis, the fundamental justification for child marriage is passages
> in the hadith that state Prophet Muhammad married his third wife when she
> was six years old, and consummated the marriage after her first menses at
> nine.
>
> Sheikh Yasser Borhamy, spokesman for the Salafi Dawah, outlined his
> interpretation of the Quranic texts during an interview with TV presenter
> Wael El-Ebrashy. He argued that Egypt's marriage laws contradict the
> provisions of Sharia (Islamic law), as girls should be married off once
> they reach puberty, or before "if she can".
>
> "If Islam allowed it during the Prophet's time, it will be permissible
> until the End of Days," Borhamy asserted.
>
> While Salafis represent just a small but vocal minority of Egyptians, the
> recent election of an Islamist parliament and president has extended their
> political clout.
>
> But what deeply concerns child rights advocates is that El-Azhary and
> Borhamy are members of the committee tasked with drafting Egypt's new
> constitution. And they are not alone. Other members of the Islamist-stacked
> panel are known to share their views on child marriage and may be
> attempting to enshrine them in the constitution.
>
> "We fought for years to raise the minimum age of marriage for girls (from
> 16) to 18, and now the Islamists want to lower it," says women's rights
> activist Azza Kamel. "There are Salafis arguing it should be as low as
> nine."
> Some battles may have already been lost.
>
> When a copy of the constitution's first draft circulated last month,
> rights advocates were shocked to find that a proposed clause banning the
> trafficking of women had been omitted. Salafi members of the drafting
> committee had argued to have it removed on the grounds that human
> trafficking "does not exist in Egypt" and its mere mention "tarnishes
> Egypt's image."
>
> International agencies strongly disagree. According to a 2010 report by
> the U.S. State Department, human trafficking exists at many levels in
> Egypt. The country is a transit point and destination for trafficked
> African and Asian women and children, who are subjected to forced labour
> and prostitution.
>
> It is also a source of trafficked women, including young girls exploited
> under the guise of marriage.
>
> Local NGO Memphis Foundation for Development says the phenomenon of child
> marriage is widespread in Egypt, particularly in rural areas where parents
> often marry off their daughters early to escape grinding poverty. Research
> conducted in 2008 found that nearly a quarter of all marriages involved
> girls under 16.
>
> Afaf Marei, director of the Egyptian Association for Community
> Participation Enhancement (EACPE), says many of these underage girls are
> sold by their parents to wealthy Gulf Arabs who come to Egypt in search of
> "summer brides".
>
> The marriages are arranged by lawyers who act as brokers, and may last
> from hours to months according to the "dowry" paid to the parents. Often
> the transaction is made without the girl's knowledge or consent.
>
> "These marriages are a form of trafficking women (under the pretence of)
> Islamic law," says Marei.
>
> The Muslim Brotherhood, the conservative Islamic group that dominated this
> year's parliamentary and presidential polls, has kept a low profile in the
> discourse on child marriage. While some reformists in the group reject the
> practice, its hardline leaders were the principal opponents of the 2008 law
> that raised the minimum marriage age of girls to 18.
>
> Now, as pressure mounts on the constitutional drafting body to have the
> document ready by a Dec. 12 deadline, the Brotherhood's weight could prove
> decisive both on the panel and at the polls. If the constitution goes to a
> referendum without a clause explicitly banning the trafficking of women, it
> is likely to pass given the Brotherhood's ability to rally public support,
> say liberal activists.
>
> "We're fighting to win, but rationally I don't think we can," concedes
> Amal Abdel Hadi, head of the New Women Foundation. "This is just one battle
> and we're fighting the Islamists on even greater issues such as (to
> guarantee) the equality of citizenship." (END)
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
>
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
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