Re: FreeBsd Beginner
On 28/02/2012 05:43, shanib.k.k wrote: Hi am a Ruby on rails developer. I have done a project in ROR and currently its hosted in Ubuntu.Now the requires it to be changed to FreeBSD. As am entirely fresh to FreeBSD i would like to know more about how can configure or install it. The best place to start is by reading the Handbook. Here: http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ One thing that may surprise you is that FreeBSD itself is just the OS kernel, the core libraries and a number of command-line utilities. If you want a windowing system, then you'll need to install one from ports. Similarly, you'll need to install Ruby and all the other gubbins to make your RoR applications work, but the ports makes that pretty easy. Alternatively, you might find PC-BSD easier to get along with. This is a fully featured desktop system built around FreeBSD but with all the usual sort of desktop applications already included. Get it here: http://www.pcbsd.org/ As it's FreeBSD underneath, it makes a good system to learn about FreeBSD before setting up a pure FreeBSD server. Am using Windows OS in my personal system.How can i install FreeBSD in my local system and do a try before configuring in main server directly... You can install FreeBSD as a guest OS in a virtualization system quite readily. It works pretty well with most VMs -- VirtualBox is known to work well, and it's free but whatever you're used to should be fine. Alternatively you can download a DVD or USB MemStick image, and boot from that as a live-system without trashing whatever you already have installed. If you can free up a disk, or a partition (about 5GB is the absolute minimum needed for a useful system, but more is better), then you can install FreeBSD there and make your machine dual boot. Or you can just blow away whatever is on the machine already and start from ground-zero with nothing but FreeBSD. I wouldn't recommend this unless you are quite well versed in FreeBSD already, as otherwise you'll find it quite frustrating before you learn the ropes, and your productivity will nosedive as you do that... Cheers, Matthew -- Dr Matthew J Seaman MA, D.Phil. 7 Priory Courtyard Flat 3 PGP: http://www.infracaninophile.co.uk/pgpkey Ramsgate JID: matt...@infracaninophile.co.uk Kent, CT11 9PW signature.asc Description: OpenPGP digital signature
Re: FreeBsd Beginner
On Tue, 28 Feb 2012 11:13:41 +0530, shanib.k.k wrote: As am entirely fresh to FreeBSD i would like to know more about how can configure or install it. The basic documentation on how to install and configure the system can be found in The FreeBSD Handbook and the FAQ available from the main web site of the project. http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/faq/ Also PC-BSD is worth checking out. If you come from a Windows background and have experiences with Ubuntu Linux, this should look and feel familiar. http://www.pcbsd.org/ But as a developer, you should not have _any_ problems getting started with a pure FreeBSD installation that will then fit your requirements (e. g. a development environment workstation, a test server, or a mixed form of both). Am using Windows OS in my personal system.How can i install FreeBSD in my local system and do a try before configuring in main server directly... You can use the typical means of virtualization that are possible inside a Windows installation. Emulate a full PC and install the system to it. For easily trying out a configured system I recommend having a look at VirtualBSD. http://www.virtualbsd.info/ It can easily be used without installation in a VirtualBox environment which should even be possible in Windows. -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ... ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: jail - beginner questions
The address 192.168.0.11 must be assigned to a interface in the host FreeBSD. You can do it before starting the jail, or when the jail is being started. To assign the address before starting the jail do somthing like this: # ifconfig lnc0 alias 192.168.0.11/24 where lnc0 is the name of nic in the host FreeBSD Great. Here is what I did: sorb# mkdir -p /usr/jails/vm1 sorb# cd /usr/src sorb# setenv D /usr/jails/vm1 sorb# make installworld DESTDIR=$D sorb# make distribution DESTDIR=$D sorb# cat /etc/rc.conf jail_enable=YES jail_list=vm1 jail_vm1_rootdir=/usr/jails/vm1 jail_vm1_hostname=vm1.localdomain jail_vm1_ip=192.168.0.11 jail_vm1_interface=lnc0 jail_vm1_devfs_enable=YES jail_vm1_devfs_ruleset=vm1_ruleset ^D sorb#mount -t devfs devfs $D /dev sorb# /etc/rc.d/jail start vm1 Configuring jails:. Starting jails:ifconfig: interface lnc0 does not exist vm1.localdomain. See, I do not understand how this works. If I use a real physical interface then it works: sorb# ifconfig re0: flags=8843UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST metric 0 mtu 1500 options=389bRXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM,WOL_UCAST,WOL_MCAST,WOL_MAGIC ether 00:1a:4d:7b:cf:d6 inet X.X.X.X netmask 0xff00 broadcast X.X.X.255 inet 192.168.0.11 netmask 0x broadcast 192.168.0.11 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX full-duplex) status: active where X.X.X.X is my public internet IP address. But I do not like this. I do not want to expose my jail's private IP address to the internet. Am I too paranoid? Should I just add rules like ipfw add 1000 allow all from X.X.X.X to 192.168.0.11 ipfw add 1001 allow all from 192.168.0.11 to X.X.X.X ipfw add 1002 deny all from any to 192.168.0.11 ipfw add 1003 deny all from 192.168.0.11 to any and be happy? Or would it be better to create a virtual ethernet interface for my jails? Somehow? d.) It requires to use firewall either ipfw or pf. For example you can add to your /etc/pf.conf: nat on lnc0 from 192.168.0.11 to any - 192.168.37.133 But the firewall requires more lines then this one to work correcly with all network traffic. And you have to know exactly what you want to get for using it. I'm using ipfw. I think I'll use natd+divert on the host. Thank you very much! I feel I'm over the hard part. :-) Laszlo ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: jail - beginner questions
Laszlo Nagy gand...@shopzeus.com writes: I do not want to expose my jail's private IP address to the internet. Use loopback interface and 127.x.x.x address. -- WBR, bsam ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: jail - beginner questions
I really think that it should be corrected to: cd /usr/src make distribution DESTDIR=$D That's almost certainly correct, but it notes: Notes [1] This step is not required on FreeBSD 6.0 and later. But then I get this error in syslog: bind: Can't assign requested address That's a general ntworking error. We'd need to see your ifconfig(8)/netstat(8) -rn and rc.conf(5) network settings to figure that out. ~BAS ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: jail - beginner questions
On Wed, Nov 18, 2009 at 09:09:32AM +0100, Laszlo Nagy wrote: Great. Here is what I did: sorb# mkdir -p /usr/jails/vm1 sorb# cd /usr/src sorb# setenv D /usr/jails/vm1 sorb# make installworld DESTDIR=$D sorb# make distribution DESTDIR=$D sorb# cat /etc/rc.conf jail_enable=YES jail_list=vm1 jail_vm1_rootdir=/usr/jails/vm1 jail_vm1_hostname=vm1.localdomain jail_vm1_ip=192.168.0.11 jail_vm1_interface=lnc0 jail_vm1_devfs_enable=YES jail_vm1_devfs_ruleset=vm1_ruleset ^D sorb#mount -t devfs devfs $D /dev sorb# /etc/rc.d/jail start vm1 Configuring jails:. Starting jails:ifconfig: interface lnc0 does not exist vm1.localdomain. See, I do not understand how this works. If I use a real physical interface then it works: sorb# ifconfig re0: flags=8843UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST metric 0 mtu 1500 options=389bRXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM,WOL_UCAST,WOL_MCAST,WOL_MAGIC ether 00:1a:4d:7b:cf:d6 inet X.X.X.X netmask 0xff00 broadcast X.X.X.255 inet 192.168.0.11 netmask 0x broadcast 192.168.0.11 media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX full-duplex) status: active I thought that your physical interface is the lnc0 on the host FreeBSD. The jail startup script doesn't create any interfaces itself. It uses any interface that extists in the host OS, and sets the ip address on it. So, you can use either re0 or lo0. where X.X.X.X is my public internet IP address. But I do not like this. I do not want to expose my jail's private IP address to the internet. Am I too paranoid? Should I just add rules like ipfw add 1000 allow all from X.X.X.X to 192.168.0.11 ipfw add 1001 allow all from 192.168.0.11 to X.X.X.X ipfw add 1002 deny all from any to 192.168.0.11 ipfw add 1003 deny all from 192.168.0.11 to any and be happy? Or would it be better to create a virtual ethernet interface for my jails? Somehow? If you want to hide your jail then you can use the interface lo0. jail_vm1_interface=lo0 Suppose that your public ip address is 192.168.201.50. Then start the natd: # natd -a 192.168.201.50 and add to ipfw these divert rules: # ipfw add 10 divert natd all from any to 192.168.201.50 in # ipfw add 20 divert natd all from 192.168.0.11 to any out after that add to ipfw rules to allow the traffic diverted above or you can allow all for testing: # ipfw add 30 allow all from any to any Now your jail is hidden from the outer network. But inside the jail the network is working. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: jail - beginner questions
Laszlo Nagy gand...@shopzeus.com writes: I'm experimenting with jails. I have installed a 7.2 stable FreeBSD inside vmware. Then I have created two jails, using the method written in the handbook: http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/jails-build.html The only thing that didn't work is this: cd /etc make distribution DESTDIR=$D I really think that it should be corrected to: cd /usr/src make distribution DESTDIR=$D No, I think you added the '/' before 'etc', which isn't in the web page. After mounting devfs (mount -t devfs devfs /vm1/dev) I try to start it: /etc/rc.d/vm1 start vm1 But then I get this error in syslog: bind: Can't assign requested address Here is the config from /etc/rc.conf (in the host): jail_enable=YES# Set to NO to disable starting of any jails jail_list=vm1 vm2 # Space separated list of names of jails jail_vm1_rootdir=/vm1 # jail's root directory jail_vm1_hostname=vm1.localdomain # jail's hostname jail_vm1_ip=192.168.0.11 # jail's IP address jail_vm1_devfs_enable=YES # mount devfs in the jail jail_vm1_devfs_ruleset=vm1_ruleset # devfs ruleset to apply to jail jail_vm2_rootdir=/vm2 # jail's root directory jail_vm2_hostname=vm2.localdomain # jail's hostname jail_vm2_ip=192.168.0.12 # jail's IP address jail_vm2_devfs_enable=YES # mount devfs in the jail jail_vm2_devfs_ruleset=vm2_ruleset # devfs ruleset to apply to jail Is the problem perhaps in your /etc/rc.d/vm1 script? Normally you would use /etc/rc.d/jail. Are those addresses already assigned on the host? Was the jail perhaps already running? -- Lowell Gilbert, embedded/networking software engineer, Boston area http://be-well.ilk.org/~lowell/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: jail - beginner questions
No, I think you added the '/' before 'etc', which isn't in the web page. Gotcha. Is the problem perhaps in your /etc/rc.d/vm1 script? Normally you would use /etc/rc.d/jail. Yes, I'm. Sorry - it was a typo. I used this: /etc/rc.d/jail start vm1 Are those addresses already assigned on the host? Was the jail perhaps already running? My computer is a windows machine, with address 192.168.0.X Then the FreeBSD host is actually a guest os running in wvmare. It has address 192.168.37.133 And finally, the vm1 jail should have 192.168.0.11 I don't know why 192.168.0.11 is not working for the jail. Anyway, if I change the jail's address to 192.168.10.11 then /etc/rc.d/jail start vm1 Starting jails: vm1.localdomain. Now the next question: how can I access the hosted (jailed) OS? I know it is a dumb question, but I have no idea. I would like to: a.) run sshd in the jail b.) login from the host to the jailed (hosted) OS c.) install programs on the jail, configure them and finally d.) use NATD to divert some pacakges from the host to the jail and back Probably this is what everybody does, so if you could point me to a tutorial or something, I would appriciate it. Thanks, Laszlo ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: jail - beginner questions
On Tue, Nov 17, 2009 at 10:41:14PM +0430, Laszlo Nagy wrote: My computer is a windows machine, with address 192.168.0.X Then the FreeBSD host is actually a guest os running in wvmare. It has address 192.168.37.133 And finally, the vm1 jail should have 192.168.0.11 I don't know why 192.168.0.11 is not working for the jail. Anyway, if I change the jail's address to 192.168.10.11 then /etc/rc.d/jail start vm1 Starting jails: vm1.localdomain. The address 192.168.0.11 must be assigned to a interface in the host FreeBSD. You can do it before starting the jail, or when the jail is being started. To assign the address before starting the jail do somthing like this: # ifconfig lnc0 alias 192.168.0.11/24 where lnc0 is the name of nic in the host FreeBSD And you can add to /etc/rc.conf: ifconfig_lnc0_alias0=inet 192.168.0.11/24 to assign the address then the host FreeBSD is booting. To assing the address when the jail is being started just add to /etc/rc.conf this: jail_vm1_interface=lnc0 This way is preferred. Now the next question: how can I access the hosted (jailed) OS? I know it is a dumb question, but I have no idea. I would like to: a.) run sshd in the jail b.) login from the host to the jailed (hosted) OS c.) install programs on the jail, configure them and finally d.) use NATD to divert some pacakges from the host to the jail and back b.) 1. get the jails list: # jls JID IP Address Hostname Path 9 192.168.64.14 mx1.loc /store/jail/mx1 8 192.168.64.25 nslst.loc /store/jail/nslst 2. select required jail by JID, for example 9 for mx1.loc and do: # jexec 9 tcsh 3. you're in a.) Login inside the jail. Now add to /etc/rc.conf sshd_enable=YES and execute: # /etc/rc.d/sshd start c.) When you're inside the jail you can install software like in the host system. You can use the pkg_add or the ports system. d.) It requires to use firewall either ipfw or pf. For example you can add to your /etc/pf.conf: nat on lnc0 from 192.168.0.11 to any - 192.168.37.133 But the firewall requires more lines then this one to work correcly with all network traffic. And you have to know exactly what you want to get for using it. Probably this is what everybody does, so if you could point me to a tutorial or something, I would appriciate it. Thanks, Laszlo ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: another beginner-type question.
On Mon, Jul 21, 2008 at 12:51:28PM -0700, Gary Kline wrote: i could do this kwik and dirty, and type in/fix any anomalies later, but it would be nice to know. I've already tried 1, /CENTER d and a other such. zip. % sed -e 1,/CENTER/d junk.in junk.out -- David Kelly N4HHE, [EMAIL PROTECTED] Whom computers would destroy, they must first drive mad. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: another beginner-type question.
On Mon, Jul 21, 2008 at 03:09:46PM -0500, David Kelly wrote: On Mon, Jul 21, 2008 at 12:51:28PM -0700, Gary Kline wrote: i could do this kwik and dirty, and type in/fix any anomalies later, but it would be nice to know. I've already tried 1, /CENTER d and a other such. zip. % sed -e 1,/CENTER/d junk.in junk.out thanks, david. i was havinf cofffee when i thought sed! but was way off on the syntax. gary -- David Kelly N4HHE, [EMAIL PROTECTED] Whom computers would destroy, they must first drive mad. -- Gary Kline [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.thought.org Public Service Unix http://jottings.thought.org http://transfinite.thought.org ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: another beginner-type question.
On Mon, Jul 21, 2008 at 01:32:57PM -0700, Gary Kline wrote: On Mon, Jul 21, 2008 at 03:09:46PM -0500, David Kelly wrote: On Mon, Jul 21, 2008 at 12:51:28PM -0700, Gary Kline wrote: I've already tried 1, /CENTER d and a other such. zip. % sed -e 1,/CENTER/d junk.in junk.out thanks, david. i was havinf cofffee when i thought sed! but was way off on the syntax. Not so far off, just one more / and you were there. -- David Kelly N4HHE, [EMAIL PROTECTED] Whom computers would destroy, they must first drive mad. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: another beginner-type question.
On Mon, Jul 21, 2008 at 03:09:46PM -0500, David Kelly wrote: On Mon, Jul 21, 2008 at 12:51:28PM -0700, Gary Kline wrote: i could do this kwik and dirty, and type in/fix any anomalies later, but it would be nice to know. I've already tried 1, /CENTER d and a other such. zip. % sed -e 1,/CENTER/d junk.in junk.out im taking this off-list so i dont show any further ignorance but i've tried everything SED i can think of without direct success [1], but want to know *how* to delete from /CENTER to EOF. sometimes sed spat out stderr messages, usually failed by printing the file to stdout. so when you have time, can you please show me? gary [1]. Indirectly, i used -e '/\/CENTER/d' (c) to get rid of thee last 3 lines. Beats vi'ing 70+ times! -- Gary Kline [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.thought.org Public Service Unix http://jottings.thought.org http://transfinite.thought.org ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: another beginner-type question.
On Mon, Jul 21, 2008 at 04:13:53PM -0500, David Kelly wrote: On Mon, Jul 21, 2008 at 01:32:57PM -0700, Gary Kline wrote: On Mon, Jul 21, 2008 at 03:09:46PM -0500, David Kelly wrote: On Mon, Jul 21, 2008 at 12:51:28PM -0700, Gary Kline wrote: I've already tried 1, /CENTER d and a other such. zip. % sed -e 1,/CENTER/d junk.in junk.out thanks, david. i was havinf cofffee when i thought sed! but was way off on the syntax. Not so far off, just one more / and you were there. i'm more used to ed,ex, sh and some simple[r] tool. but the thing with gsed --- and REALLY the java;) got me going. i *did* try the man page that was when i really threw in the towel. gary -- David Kelly N4HHE, [EMAIL PROTECTED] Whom computers would destroy, they must first drive mad. -- Gary Kline [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.thought.org Public Service Unix http://jottings.thought.org http://transfinite.thought.org ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: a beginner
On Fri, Oct 12, 2007 at 11:47:17AM -0400, Connie Webb wrote: Please help as I don't know where to begin. I forgot one more important thing. Subscribe to this list -- FreeBSD-questions and probably at least FreeBSD-announce and maybe FreeBSD-newbies and read through all the discussions. Some you will learn to ignore and you will also learn to filter out the flame wars - which are surprisingly few on the FreeBSD lists, compared to some others. Once you have read and tried things in the handbook, if you have more specific questions - and you will - then post them to this or one of the other FreeBSD lists or the list for which ever port you are trying to manage. People here are pretty good about answering questions if you have made the good effort to find answers yourself, but can get a little sarcastic, if it is apparent that you haven't done your homework yet. jerry Connie Webb Montgomery County Courts Helpdesk Specialist 41 N. Perry Street Dayton, Ohio Phone: 937-225-3480 email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: a beginner
Connie, I'm beginner, too. On Fri, 2007-10-12 at 11:47 -0400, Connie Webb wrote: Please help as I don't know where to begin. I guess you need first to have a look at Documentation's section on FreeBSD WWW site. Here is the link: http://www.freebsd.org/docs.html In my case, actually I need to learn reading and writing in English as a first step. Then I can read and understand the above link ;; May the FreeBSD be with you! Sincerely, -- Byung-Hee HWANG [EMAIL PROTECTED] Friendship is everything. Friendship is more than talent. -- Vito Corleone, Chapter 1, page 38 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: a beginner
Connie Webb wrote: Please help as I don't know where to begin. What are your specific goals? ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: a beginner
On Friday 12 October 2007 17:47:17 Connie Webb wrote: Please help as I don't know where to begin. http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/getting-started.html Connie Webb Montgomery County Courts Helpdesk Specialist :D -- Mel ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: a beginner
On Fri, 12 Oct 2007 11:47:17 -0400
Connie Webb [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Please help as I don't know where to begin.
No problems. what would you like to do? :)
silliness aside, if u mean 'being with freebsd', you should start with the
Handbook, which you can find online @ freebsd.org, under documentation.
B
_
{Beto|Norberto|Numard} Meijome
I was born not knowing and have had only a little time to change that here and
there.
Richard Feynman
I speak for myself, not my employer. Contents may be hot. Slippery when wet.
Reading disclaimers makes you go blind. Writing them is worse. You have been
Warned.
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Re: a beginner
Hello, On 10/12/07, Connie Webb [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Please help as I don't know where to begin. It is not clear from your email what do you want to do and what you have done up to know. If you do not have FreeBSD already installed you can start from Installing FreeBSD chapter in the handbook: http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install.html. I had to repeat the installation two or three times because I was not satisfied with my partition layout or with the initial packages I had installed and just because I wanted to play with it and get comfortable. If you have FreeBSD already installed then proceed with the next chapters of the handbook: http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/. Regards Rambius -- Tangra Mega Rock: http://www.radiotangra.com ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: a beginner
On Fri, Oct 12, 2007 at 11:47:17AM -0400, Connie Webb wrote: Please help as I don't know where to begin. Presuming what you want to begin is learning and using FreeBSD, the first thing is to start studying the extensive documentation that is available. See: http://www.freebsd.org/docs.html Especially read the FreeBSD Handbook: http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ But, some of the other parts of documentation are helpful too. For Newbies gives a brief overview. Publications lists lots of things published about FreeBSD, but there are more, such as FreeBSD Unleashed which is missing from the list and is pretty good. Note that there may be more recent versions/editions of the books listed. Online Books and Publications lists some of the online magazines and articles describing how people did things with FreeBSD. Don't forget the Manual Pages - usually called 'man pages' which you should install when you install install FreeBSD, but are also available online. But, since it is very difficult to just read stuff and understand it, I would suggest, after reading some of the beginning parts of the Handbook such as 'Getting Started' and 'Installing FreeBSD', commandeering a machine, downloading or buying the install CD for the latest RELEASE version and plugging it in and doing an install. Use it a bit just like that and maybe learn to configure X (x.org) and then after a while of playing so you have some familiarity, read some more, wipe the whole thing and do the install again, for sure with X and add some more things that you want to try, such as a web server (Apache 2.2) and we Client/Browser (Firefox) and get Email set up to your satisfaction. Keep reading the Handbook and other documentation. It will give you ideas for additional things to try and improvements to make. Keep in mind that most of the people who write have favorite things that they advocate. The more religious they sound about it, the more likely it is that there are other ways that may work just as well and, for your specific purposes, whatever they are, even better. So, try to stand a little above the religious wars. For example, at the moment one of the hot wars seems to be about Email MTAs (Mail Transfer Agents). They all work just fine for some applications and situations. Sendmail, which comes included in a base install, can be a little confusing to configure, but it comes included and already configured to work for a basic setup (which most people never get beyond on a personal server), so, until you move to some more complicated/demanding situation (many thousands of accounts with different rules for each or whatever), there is little need to worry about it. Just learn from it. etc, etc, etc. Another one that initiates religious wars is the text editor to use. VI, Emacs, Vim, many others. Try a few and find a favorite, but learn to use 'vi' at least well enough to get by. The reason is that vi is always available in UNIX systems (including FreeBSD) and much system management seems to assume you are using vi. So, you are going to get stuck with it at times and, like many things, once you get used to it, it will seem almost second nature. I wrote up a page on learning to use very basic vi. It doesn't tell you everything about it. There are many more quite powerful things you can do, but if you learn the basics, you can do almost everything you need to do while managing a FreeBSD (or any other UNIX) system. That page is at: http://z2.cl.msu.edu/~jerrymc/project/editvi/ Unfortunately, it is currently on a machine I have to take down frequently for various work needs. So, if it doesn't come up, check again an hour or so later. It will probably be back up. Have fun. FreeBSD is a very sophisticated and reliable OS, intended for real computer work. It is not just a toy, but once you get used to it, its value becomes more apparent and /usr/ports/... is loaded with eye candy as well as more useful work tools. jerry Connie Webb Montgomery County Courts Helpdesk Specialist 41 N. Perry Street Dayton, Ohio Phone: 937-225-3480 email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: DNS beginner question
The open ports are simply port-forwarded from the router to my internal network (NAT). And I only have one public IP. For me the more important issue is whether DNS would work with private IP addresses. On 7/5/06, David Stanford [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On 7/5/06, Michael S [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi all. I am trying to set up a DNS service. I have 2 FreeBSD machines, one's web and DNS (that I am setting up) and the other FTP. Both machines are behind a router and get local addresses (i.e. 192.168). If DNS, FTP and web ports in the router are open, will I be able to set up the DNS in a way such that when someone from the outside types www.mydomain.com, he'll be taken to the machine that runs apache, and when he types ftp.mydomain.com he'll be taken to the machine which runs ftp? By the way simply typing ftp://mydomain.com and http://mydomain.com does the trick, but I want it to work with prefixes too. Hopefully my question isn't too confusing. Thanks in advance. Michael Hi Michael, You'll have to clarify open regarding the WEB, DNS, and FTP ports on the router. Are they simply port-forwarded to the internal servers (meaning based on service ports) or do you have one-to-one NAT mapping a public IP to an internal for each server? If it's the latter, and each machine has its own public IP, then you can simply set DNS to point to each server respectively: www.mydomain.com - publicIP1 - privateIP1 ftp.mydomain.com - publicIP2 - privateIP2 The real question is whether you have a block of public IPs or just one. But to be honest, you can probably get away with just having a single public IP and using port forwarding as most browsers (including Firfox and IE) recognize the ftp and www subdomains and automatically adjust to that protocol. i.e. ftp.somedomain.com will automatically be translated to ftp://ftp.somedomain.com (ftp.freebsd.org ). -David -- [EMAIL PROTECTED] ~]# fortune Happiness is just an illusion, filled with sadness and confusion. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: DNS beginner question
Yes DNS will work with your port forwarding assuming you have it set up correctly on your router. Are you trying to be the authoritative DNS for your domain? If you are you will still need a secondary DNS. -Derek At 05:56 AM 7/6/2006, Michael S wrote: The open ports are simply port-forwarded from the router to my internal network (NAT). And I only have one public IP. For me the more important issue is whether DNS would work with private IP addresses. On 7/5/06, David Stanford [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On 7/5/06, Michael S [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi all. I am trying to set up a DNS service. I have 2 FreeBSD machines, one's web and DNS (that I am setting up) and the other FTP. Both machines are behind a router and get local addresses (i.e. 192.168). If DNS, FTP and web ports in the router are open, will I be able to set up the DNS in a way such that when someone from the outside types www.mydomain.com, he'll be taken to the machine that runs apache, and when he types ftp.mydomain.com he'll be taken to the machine which runs ftp? By the way simply typing ftp://mydomain.com and http://mydomain.com does the trick, but I want it to work with prefixes too. Hopefully my question isn't too confusing. Thanks in advance. Michael Hi Michael, You'll have to clarify open regarding the WEB, DNS, and FTP ports on the router. Are they simply port-forwarded to the internal servers (meaning based on service ports) or do you have one-to-one NAT mapping a public IP to an internal for each server? If it's the latter, and each machine has its own public IP, then you can simply set DNS to point to each server respectively: www.mydomain.com - publicIP1 - privateIP1 ftp.mydomain.com - publicIP2 - privateIP2 The real question is whether you have a block of public IPs or just one. But to be honest, you can probably get away with just having a single public IP and using port forwarding as most browsers (including Firfox and IE) recognize the ftp and www subdomains and automatically adjust to that protocol. i.e. ftp.somedomain.com will automatically be translated to ftp://ftp.somedomain.com (ftp.freebsd.org ). -David -- [EMAIL PROTECTED] ~]# fortune Happiness is just an illusion, filled with sadness and confusion. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean. MailScanner thanks transtec Computers for their support. -- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean. MailScanner thanks transtec Computers for their support. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: DNS beginner question
Derek, Actually my domain is a subdomain (e.g. mysubdomain.domain.com), and obviously the domain server for domain.com points correctly to my site. What I want to have (mostly for the sake of configuring DNS) is something like www.mysubdomain.domain.com, and ftp.mysubdomain.domain.com. Can my second BSD machine be the secondary DNS? When you say set it up correctly on the router, you mean forwarding the requests from port 53 to the BSD machine, running BIND? Or there are extra steps that I need to take? Thanks a lot. Michael On 7/6/06, Derek Ragona [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Yes DNS will work with your port forwarding assuming you have it set up correctly on your router. Are you trying to be the authoritative DNS for your domain? If you are you will still need a secondary DNS. -Derek At 05:56 AM 7/6/2006, Michael S wrote: The open ports are simply port-forwarded from the router to my internal network (NAT). And I only have one public IP. For me the more important issue is whether DNS would work with private IP addresses. On 7/5/06, David Stanford [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On 7/5/06, Michael S [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi all. I am trying to set up a DNS service. I have 2 FreeBSD machines, one's web and DNS (that I am setting up) and the other FTP. Both machines are behind a router and get local addresses (i.e. 192.168). If DNS, FTP and web ports in the router are open, will I be able to set up the DNS in a way such that when someone from the outside types www.mydomain.com, he'll be taken to the machine that runs apache, and when he types ftp.mydomain.com he'll be taken to the machine which runs ftp? By the way simply typing ftp://mydomain.com and http://mydomain.com does the trick, but I want it to work with prefixes too. Hopefully my question isn't too confusing. Thanks in advance. Michael Hi Michael, You'll have to clarify open regarding the WEB, DNS, and FTP ports on the router. Are they simply port-forwarded to the internal servers (meaning based on service ports) or do you have one-to-one NAT mapping a public IP to an internal for each server? If it's the latter, and each machine has its own public IP, then you can simply set DNS to point to each server respectively: www.mydomain.com - publicIP1 - privateIP1 ftp.mydomain.com - publicIP2 - privateIP2 The real question is whether you have a block of public IPs or just one. But to be honest, you can probably get away with just having a single public IP and using port forwarding as most browsers (including Firfox and IE) recognize the ftp and www subdomains and automatically adjust to that protocol. i.e. ftp.somedomain.com will automatically be translated to ftp://ftp.somedomain.com (ftp.freebsd.org ). -David -- [EMAIL PROTECTED] ~]# fortune Happiness is just an illusion, filled with sadness and confusion. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean. MailScanner thanks transtec Computers for their support. -- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean. MailScanner thanks transtec Computers for their support. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: DNS beginner question
You need a second IP for the secondary server. With a single public IP and port forwarding, you get only one destination. All you need is to add entries to DNS maps for the other host records you want. I assume your DNS is being hosted elseware now, so just have them add the two additional host records. -Derek At 06:33 AM 7/6/2006, Michael S wrote: Derek, Actually my domain is a subdomain (e.g. mysubdomain.domain.com), and obviously the domain server for domain.com points correctly to my site. What I want to have (mostly for the sake of configuring DNS) is something like www.mysubdomain.domain.com, and ftp.mysubdomain.domain.com. Can my second BSD machine be the secondary DNS? When you say set it up correctly on the router, you mean forwarding the requests from port 53 to the BSD machine, running BIND? Or there are extra steps that I need to take? Thanks a lot. Michael On 7/6/06, Derek Ragona [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Yes DNS will work with your port forwarding assuming you have it set up correctly on your router. Are you trying to be the authoritative DNS for your domain? If you are you will still need a secondary DNS. -Derek At 05:56 AM 7/6/2006, Michael S wrote: The open ports are simply port-forwarded from the router to my internal network (NAT). And I only have one public IP. For me the more important issue is whether DNS would work with private IP addresses. On 7/5/06, David Stanford [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On 7/5/06, Michael S [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi all. I am trying to set up a DNS service. I have 2 FreeBSD machines, one's web and DNS (that I am setting up) and the other FTP. Both machines are behind a router and get local addresses (i.e. 192.168). If DNS, FTP and web ports in the router are open, will I be able to set up the DNS in a way such that when someone from the outside types www.mydomain.com, he'll be taken to the machine that runs apache, and when he types ftp.mydomain.com he'll be taken to the machine which runs ftp? By the way simply typing ftp://mydomain.com and http://mydomain.com does the trick, but I want it to work with prefixes too. Hopefully my question isn't too confusing. Thanks in advance. Michael Hi Michael, You'll have to clarify open regarding the WEB, DNS, and FTP ports on the router. Are they simply port-forwarded to the internal servers (meaning based on service ports) or do you have one-to-one NAT mapping a public IP to an internal for each server? If it's the latter, and each machine has its own public IP, then you can simply set DNS to point to each server respectively: www.mydomain.com - publicIP1 - privateIP1 ftp.mydomain.com - publicIP2 - privateIP2 The real question is whether you have a block of public IPs or just one. But to be honest, you can probably get away with just having a single public IP and using port forwarding as most browsers (including Firfox and IE) recognize the ftp and www subdomains and automatically adjust to that protocol. i.e. ftp.somedomain.com will automatically be translated to ftp://ftp.somedomain.com (ftp.freebsd.org ). -David -- [EMAIL PROTECTED] ~]# fortune Happiness is just an illusion, filled with sadness and confusion. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean. MailScanner thanks transtec Computers for their support. -- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean. MailScanner thanks transtec Computers for their support. -- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean. MailScanner thanks transtec Computers for their support. -- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean. MailScanner thanks transtec Computers for their support. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: DNS beginner question
On Wed, Jul 05, 2006 at 10:06:39PM -0400, Michael S wrote: Hi all. I am trying to set up a DNS service. I have 2 FreeBSD machines, one's web and DNS (that I am setting up) and the other FTP. Both machines are behind a router and get local addresses (i.e. 192.168). If DNS, FTP and web ports in the router are open, will I be able to set up the DNS in a way such that when someone from the outside types www.mydomain.com, he'll be taken to the machine that runs apache, and when he types ftp.mydomain.com he'll be taken to the machine which runs ftp? This can be done with the view feature in BIND 9; which can be configured to give different results depending on whether the query is from the local internal network or from the 'Net. Cheers. -- Jonathan Chen [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- With sufficient thrust, pigs fly just fine. However, this is not necessarily a good idea. It is hard to be sure where they are going to land, and it could be dangerous sitting under them as they fly overhead. -- RFC 1925 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: DNS beginner question
On Fri, Jul 07, 2006 at 07:30:16AM +1200, I wrote: [ some totally irrelevant stuff ] Please disregard my last post. I must learn to read before answering. Cheers. -- Jonathan Chen [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- Experience is a hard teacher because she gives the test first, the lesson afterwards ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: DNS beginner question
No problem. Thanks anyway. On 7/6/06, Jonathan Chen [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Fri, Jul 07, 2006 at 07:30:16AM +1200, I wrote: [ some totally irrelevant stuff ] Please disregard my last post. I must learn to read before answering. Cheers. -- Jonathan Chen [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- Experience is a hard teacher because she gives the test first, the lesson afterwards ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: DNS beginner question
Michael, I am trying to set up a DNS service. I have 2 FreeBSD machines, one's web and DNS (that I am setting up) and the other FTP. Both machines are behind a router and get local addresses (i.e. 192.168). If DNS, FTP and web ports in the router are open, will I be able to set up the DNS in a way such that when someone from the outside types www.mydomain.com, he'll be taken to the machine that runs apache, and when he types ftp.mydomain.com he'll be taken to the machine which runs ftp? By the way simply typing ftp://mydomain.com and http://mydomain.com does the trick, but I want it to work with prefixes too. It looks like it is a problem of setting up your router and NAT service on the router, rather than a DNS issue. From the wolrd, mydomain.com, ftp.mydomain.com and www.mydomain.com are seen as a signle IP/host (the public/WAN interface of your router). That is the router that direct traffic to this or that. Olivier ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: DNS beginner question
On 7/5/06, Michael S [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi all. I am trying to set up a DNS service. I have 2 FreeBSD machines, one's web and DNS (that I am setting up) and the other FTP. Both machines are behind a router and get local addresses (i.e. 192.168). If DNS, FTP and web ports in the router are open, will I be able to set up the DNS in a way such that when someone from the outside types www.mydomain.com, he'll be taken to the machine that runs apache, and when he types ftp.mydomain.com he'll be taken to the machine which runs ftp? By the way simply typing ftp://mydomain.com and http://mydomain.com does the trick, but I want it to work with prefixes too. Hopefully my question isn't too confusing. Thanks in advance. Michael Hi Michael, You'll have to clarify open regarding the WEB, DNS, and FTP ports on the router. Are they simply port-forwarded to the internal servers (meaning based on service ports) or do you have one-to-one NAT mapping a public IP to an internal for each server? If it's the latter, and each machine has its own public IP, then you can simply set DNS to point to each server respectively: www.mydomain.com - publicIP1 - privateIP1 ftp.mydomain.com - publicIP2 - privateIP2 The real question is whether you have a block of public IPs or just one. But to be honest, you can probably get away with just having a single public IP and using port forwarding as most browsers (including Firfox and IE) recognize the ftp and www subdomains and automatically adjust to that protocol. i.e. ftp.somedomain.com will automatically be translated to ftp://ftp.somedomain.com (ftp.freebsd.org ). -David -- [EMAIL PROTECTED] ~]# fortune Happiness is just an illusion, filled with sadness and confusion. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: FreeBSD beginner (NetBSD advanced)
I have used a single 256MB mfs on FreeBSD for months without any problem. I was not doing heavy IO on it, it was used in a /tmp fashion and most of the time was swapped out, going down to 8MB resident size at times. softdeps in NetBSD is very buggy. putting very high load like deleting huge tree or unpacking it easily triggers DDB with ffs_something panic :( I have the feeling that NetBSD without softdeps performs much better than FreeBSD. I can live without them on NetBSD. I think you will miss ALTQ. There is a patch for FreeBSD-4.8 at Kenjiro's page. NikV On Friday 16 July 2004 00:50, Wojciech Puchar wrote: Wojciech Puchar wrote: i installed FreeBSD once to do quick performance tests, and at least in disk I/O and fair scheduling it's MUCH better (tested 4.10 and 5.1). It's nice to be welcomed by higher performance when you switch OSes. :-) while high performance is always cool, stable performance is even more important under load. I mean if i do 5 things it shouldn't slow down 100 times. in NetBSD especially if you start large file copying whole system slows down terribly. not true with FreeBSD. softdeps in NetBSD is very buggy. putting very high load like deleting huge tree or unpacking it easily triggers DDB with ffs_something panic :( my questions: 1) what is Buf and Cache in top exactly? why buf on 96MB machine gets to near 20MB and never goes down? it's almost 1/4 of memory size. Cache: number of pages used for VM-level disk caching Buf: number of pages used for BIO-level disk caching can you explain more? (or redirect me to URL about it) is all things double-buffered?!! it would be lots of memory traffic. BTW is mfs usable and stable in FreeBSD? and does it make real sense? in NetBSD mfs is terribly unstable. especially large mfs disks easily crash things. 2) can i compile kernel with -march=pentium,pentium[234] -O2 optimization? in NetBSD 2.0 doing -march=pentium produces kernel that doesn't boot at all, just resets. If you want to tune your system, tweaking the options from GENERIC by removing at least: cpu I386_CPU cpu I486_CPU did this. ...will probably result in the greatest improvement, along with disabling WITNESS and such if using -CURRENT. See man tuning. oh - i never did it... Using -march=pentium is likely to be worthwhile (assuming you don't have a with heavy CPU-bound userland binaries i measured 10-25% gain. 386 :-), higher than that may run into problems. Higher optimizations than -O are not supported, although work is underway to fix the remaining code issues (mainly in libalias used by NAT), as I understand. If you want to try -O2, give it a shot, but you might consider using either -Os rather than -O2, or try -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing. why -Os? it makes slower but smaller code? will lower memory traffic/better cache hitting give more gain than it's lost because of slower code. 3) how can i disable compiling, using etc.. all that LKM (KLD) stuff? i really prefer one static kernel. Read the handbook on building the kernel. what i missed? i already built a kernel, found how to disable modules but all kld stuff is still compiled in! yes i can just do rm *.ko but removing kld from kernel would be even nicer. 4) is IPv6 working well? (i mean no crashes etc...) i will get real IPv6 zone allocation soon and want to use it. IPv6 seems to work well, yes. 5) what is used in FreeBSD for traffic management. NetBSD has altq - please just give me a name i will RTFM. If you want to use that, ipf/altq should be available in -CURRENT. Otherwise, ipfw dummynet is another choice. 6) how to turn using serial port as console on i386? my home machine is headless, i'm using X terminals to access it. See the handbook. 7) does FreeBSD support 2 CPUs on i386? Sure. See the SMP section of the kernel config file. should i go to 4.10 or better 5.2.1? stability is really important to me. 4.10, unless there's a feature from -CURRENT that you don't want to live without. i don't think it is unless 4.10 has: 1) multiCPU 2) traffic shaping 3) nat 4) firewalling 5) IPv6 6) tun device i don't think i need anything more ___ [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: FreeBSD beginner (NetBSD advanced)
I have used a single 256MB mfs on FreeBSD for months without any problem. I was not doing heavy IO on it, it was used in a /tmp fashion and most of the time was swapped out, going down to 8MB resident size at times. does FreeBSD deallocate pages that are unused. NetBSD does not. if you create 100MB file on mfs and delete it, VM size of mfs is still over 100MB. while it will get swapped out it's a kind of nonsense IMHO softdeps in NetBSD is very buggy. putting very high load like deleting huge tree or unpacking it easily triggers DDB with ffs_something panic :( I have the feeling that NetBSD without softdeps performs much better than FreeBSD. I can live without them on NetBSD. i have too. anyway softdeps is big speedup. i tried async and doing sync every 5 seconds. looks good. I think you will miss ALTQ. There is a patch for FreeBSD-4.8 at Kenjiro's page. i read manual page about ipfw yesterday. i think i will not miss :) NikV On Friday 16 July 2004 00:50, Wojciech Puchar wrote: Wojciech Puchar wrote: i installed FreeBSD once to do quick performance tests, and at least in disk I/O and fair scheduling it's MUCH better (tested 4.10 and 5.1). It's nice to be welcomed by higher performance when you switch OSes. :-) while high performance is always cool, stable performance is even more important under load. I mean if i do 5 things it shouldn't slow down 100 times. in NetBSD especially if you start large file copying whole system slows down terribly. not true with FreeBSD. softdeps in NetBSD is very buggy. putting very high load like deleting huge tree or unpacking it easily triggers DDB with ffs_something panic :( my questions: 1) what is Buf and Cache in top exactly? why buf on 96MB machine gets to near 20MB and never goes down? it's almost 1/4 of memory size. Cache: number of pages used for VM-level disk caching Buf: number of pages used for BIO-level disk caching can you explain more? (or redirect me to URL about it) is all things double-buffered?!! it would be lots of memory traffic. BTW is mfs usable and stable in FreeBSD? and does it make real sense? in NetBSD mfs is terribly unstable. especially large mfs disks easily crash things. 2) can i compile kernel with -march=pentium,pentium[234] -O2 optimization? in NetBSD 2.0 doing -march=pentium produces kernel that doesn't boot at all, just resets. If you want to tune your system, tweaking the options from GENERIC by removing at least: cpu I386_CPU cpu I486_CPU did this. ...will probably result in the greatest improvement, along with disabling WITNESS and such if using -CURRENT. See man tuning. oh - i never did it... Using -march=pentium is likely to be worthwhile (assuming you don't have a with heavy CPU-bound userland binaries i measured 10-25% gain. 386 :-), higher than that may run into problems. Higher optimizations than -O are not supported, although work is underway to fix the remaining code issues (mainly in libalias used by NAT), as I understand. If you want to try -O2, give it a shot, but you might consider using either -Os rather than -O2, or try -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing. why -Os? it makes slower but smaller code? will lower memory traffic/better cache hitting give more gain than it's lost because of slower code. 3) how can i disable compiling, using etc.. all that LKM (KLD) stuff? i really prefer one static kernel. Read the handbook on building the kernel. what i missed? i already built a kernel, found how to disable modules but all kld stuff is still compiled in! yes i can just do rm *.ko but removing kld from kernel would be even nicer. 4) is IPv6 working well? (i mean no crashes etc...) i will get real IPv6 zone allocation soon and want to use it. IPv6 seems to work well, yes. 5) what is used in FreeBSD for traffic management. NetBSD has altq - please just give me a name i will RTFM. If you want to use that, ipf/altq should be available in -CURRENT. Otherwise, ipfw dummynet is another choice. 6) how to turn using serial port as console on i386? my home machine is headless, i'm using X terminals to access it. See the handbook. 7) does FreeBSD support 2 CPUs on i386? Sure. See the SMP section of the kernel config file. should i go to 4.10 or better 5.2.1? stability is really important to me. 4.10, unless there's a feature from -CURRENT that you don't want to live without. i don't think it is unless 4.10 has: 1) multiCPU 2) traffic shaping 3) nat 4) firewalling 5) IPv6 6) tun device i don't think i need anything more ___ [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: FreeBSD beginner (NetBSD advanced)
does FreeBSD deallocate pages that are unused. NetBSD does not. if you create 100MB file on mfs and delete it, VM size of mfs is still over 100MB. while it will get swapped out it's a kind of nonsense IMHO FreeBSD tries to swap out idle pages. That means that you'll have more physical memory available for programs, cacheing, etc. So it's nice:) I am not by any means FreeBSD kernel expert. Not at all expert! There is a vmm description on your new FreeBSD system by Matthew Dillon who has made many improvments to it. /usr/share/doc/en/articles/vm-design Cheers, NikV On Friday 16 July 2004 13:38, Wojciech Puchar wrote: I have used a single 256MB mfs on FreeBSD for months without any problem. I was not doing heavy IO on it, it was used in a /tmp fashion and most of the time was swapped out, going down to 8MB resident size at times. does FreeBSD deallocate pages that are unused. NetBSD does not. if you create 100MB file on mfs and delete it, VM size of mfs is still over 100MB. while it will get swapped out it's a kind of nonsense IMHO softdeps in NetBSD is very buggy. putting very high load like deleting huge tree or unpacking it easily triggers DDB with ffs_something panic :( I have the feeling that NetBSD without softdeps performs much better than FreeBSD. I can live without them on NetBSD. i have too. anyway softdeps is big speedup. i tried async and doing sync every 5 seconds. looks good. I think you will miss ALTQ. There is a patch for FreeBSD-4.8 at Kenjiro's page. i read manual page about ipfw yesterday. i think i will not miss :) NikV On Friday 16 July 2004 00:50, Wojciech Puchar wrote: Wojciech Puchar wrote: i installed FreeBSD once to do quick performance tests, and at least in disk I/O and fair scheduling it's MUCH better (tested 4.10 and 5.1). It's nice to be welcomed by higher performance when you switch OSes. :-) while high performance is always cool, stable performance is even more important under load. I mean if i do 5 things it shouldn't slow down 100 times. in NetBSD especially if you start large file copying whole system slows down terribly. not true with FreeBSD. softdeps in NetBSD is very buggy. putting very high load like deleting huge tree or unpacking it easily triggers DDB with ffs_something panic :( my questions: 1) what is Buf and Cache in top exactly? why buf on 96MB machine gets to near 20MB and never goes down? it's almost 1/4 of memory size. Cache: number of pages used for VM-level disk caching Buf: number of pages used for BIO-level disk caching can you explain more? (or redirect me to URL about it) is all things double-buffered?!! it would be lots of memory traffic. BTW is mfs usable and stable in FreeBSD? and does it make real sense? in NetBSD mfs is terribly unstable. especially large mfs disks easily crash things. 2) can i compile kernel with -march=pentium,pentium[234] -O2 optimization? in NetBSD 2.0 doing -march=pentium produces kernel that doesn't boot at all, just resets. If you want to tune your system, tweaking the options from GENERIC by removing at least: cpu I386_CPU cpu I486_CPU did this. ...will probably result in the greatest improvement, along with disabling WITNESS and such if using -CURRENT. See man tuning. oh - i never did it... Using -march=pentium is likely to be worthwhile (assuming you don't have a with heavy CPU-bound userland binaries i measured 10-25% gain. 386 :-), higher than that may run into problems. Higher optimizations than -O are not supported, although work is underway to fix the remaining code issues (mainly in libalias used by NAT), as I understand. If you want to try -O2, give it a shot, but you might consider using either -Os rather than -O2, or try -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing. why -Os? it makes slower but smaller code? will lower memory traffic/better cache hitting give more gain than it's lost because of slower code. 3) how can i disable compiling, using etc.. all that LKM (KLD) stuff? i really prefer one static kernel. Read the handbook on building the kernel. what i missed? i already built a kernel, found how to disable modules but all kld stuff is still compiled in! yes i can just do rm *.ko but removing kld from kernel would be even nicer. 4) is IPv6 working well? (i mean no crashes etc...) i will get real IPv6 zone allocation soon and want to use it. IPv6 seems to work well, yes. 5) what is used in FreeBSD for traffic management. NetBSD has altq - please just give me a name i will RTFM. If you want to use that, ipf/altq should be available in -CURRENT. Otherwise, ipfw dummynet is another choice. 6) how to turn using serial port as console on i386? my home machine is headless, i'm using X terminals to access it. See the handbook. 7) does FreeBSD
Re: FreeBSD beginner (NetBSD advanced)
Wojciech Puchar wrote: my questions: Start here : http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ ___ [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: FreeBSD beginner (NetBSD advanced)
Wojciech Puchar wrote: i installed FreeBSD once to do quick performance tests, and at least in disk I/O and fair scheduling it's MUCH better (tested 4.10 and 5.1). It's nice to be welcomed by higher performance when you switch OSes. :-) my questions: 1) what is Buf and Cache in top exactly? why buf on 96MB machine gets to near 20MB and never goes down? it's almost 1/4 of memory size. Cache: number of pages used for VM-level disk caching Buf: number of pages used for BIO-level disk caching 2) can i compile kernel with -march=pentium,pentium[234] -O2 optimization? in NetBSD 2.0 doing -march=pentium produces kernel that doesn't boot at all, just resets. If you want to tune your system, tweaking the options from GENERIC by removing at least: cpu I386_CPU cpu I486_CPU ...will probably result in the greatest improvement, along with disabling WITNESS and such if using -CURRENT. See man tuning. Using -march=pentium is likely to be worthwhile (assuming you don't have a 386 :-), higher than that may run into problems. Higher optimizations than -O are not supported, although work is underway to fix the remaining code issues (mainly in libalias used by NAT), as I understand. If you want to try -O2, give it a shot, but you might consider using either -Os rather than -O2, or try -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing. 3) how can i disable compiling, using etc.. all that LKM (KLD) stuff? i really prefer one static kernel. Read the handbook on building the kernel. 4) is IPv6 working well? (i mean no crashes etc...) i will get real IPv6 zone allocation soon and want to use it. IPv6 seems to work well, yes. 5) what is used in FreeBSD for traffic management. NetBSD has altq - please just give me a name i will RTFM. If you want to use that, ipf/altq should be available in -CURRENT. Otherwise, ipfw dummynet is another choice. 6) how to turn using serial port as console on i386? my home machine is headless, i'm using X terminals to access it. See the handbook. 7) does FreeBSD support 2 CPUs on i386? Sure. See the SMP section of the kernel config file. should i go to 4.10 or better 5.2.1? stability is really important to me. 4.10, unless there's a feature from -CURRENT that you don't want to live without. -- -Chuck ___ [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: FreeBSD beginner (NetBSD advanced)
On Thu, Jul 15, 2004 at 08:30:10PM +0200, Wojciech Puchar wrote: i want to go to FreeBSD instead of NetBSD on my i386 machines because of all new features :( introduced in NetBSD after 1.5 mostly crashing softdeps, strange memory/unified disk cache management (large writing to file almost freezes everything) etc. etc. i installed FreeBSD once to do quick performance tests, and at least in disk I/O and fair scheduling it's MUCH better (tested 4.10 and 5.1). my questions: 1) what is Buf and Cache in top exactly? why buf on 96MB machine gets to near 20MB and never goes down? it's almost 1/4 of memory size. These are part of the kernel VM system -- most of that space is used for buffering IO to disk drives or other devices. There are various VM related sysctls you can use to tune things, but unless you've got a pretty exceptional system just going with the defaults will probably give you the best results. 2) can i compile kernel with -march=pentium,pentium[234] -O2 optimization? in NetBSD 2.0 doing -march=pentium produces kernel that doesn't boot at all, just resets. You can certainly compile with a different CPUTYPE setting in /etc/make.conf -- works very well. However under 4.x and any of the releases from 5.x to date you shouldn't use any more that -O optimization. There's a push on to make world+kernel compile correctly using -O2 before 5.3-STABLE, but that's not been completed yet. 3) how can i disable compiling, using etc.. all that LKM (KLD) stuff? i really prefer one static kernel. Generally what happens is that a driver is either built into a kernel image, or it's built as a loadable module. Writing your own kernel configuration to include the drivers for all of your hardware isn't too difficult. You can prevent any LKMs being build by setting: NO_MODULES=true in /etc/make.conf 4) is IPv6 working well? (i mean no crashes etc...) i will get real IPv6 zone allocation soon and want to use it. Works for me. But FreeBSD uses the same Kame IPv6 stack as NetBSD -- 5) what is used in FreeBSD for traffic management. NetBSD has altq - please just give me a name i will RTFM. dummynet(4) 6) how to turn using serial port as console on i386? my home machine is headless, i'm using X terminals to access it. Simple. It's pretty easy to install the system that way too: http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/serialconsole-setup.html http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install-advanced.html 7) does FreeBSD support 2 CPUs on i386? Yes. You will have to compile a custom kernel to get SMP support under 4.x (you can always boot a UP kernel on a MP machine). For 5.x, it should all just work with the GENERIC kernel. Cheers, Matthew -- Dr Matthew J Seaman MA, D.Phil. 26 The Paddocks Savill Way PGP: http://www.infracaninophile.co.uk/pgpkey Marlow Tel: +44 1628 476614 Bucks., SL7 1TH UK pgpWbhqfGEAJF.pgp Description: PGP signature
RE: FreeBSD beginner (NetBSD advanced)
-Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Wojciech Puchar Sent: Thursday, July 15, 2004 1:30 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: FreeBSD beginner (NetBSD advanced) [snip] my questions: 1) what is Buf and Cache in top exactly? why buf on 96MB machine gets to near 20MB and never goes down? it's almost 1/4 of memory size. Don't know. 2) can i compile kernel with -march=pentium,pentium[234] -O2 optimization? in NetBSD 2.0 doing -march=pentium produces kernel that doesn't boot at all, just resets. Don't know. 3) how can i disable compiling, using etc.. all that LKM (KLD) stuff? i really prefer one static kernel. There are many klds that are capable of being statically compiled. I can't say for certain that all of them are, but the one or two I've needed are statically compiled. 4) is IPv6 working well? (i mean no crashes etc...) i will get real IPv6 zone allocation soon and want to use it. AFAIK, it works perfectly. 5) what is used in FreeBSD for traffic management. NetBSD has altq - please just give me a name i will RTFM. Don't know off hand, I haven't had to do much of this yet. Everything I do is with ipfw. 6) how to turn using serial port as console on i386? my home machine is headless, i'm using X terminals to access it. For a headless system, create the file /boot.config and add the following characters to it: -Dh Then, in /etc/ttys, edit the line(s) for your appropriate serial consoles. Mine looks like this: ttyd0 /usr/libexec/getty std.9600 vt100 on secure 7) does FreeBSD support 2 CPUs on i386? Yes, it does. It even supports the Pentium 4 HT processors. sorry if too much questions at once, i would like to move my home machine to FreeBSD tomorrow, test it at real for a month and then (if it will be better than NetBSD for my needs) replace other machines. should i go to 4.10 or better 5.2.1? stability is really important to me. If I were you, I would use 4.10. Keep in mind, though, that the upgrade process from 4.x to 5.x is a complete reinstall, for the most part. I guess there are some people that have been able to do it, but never I or anyone I know here. I've used 5.2.1 on my home machines, but they're just a little too buggy for my liking. ACPI can cause problems, and seems to be the biggest source of bugs. On the other hand, if you need power management, I've never been able to get APM working in 4.x. I hope this helps to answer some of those questions. Eric F Crist ___ [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: FreeBSD beginner (NetBSD advanced)
On Thu, 15 Jul 2004 20:30:10 +0200 (CEST) Wojciech Puchar [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: i want to go to FreeBSD instead of NetBSD on my i386 machines because of all new features :( introduced in NetBSD after 1.5 mostly crashing softdeps, strange memory/unified disk cache management (large writing to file almost freezes everything) etc. etc. i installed FreeBSD once to do quick performance tests, and at least in disk I/O and fair scheduling it's MUCH better (tested 4.10 and 5.1). my questions: 1) what is Buf and Cache in top exactly? why buf on 96MB machine gets to near 20MB and never goes down? it's almost 1/4 of memory size. http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/misc.html (point #2) 2) can i compile kernel with -march=pentium,pentium[234] -O2 optimization? in NetBSD 2.0 doing -march=pentium produces kernel that doesn't boot at all, just resets. the following appears in /etc/make.conf: CFLAGS controls the compiler settings used when compiling C code. Note that optimization settings above -O (-O2, ...) are not recommended or supported for compiling the world or the kernel i'm working with 4.10 and have the following line in my /etc/make.conf CPUTYPE=i686 are either of these were what you were looking for? 3) how can i disable compiling, using etc.. all that LKM (KLD) stuff? i really prefer one static kernel. 4) is IPv6 working well? (i mean no crashes etc...) i will get real IPv6 zone allocation soon and want to use it. 5) what is used in FreeBSD for traffic management. NetBSD has altq - please just give me a name i will RTFM. 6) how to turn using serial port as console on i386? my home machine is headless, i'm using X terminals to access it. is this what you're looking for? http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/serialconsole-setup.html if you've got firewire, you may also want to look at man dcons. 7) does FreeBSD support 2 CPUs on i386? yes, though i have no experience with it. you may care to peruse the handbook (see link above) or check the freebsd-questions mailing list archives http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-questions/ or google sorry if too much questions at once, i would like to move my home machine to FreeBSD tomorrow, test it at real for a month and then (if it will be better than NetBSD for my needs) replace other machines. should i go to 4.10 or better 5.2.1? stability is really important to me. i would recommend 4.10. though the 5.x series is solid, it is undergoing heavy development. 5.x won't be releasing a 'stable' version until sometime later this year. ___ [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: FreeBSD beginner (NetBSD advanced).
2) can i compile kernel with -march=pentium,pentium[234] -O2 optimization? in NetBSD 2.0 doing -march=pentium produces kernel that doesn't boot at all, just resets. 2.0 is always under develpoment and not yet released. I don't see the problem with 1.6.2. 4) is IPv6 working well? (i mean no crashes etc...) i will get real IPv6 zone allocation soon and want to use it. AFAIK, it works perfectly. Aren't FreeBSD and NetBSD using the same IPv6 stack from the KAME project? 5) what is used in FreeBSD for traffic management. NetBSD has altq - please just give me a name i will RTFM. You can use dummynet with ipfw. Altq is being integrated in the -CURRENT branch of FreeBSD (along with pf). 7) does FreeBSD support 2 CPUs on i386? Yes, it does. It even supports the Pentium 4 HT processors. Yes, but there still some strange report from 'top' on MP systems as in : - Problem Report bin/30310 ; - Problem Report bin/60385. -- -jpeg. ___ [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: FreeBSD beginner (NetBSD advanced)
Wojciech Puchar wrote: i installed FreeBSD once to do quick performance tests, and at least in disk I/O and fair scheduling it's MUCH better (tested 4.10 and 5.1). It's nice to be welcomed by higher performance when you switch OSes. :-) while high performance is always cool, stable performance is even more important under load. I mean if i do 5 things it shouldn't slow down 100 times. in NetBSD especially if you start large file copying whole system slows down terribly. not true with FreeBSD. softdeps in NetBSD is very buggy. putting very high load like deleting huge tree or unpacking it easily triggers DDB with ffs_something panic :( my questions: 1) what is Buf and Cache in top exactly? why buf on 96MB machine gets to near 20MB and never goes down? it's almost 1/4 of memory size. Cache: number of pages used for VM-level disk caching Buf: number of pages used for BIO-level disk caching can you explain more? (or redirect me to URL about it) is all things double-buffered?!! it would be lots of memory traffic. BTW is mfs usable and stable in FreeBSD? and does it make real sense? in NetBSD mfs is terribly unstable. especially large mfs disks easily crash things. 2) can i compile kernel with -march=pentium,pentium[234] -O2 optimization? in NetBSD 2.0 doing -march=pentium produces kernel that doesn't boot at all, just resets. If you want to tune your system, tweaking the options from GENERIC by removing at least: cpu I386_CPU cpu I486_CPU did this. ...will probably result in the greatest improvement, along with disabling WITNESS and such if using -CURRENT. See man tuning. oh - i never did it... Using -march=pentium is likely to be worthwhile (assuming you don't have a with heavy CPU-bound userland binaries i measured 10-25% gain. 386 :-), higher than that may run into problems. Higher optimizations than -O are not supported, although work is underway to fix the remaining code issues (mainly in libalias used by NAT), as I understand. If you want to try -O2, give it a shot, but you might consider using either -Os rather than -O2, or try -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing. why -Os? it makes slower but smaller code? will lower memory traffic/better cache hitting give more gain than it's lost because of slower code. 3) how can i disable compiling, using etc.. all that LKM (KLD) stuff? i really prefer one static kernel. Read the handbook on building the kernel. what i missed? i already built a kernel, found how to disable modules but all kld stuff is still compiled in! yes i can just do rm *.ko but removing kld from kernel would be even nicer. 4) is IPv6 working well? (i mean no crashes etc...) i will get real IPv6 zone allocation soon and want to use it. IPv6 seems to work well, yes. 5) what is used in FreeBSD for traffic management. NetBSD has altq - please just give me a name i will RTFM. If you want to use that, ipf/altq should be available in -CURRENT. Otherwise, ipfw dummynet is another choice. 6) how to turn using serial port as console on i386? my home machine is headless, i'm using X terminals to access it. See the handbook. 7) does FreeBSD support 2 CPUs on i386? Sure. See the SMP section of the kernel config file. should i go to 4.10 or better 5.2.1? stability is really important to me. 4.10, unless there's a feature from -CURRENT that you don't want to live without. i don't think it is unless 4.10 has: 1) multiCPU 2) traffic shaping 3) nat 4) firewalling 5) IPv6 6) tun device i don't think i need anything more ___ [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
