Mar 29
I've focused before on population and life expectancy and a demographic
dividend and the Total Fertility Rate (TFR). A couple of years ago, India's
TFR fell below so-called "replacement level". When I wrote about that at
the time, some readers asked why our population was still growing. I
Mar 22
Maybe it's pretty ordinary to others, including astronomers, but I found
the Hubble Constant fascinating from the first time I heard about it.
That's because of everything it builds on and suggests. A universe that's
expanding (into what?). In every direction. The farther, the faster.
Mar 19 2024
... and with this dispatch, I have finally caught up with my backlog. Which
is apposite, you might say, because part of this column is about catching
up with backlogs.
Much bigger backlogs than mine, though.
Actually this essay was prompted by a few unconnected bits of news, each of
Mar 19 2024
One more of those age-giveaways - you know, like postage stamps or music
cassettes or dialing 180 - is the way you think of Pluto. If you know it as
the outermost, or ninth, planet in our solar system, you're like me. That's
how we grew up thinking of it. But as you may know, it has
Mar 19 2024
This column grew out of an idle mind one morning, looking into my coffee
cup. "How many bubbles?" I wondered. (Idle, yes.) Thing is, it isn't the
actual answer that interests me as much as thinking about how I might try
to find one - and what that process means.
To me, it's a window
Mar 18 2024
Shortly before I sat down to write this email, I was chatting with a friend
who took a drive today on a section of Bombay's new "Coastal Road". This
road is supposed to run along the western coast of the city, making
commutes to and from the northern suburbs easier. As these things
Mar 15 2024
I have to make a serious attempt to catch up on my backlog here, and
there's a reason I say that. Which I will get to after catching up! (So
wish me well.)
One of the more tantalizing things about our exploration of space is that
starting a few decades ago, we have sent out
Mar 15 2024
There's a cartoon that makes the rounds regularly. It shows our globe with
the heads of Easter Island on one side, and the stone pillars of Stonehenge
on the other, looking like feet. Finally an explanation for these two
strange phenomena: a man through the centre of the Earth.
A
February 15 2024
Put it down to a fair amount of travel in these first few weeks of 2024,
including a fabulous birdwatching trip in the Sundarban Tiger Reserve in
West Bengal: I'm so far behind on sending out my Mint columns here that I
had lost track of the backlog.
So let me try to make
February 15
India sent a craft, Aditya-L1, hurtling through space a few months ago. It
will study the sun. That's interesting by itself. But it also aims to
settle at - or actually, in a small orbit around - a particular spot known
as a Lagrangian point.
There are five such points. (Or strictly,
February 15 2024
Put it down to a fair amount of travel in these first few weeks of 2024,
including a fabulous birdwatching trip in the Sundarban Tiger Reserve in
West Bengal: I'm so far behind on sending out my Mint columns here that I
had lost track of the backlog.
So let me try to make
Jan 16 2024
Maybe I should have realized it, but I didn't. There are magicians who can
essentially control how a coin they flip lands. It needs practice, like all
good things, but it can be done.
Though if you're not motivated to start practicing that, there's something
else to intrigue you.
Dec 27
Hope Christmas/New Year week is treating you well!
I would like to confess, hardly for the first time, that I am a fan of
bees. To begin with, of course, any creatures that produce something as
sublime as honey are special. But they are also mathematical creatures in a
very real sense:
elped me decide — if I wasn’t
doing the whole trip, there was a next best thing I could do."*
Dilip D'Souza joined the Bharat Jodo Yatra four times. This is the story of
that experience. But even more, this is the story of how he found energy,
empathy and enthusiasm in the Yatra. How it spoke to
December 15
The second of the columns I mentioned appeared last Friday, December 15.
This is about a fantastic mathematical resource I ran into many years ago,
that's constantly growing, that mathematicians find indispensable. I
remember discussing it with a mathematician friend once in a crowded
December 18
My last two Mint articles were more in line than some others with the label
for the column, A Matter of Numbers. In a sense this goes back to how I
first got interested in dabbling in mathematics, with the endless charms
and mysteries of numbers themselves.
This column was prompted
Nov 26
The astonishing and depressing news this morning is that at least one
report says it might be Christmas before these men are rescued (
Nov 17
How good are you, or any of us, at estimating numbers? Sometimes I'll be in
a crowd of people and I'll try to make a quick estimate of the numbers
around me. I usually don't have a way to verify my guess, but I feel pretty
confident in distinguishing between dozens, hundreds and thousands.
Nov 15
Backlog: two today, two (I hope) tomorrow.
What's not to like about a phenomenon that has come to be called "fairy
circles"? This: that I didn't know about them when I visited Namibia. How
I'd like to have roamed among these mysterious formations in the desert.
Still: yes, these circles
Nov 17
I've always believed that one of the great triumphs of science is the way
it handles mistakes, or outright failure. To me, that's how scientific
research progresses: try something, fail, learn, try again. Simplistic?
Sure. But if you remember, it's how you learned to ride a bicycle, or
Nov 16
Tucked away at the back of my mind - for years now - is the little stat I
use in the column below: the size of Lotus 1-2-3 when it first turned up on
computers, versus when it was discontinued. Why should software expand like
that, and faster than hardware power and storage does?
It need
Oct 14
Some of you have heard me tell the story of captive-bred whooping cranes at
the International Crane Foundation in Wisconsin. In particular, how they
were taught to migrate. That story always leaves me awestruck: how do you
teach something that is essentially instinct?
Bird migration is a
Oct 14
Who doesn't like Möbius strips? I think what fascinated me most about them
was that it was so easy to make something that is so full of surprises. Try
it and be surprised all over again!
There's a certain mathematical conjecture about them that has resisted
proof for nearly half a
nted out) is perhaps grammatically wrong, but I kind of liked it.
cheers,
dilip
---
Requiem for a scientific temperament?
---
Dilip D'Souza
Every so often, there's news that makes me despair that we will ever build
a scientific temperament in this country. This column is abou
Oct 1
Don't know if you've noticed, but in recent years we (meaning us humans)
have had a number of encounters with asteroids and comets. In 2014, a
spacecraft called Philae dropped (on purpose) onto a comet called 67P. In
2020, OSIRIS-REx carefully picked up a cupful of rubble and stones from
Sep 22
Nearly a year ago, a spacecraft we launched nearly two years ago slammed
into an asteroid. This was the DART mission, hitting the asteroid
Dimorphos. The idea was to see if we can alter the path through space of
such an object. Because who knows, one day we might find that such an
object
Sep 14
Once more, I prefer my title - "This time, take the fifth" - to the one the
folks at Mint gave ("The untold story of the little finger"). But never
mind.
This column is about the utility (or otherwise) of that fifth finger you
have on each of your hands. The smallest, the thinnest,
Sep 14
In all the fuss and uproar about AI that's around us today, there are
probably only a handful of folks who remember that there was once another
way researchers thought about and approached AI. Yet even to me, just a
once-dabbler in some of all that, that other way always seemed more
Aug 26
Did you hear? An Indian space mission landed on the Moon on Wednesday!
Of course you heard. Three cheers for Chandrayaan-3. And spare a thought
for Chandrayaan-1, which didn't land but deduced that there was water on
the moon about 12 years ago; and Chandrayaan-2, which attempted to land
August 14
My first name is the 399th most common in the world. Yours?
But more interesting than that is that some names vanish over time. Why and
how? As often happens - as you might guess - that's a phenomenon that's
attracted the attention of mathematicians. And there are links to entirely
August 14
If my previous column mentioned a book by a Eugene, this one mentions a
book about a Eugeni.
Read on to know more about that. Though this column is really about certain
tiny worms that lived tens of thousands of years ago and have been brought
back to life, to the extent that they have
Aug 14
Opparently like most of you, I went to see "Oppenheimer" in late July. Late
night show, so I actually fell asleep through part of the film, so I went
to see it again a few days ago. Lots to think about in this portrait of a
complex, fascinating man.
It also got me thinking about war. My
PS: There are references to both Shakespeare and Monty Python in this
particular column. Let me know if you catch them.
d.
---
Rose by another name goes extinct
A few days ago, I alerted a friend to the excellent news that her name,
Shormishtha, was the 4,213,784th most common name in the
August 14
India's second mission to attempt a (soft) landing on the Moon,
Chandrayaan-3, is orbiting that celestial rock as I write this. Having
written about Chandrayaan-2 (2019) before, I wanted to find a different
angle to take in writing about this one.
So this column (July 21) is my tribute
Aug 13
Cheetahs have been on my mind, and I suspect I speak for a lot of people.
India imported several cheetahs from Namibia and South Africa starting a
year ago, in an effort to regenerate an Indian population of these
exquisite animals. Sadly, six have died, as also three cubs born here
July 28
Whoops, I am six (6!) articles behind! Lots happening in these last few
weeks, but that's no excuse. I promise not to inflict all six (6!) on you
right now, though.
Maybe 3.
So this column takes a look at something I grew up taking for granted, and
maybe you've heard it too: the water
July 28
A third dispatch for now. Another three in the next day or two.
When I wrote the previous column I've just sent out - about the majority in
a democracy - someone said, "But I thought you were going to write about
gravitational waves!" Because there was news in those several days about
July 28
It's an odd thing. The weaker democracy gets, the louder the shouts you
hear about how democracy is the "will of the majority", or some such.
Well, what majority? That's one question to ask. Why that one rather than
another one we might concoct? That's another. Can this logic stand some
May 20
While doing some other reading last week, I found my way to one of
Srinivasa Ramanujan's earliest (the earliest? I don't know) papers, "Some
Properties of Bernoulli's Numbers". It reminded me of something I've had at
the back of my mind for a while: to write about the remarkable Bernoulli
May 15 2023
A lot of us are glad and relieved about the result in a recent election
in Karnataka. I may have more about that in another column. But this one
that aired in Mint on Friday May 12 was actually prompted by something that
happened during the campaign leading up to the election. It got
May 15 2023
This delay in sending out my columns is getting so routine that I should
stop mentioning...
There, I stopped.
A friend alerted me to some research about how there's a steadily
increasing number of home runs hit every baseball season. "Put a cricketing
spin on it," he suggested, "and
May 15 2023
How often do mathematical findings find their way to late-night talk shows?
I'm still a little puzzled by why this particular one did. It made a splash
in mathematical circles, certainly, but also the regular news in various
places - and yes, even Jimmy Kimmel mentioned it (at the
April 25
Ever since my parents visited Tasmania, many years ago, I've wanted to
visit too. At some point since, I read David Quammen's magnificent "The
Song of the Dodo" and found out, for the first time, about the Tasmanian
Tiger. More reason to visit, though he did point out that the said Tiger
April 25 2023
Yet one more time, I've fallen behind with these dispatches. So there are
three coming your way today. (At least one of you groaned - in writing -
when I last did this. I remember.)
This column was spurred by the increase, again, in covid case counts. I
don't mean to downplay that
April 3
'Oumuamua is well on its way out of our solar system now. But its visit
caused quite a flutter in astronomical circles, even though we didn't
detect it till it was, yes, on its way out. Because, what was this strange
object? Long and thin. No tail like comets usually have. Much much
Mar 18
Many years ago I spent a fascinating couple of evenings with an astronomer
at the McDonald Observatory in West Texas, watching him hunt for planets.
Not the ones in our solar system, but possible ones somewhere else in the
Milky Way, or even further out. Exoplanets, they're called. He
Mar 18
Far too often for me to keep up with, some set of figures makes the rounds,
accompanied by plenty of drum-beating and chest-thumping and ... well, for
me, brow-furrowing. Because so often, the figures don't make much sense.
Or, more correctly, they make perfect sense, but the drum-beating
Feb 25
I was telling someone the other day that one of the great joys about
writing this column for Mint is that I learn about so many different and
fascinating scientific endeavours. Not necessary that I write about them
all, but I love reading about them.
This column resulted from one such. I
February 23
I remember Eliza. Somebody introduced me to her early on in my time as a
graduate Computer Science student at Brown. I was fascinated. I mean, it
was a clever and innovative effort - but it didn't last long. It couldn't.
Four decades on (!), today's Artificial Intelligence
February 23
Finally for this mailing ... for Shaastra magazine, I reviewed the
mathematician John Allen Paulos's new book, "Who's Counting?" (or really,
"Who'5 C0unt1ng?" which is how it appears on the cover). It's always a
pleasure reading Paulos, and this book was no exception. Such a
February 23
Several months ago, the editor of Khabar Magazine - an Indian-American
publication from Atlanta - got in touch and asked if I would interview the
astronaut Sunita Williams for a cover story. I mean, how could I refuse?
We spent some months, though, trying to see if I could do this in
Jan 13
And then there's today's column in Mint. Some years ago a lovely lady who's
reading this (well, I hope) spent an afternoon explaining the "waggle
dance" that bees do. She had earned her PhD studying bees (though maybe not
the waggle dance), so I was inclined to pay attention. I'm glad I
Jan 13
Imagine, if you will, my delight when I ran across the factoid that kicks
off this articleP: alligators and birds are more closely related than
alligators and lizards.
Fascinating, right? (Say yes, please.) Well, that's because of an aspect of
evolution that has always baffled and puzzled
Jan 13
A final missive for today... Shaastra magazine, the pretty new publication
from IIT Madras, asked me to review Manil Suri's new book. Suri is an
accomplished mathematician at the University of Maryland, and also an
elegant writer. Some years ago we did a session together around a
Jan 13 (Friday the 13th!)
You must be tiring of me saying this: yet again I've been lax about sending
out my articles here. Five that I know of. Sorry, then, for inundating your
mailbox!
The first of these was prompted when I found a short video clip of an
octopus. And this octopus was doing
Jan 13
This was my last column for 2022 (appeared on December 23, I took December
30 off from writing). It cobbles together my explorations into three uses
of figures and prhases that bother me. (Two of them have always bothered
me.) Partly because they are wrong. Partly because they cover more
Dec 9
Baba Ramdev is one of India's many "godmen", but one who has risen to power
and prominence in the last 10-12 years. He is politically close to the
party and people in power in India now, and who knows, maybe that's helped
him rise.
One of his endeavours is Patanjali, that produces all
Dec 9
A third bit of reading for you today... I'm invariably fascinated by the
way mathematicians play with numbers, and today's column deals with one
such. And in a way that touches on several different themes.
There are integers that can be expressed as the sum of two rational
squares, but
Nov 23
Every now and then there's news of the Earth's rotation speeding up by some
tiny slice of time - or slowing down, who knows. In following a trail of
scientific papers after one recent such bit of news, I ran into mention of
something that I had heard about a long time ago and filed away
Nov 23
Just a day ago, the Orion spacecraft swung by the Moon - to within a few
dozen km of its surface, in fact. This is the Artemis mission that plans to
take humans back to the Moon - after 50 years! - and then beyond. Think of
that.
I mean, everything about space travel is awe-inspiring. But
Nov 4
The new issue of Frontline carries my "impressionistic" (their brief!)
essay on walking with the Bharat Jodo Yatra last month. (You may remember
that I already circulated two articles I wrote about the experience.)
Bharat Jodo Yatra: On the walk,
Nov 4
Must be something about left turns. Some ants choose to take them. Some UPS
trucks, I learned, choose not to take them. What I wouldn't give to see a
line of alternating ants and UPS trucks.
Still, why did UPS institute a policy - as at least some reports I've read
claim they did - that
Nov 4
A few days ago, a bridge collapsed in Morbi, Gujarat, killing nearly 140
people. As if that wasn't enough of a tragedy, we've learned all kinds of
unsavoury details since - the company that refurbished the bridge was a
clock manufacturer; they reopened the bridge without official approval;
Oct 21 2022
The Global Hunger Index (GHI) made news in India over the last few days:
India ranked 107 out of 121 countries in the list. Not just that, India
ranked below our South Asian neighbours Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh and
Nepal. This set off a small storm of outrage, much of it from
Oct 17
If my previous article about the Bharat Jodo Yatra was about the logistics
involved, this one is more about the spirit of it all. In some ways, I was
trying to answer for myself why I joined the Yatra. Perhaps my answer will
resonate with you. Let me know if so. (Let me know if you think
Oct 16
Incidentally, I joined the Yatra with my brother Ravi and his wife Ramani.
Ramani wrote this herself about how she saw the experience:
https://scroll.in/article/1034856/protesting-shrinking-freedoms-walking-for-hope-what-i-saw-on-the-bharat-jodo-yatra
Any thoughts welcome! And if you'd
Oct 16
Last weekend, a few of us joined the Bharat Jodo Yatra ("Journey to Heal
India" might be the best translation). This is a journey on foot from
Kanyakumari, the southern tip of India, to Kashmir in the north. Some 3500
km (over 2000 miles) largely on foot. It's been organized by the
Oct 16
As you've likely heard from me and others, a NASA spacecraft called DART
smashed into an asteroid last month. A very distant asteroid. The idea was
to see if such a crash could alter the path of the asteroid - and if that
happened, it would prove we could at least hope to divert an
Oct 3
As it fades into history, I realize I miss the pandemic. Not, let me hasten
to add, for the illness and tension and deaths - but for the enforced
calmness, the minimal traffic, the sometimes brilliant blue skies. (Really!)
And maybe we also heard birds a little more clearly. But even more
Oct 3
Last week, DART slammed into Dimorphos at a speed of over 20,000 kmph. It
didn't survive. But it sent photographs till the very end, leaving watchers
like me around the globe oohing and aahing in wonder.
Never mind the why and wherefore, you can ooh and aah too. I couldn't
resist writing
---
Seven million mission? Maybe not
--
Dilip D'Souza
Seven million is a huge number, you'll agree. That's about the population
of Hyderabad, or Rio de Janeiro - not the biggest cities in the world, but
pretty big anyway.
Yet merely citing some cities' populations may not let
-numbers-aplenty-ahead-11662667113571.html
Let me know if the numbers resonate with you.
yours,
dilip
---
Buckle up, numbers aplenty ahead
-
Dilip D'Souza
A few days ago, we heard that India's economy had overtaken the UK's. This
makes India the 5th-largest in the world; ahead
Sept 9
Is there anyone who's looked at an image of the surface of the Moon and
wondered why the Earth is not similarly cratered? Me, as I got interested
in things astronomical, It's one of the earliest conundrums I remember
thinking about. There are reasons, the Earth's atmosphere being one, the
Sep 1
Some weeks ago, the government announced a new scheme to recruit young men
for our armed forces: Agnipath. This set off a wave of debate and protests
and demands for it to be rolled back. I'm not sure that will happen, but
there are questions that remain about Agnipath.
This scheme has a
Sep 1
A few times in my life, I've spent a happy few hours perched at one end of
an airport runway, watching planes land and take off. Maybe this doesn't
really catch your fancy, but I've always enjoyed it. The first time,
though, I came back with my fingers nearly frozen off. Really. Some 45
Sep 1
Catch-up mode, again.
My last dispatch here was about the discovery by the James Webb Space
Telescope of the oldest object we humans have ever observed, a certain
smudge in the sky named GLASS-z13. Also the furthest object we've seen.
(Meet the oldest object ever seen,
August 5
For no reason I can put my finger on apart from laziness, I didn't send out
a number of my columns in April/May/June. Maybe nobody missed them, maybe
not. For what it's worth, I'll occasionally email one of those.
Like this one, which is about the necks of giraffes. Why are they so
August 5
The very idea of a space telescope is far-out, no pun intended. It makes a
whole lot of sense, of course - because it won't have to deal with dust and
ambient light and pollution that earthbound telescopes are tormented by.
But that we would design, build and rocket such an instrument
July 29
Ah, Madagascar. What a country. I loved my two months backpacking there:
the people, the sights, the hard knocks ... and the lemurs. I've always
wanted to return, but haven't managed it yet. One of these weeks, for sure.
But those lemurs. The oddest of them all is the aye-aye, and I feel
In my essay, I write that the Prime Number Theorem states that there is an
infinite number primes and that Euclid first proved this. Well, that's
wrong!
Euclid did prove the infinitude of primes (which is usually called simply
Euclid's Theorem). But the Prime Number Theorem is something else
Jul 25
James Maynard of Oxford University won the Fields Medal this year for his
work on prime numbers. Specifically, the Twin Primes Conjecture. Now I am
drawn to mathematical work on numbers and primes like a horse to water
(something like that). But what also struck me about Maynard is that
of it after reading the essay.
A sphere by any other dimension,
https://www.livemint.com/opinion/columns/a-sphere-by-any-other-dimension-11657820794142.html
.
cheers,
dilip
---
A sphere by any other dimension
---
Dilip D'Souza
It's a constant battle. After every meal, we take the dishes
July 8 2022
I imagine every country must have its share of stories about strange
disappearances or mysterious deaths or high-profile murders (possibly never
satisfactorily explained). Count among those the Joshi-Abhyankar murders in
India, the disappearance of MH 370 in Malaysia, the Clutter
July 8 2022
There's always things to marvel at about the universe we occupy. That's not
saying very much, I know. But even so, I'm filled with wonder at the sheer
mayhem that's unfolding nearly anywhere you look in the sky. Mayhem,
because by any measure you choose - distance, speed, temperature,
Jul 8 2022
I had heard about perfect numbers - whose factors add up to the number
itself - before. I had not heard about abundant and deficient numbers,
though it should hardly be surprising that if perfect numbers are of
mathematical interest, so are abundants and deficients. And once you start
May 27
A third successive column prompted by Covid death tolls; specifically, the
claim by the World Health Organization that the virus killed many more
people, worldwide, than countries have reported.
As you know and I have mentioned before, the Indian government contests the
WHO claim about
May 22
I used to write political/social commentary columns for years. Came a time
when I started to feel like I had said all I had to say in that vein -
really - so I do very little of it now.
But once in a while I feel there's something that needs saying. Like last
week, when I watched someone
May 20
I'm still puzzling over why a remark about life expectancies brought up a
long ago memory of restringing tennis racquets. Maybe you'll be able to
explain that to me. But more seriously, I've been trying to understand what
connects a country's population, its life expectancy, and the number
May 15 2022
"You should read this WSJ article," my bro-in-law said one day last week,
and I don't take his recommendations lightly. So I read it immediately, and
then quickly scratched the column I was more than halfway through writing.
Instead, I wrote about the softness that this WSJ article
Mar 15 2022
Some of you may have noticed that I've not sent out my columns for some
months now. I was travelling in March-April, and it was pretty hectic, but
that's really not an explanation. In any case, I'll try to make some
amends, though not by flooding you with all those missing columns all
Please join Joy Ma and me in our Deoliwallahs discussion at Princeton
(online)!
Thu Apr 28 noon Eastern, 9am Pacific, 5pm UK, 930pm India.
Register here:
https://piirs.princeton.edu/event/deoliwallahs-book-talk-joy-ma-and-dilip-dsouza
cheers,
dilip
--
My book with Joy Ma: "The Deoliwallahs"
April 1
Sheer inertia, that's all. I'm a fool for indulging it. That's why I have
not sent out my last several math columns, going back to early February I
think! I'll make amends. Let me start, though, with the column that aired
today (April 1). Only online, not in the paper (there's a story
Mar 1 2022
This year marks 75 years since India won freedom. It also marks 60 years
since the short, sharp war we fought with China; which means 60 years since
we started incarcerating 3000 Chinese-Indians in a prison camp in Deoli,
Rajasthan.
As you probably know, Joy Ma and I co-authored "The
Feb 10
And maybe this column isn't really about mathematics - except that I was
just so captivated by the story of a oil tycoon called James Vaughn. He
seems to have funded research into Fermat's Last Theorem over many decades,
until Andrew Wiles proved it in the mid-1990s. (And then Vaughn's
February 10
For no reason I can offer, I've slipped way behind (still again) with
sending out my columns here. I have a backlog of three over the last month,
and if I don't send this out before tomorrow, that will become four.
So: this column appeared in January, on Friday the 14th. Near miss
Feb 10
Much like the nature vs nurture debate that has raged forever in psychology
(and maybe elsewhere), mathematicians have long wondered: did we invent
mathematics? Or discover it? It goes to the heart of what mathematics is,
and how we look at it.
I won't say more. This is what I tried to
Jan 9
Some of you know that one of my pet peeves is how few of us
journalist-types or -wannabes pay attention to numbers. I mean, really pay
attention - examine them when they appear, try to understand them, see if
they tell a story, whatever.
A few weeks ago, some numbers made the news. One of
Dec 26
It was Srinivasa Ramanujan's birthday on December 22, now observed as
National Mathematics Day. That's why I waited till this last week to write
about Neena Gupta.
She's a mathematician at the Indian Statistical Institute in Calcutta (a
breeding ground for plenty of outstanding
Dec 26
Yesterday, the JWST finally took off from French Guiana and soared into
space. That's the James Webb Space Telescope, a spectacular piece of design
and engineering that will open our eyes to wonders of the universe that we
can only guess at today. It's a triumph of human ingenuity that,
Dec 13 2021
I remember when the Hubble Space Telescope was lifted into orbit, back in
1990. To this strictly amateur astronomy fan, it was a fantastic idea: look
out at the universe from a place where Earth's lights and pollution would
have no effect whatsoever. To see it actually take shape sent
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