Re: Nuvoton W83795ADG wrong values
Atanas Vladimirov vlado at bsdbg.net writes: nvt0 shows wrong values for fan speed and voltage. In BIOS values are correct. The motherboard is Supermicro X8STE (dmesg at the end). Is this a known behavior of nvt sensor/driver? P.S.: lm1 sensor also shows wrong/different values. http://article.gmane.org/gmane.os.openbsd.tech/25212
nsd Using 100% CPU On Recent amd64 Snapshots
Starting with the 18 Aug. amd64 snapshot (and continuing with the 8 Sept. as well), my nsd server immediately pegs 3 of my CPU's 4 cores within seconds after starting. It won't even respond to nsd-control commands. Running on the 3 Aug. snapshot and for many versions prior to that, CPU usage was barely perceptible. So, it appears to be something new to recent snapshots. But frustratingly, I see no recent changes in nsd's source in cvs. This instance of nsd is running in a slave configuration, and hosting 42 zones. The master host also runs nsd with a recent amd64 snapshot, and it runs normally. There have been no changes in the nsd.conf for months prior to the latest snapshots. There are no errors in my nsd log file apart from some 'NOT IMPL errors' at start-up. I don't think these are relevant, since my understanding is that they are caused by nsd's initial IFXR attempts failing, but are then followed by successful AFXR transfers. At least that's what I gathered from a post in the nsd-users archives. [1] My nsd.conf and dmesg follow. Any ideas on how I can start to track down whether this is due to my configuration? Many thanks. [1] http://open.nlnetlabs.nl/pipermail/nsd-users/2013-January/001588.html ### # $OpenBSD: nsd.conf,v 1.6 2013/11/26 12:54:42 sthen Exp $ server: hide-version: yes database: /var/nsd/db/nsd.db username: _nsd zonesdir: /var/nsd/zones logfile: /var/log/nsd.log pidfile: /var/nsd/run/nsd.pid difffile: /var/nsd/run/ixfr.db xfrdfile: /var/nsd/run/xfrd.state statistics: 3600 remote-control: control-enable: yes key: name: ns.datagenic.com. algorithm: hmac-md5 secret: ... zone: name: datagenic.com zonefile: db.datagenic.com allow-notify: 163.228.162.199 ns.datagenic.com. request-xfr: 163.228.162.199 ns.datagenic.com. # 41 more identically configured zones omitted ### OpenBSD 5.6-current (GENERIC.MP) #366: Mon Sep 8 17:13:38 MDT 2014 t...@amd64.openbsd.org:/usr/src/sys/arch/amd64/compile/GENERIC.MP RTC BIOS diagnostic error 80clock_battery real mem = 1038864384 (990MB) avail mem = 1002532864 (956MB) mpath0 at root scsibus0 at mpath0: 256 targets mainbus0 at root bios0 at mainbus0: SMBIOS rev. 2.5 @ 0xe4410 (25 entries) bios0: vendor Intel Corp. version MOPNV10J.86A.0154.2009.1117.1624 date 11/17/2009 bios0: Intel Corporation D510MO acpi0 at bios0: rev 2 acpi0: sleep states S0 S1 S3 S4 S5 acpi0: tables DSDT FACP APIC MCFG HPET SSDT acpi0: wakeup devices SLPB(S4) PS2M(S4) PS2K(S4) UAR1(S4) UAR2(S4) P32_(S4) ILAN(S4) PEX0(S4) PEX1(S4) PEX2(S4) PEX3(S4) UHC1(S3) UHC2(S3) UHC3(S3) UHC4(S3) EHCI(S3) [...] acpitimer0 at acpi0: 3579545 Hz, 24 bits acpimadt0 at acpi0 addr 0xfee0: PC-AT compat cpu0 at mainbus0: apid 0 (boot processor) cpu0: Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU D510 @ 1.66GHz, 1666.98 MHz cpu0: FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CFLUSH,DS,ACPI,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT,TM,PBE,SSE3,DTES64,MWAIT,DS-CPL,TM2,SSSE3,CX16,xTPR,PDCM,MOVBE,NXE,LONG,LAHF,PERF cpu0: 512KB 64b/line 8-way L2 cache cpu0: smt 0, core 0, package 0 mtrr: Pentium Pro MTRR support, 7 var ranges, 88 fixed ranges cpu0: apic clock running at 166MHz cpu0: mwait min=64, max=64, C-substates=0.1.0.0.0, IBE cpu1 at mainbus0: apid 1 (application processor) cpu1: Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU D510 @ 1.66GHz, 1666.69 MHz cpu1: FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CFLUSH,DS,ACPI,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT,TM,PBE,SSE3,DTES64,MWAIT,DS-CPL,TM2,SSSE3,CX16,xTPR,PDCM,MOVBE,NXE,LONG,LAHF,PERF cpu1: 512KB 64b/line 8-way L2 cache cpu1: smt 1, core 0, package 0 cpu2 at mainbus0: apid 2 (application processor) cpu2: Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU D510 @ 1.66GHz, 1718.97 MHz cpu2: FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CFLUSH,DS,ACPI,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT,TM,PBE,SSE3,DTES64,MWAIT,DS-CPL,TM2,SSSE3,CX16,xTPR,PDCM,MOVBE,NXE,LONG,LAHF,PERF cpu2: 512KB 64b/line 8-way L2 cache cpu2: smt 0, core 1, package 0 cpu3 at mainbus0: apid 3 (application processor) cpu3: Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU D510 @ 1.66GHz, 1666.70 MHz cpu3: FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CFLUSH,DS,ACPI,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT,TM,PBE,SSE3,DTES64,MWAIT,DS-CPL,TM2,SSSE3,CX16,xTPR,PDCM,MOVBE,NXE,LONG,LAHF,PERF cpu3: 512KB 64b/line 8-way L2 cache cpu3: smt 1, core 1, package 0 ioapic0 at mainbus0: apid 8 pa 0xfec0, version 20, 24 pins ioapic0: misconfigured as apic 0, remapped to apid 8 acpimcfg0 at acpi0 addr 0xf800, bus 0-63 acpihpet0 at acpi0: 14318179 Hz acpiprt0 at acpi0: bus 5 (P32_) acpiprt1 at acpi0: bus 0 (PCI0) acpiprt2 at acpi0: bus 1 (PEX0) acpiprt3 at acpi0: bus 2 (PEX1) acpiprt4 at acpi0: bus 3 (PEX2) acpiprt5
rtl8192cu firmware trouble
I'm running OpenBSD 5.5 amd64 release. I am testing a tl-wn821n usb wifi adapter which uses the rtl8192cu chipset (supported by OpenBSD). During boot (with or without the usb attached), i get the following: urtwn0: failed loadfirmware of file urtwn-rtl8192cfwT (error 2) I have run fw_update successfully. The file /etc/firmware/urtwn-rtl8192cfwT exists. However the above message still appears and i can't connect to a network. Any insights?
Bay Area BSD User Group meeting
The Bay Area FreeBSD User Group (BAFUG) is having a meeting this Thursday at 7:00pm PST at the Hacker Dojo in Mountain View, CA. Despite the unfortunate name, they're a BSD-agnostic group. They'd like to attract some more OpenBSD users, as well as get some more talks planned about OpenBSD in the coming months. Anyone can give a talk on anything BSD-related. If you're interested in coming, please join and RSVP on the meetup.com group. This month, it looks like the talks are going to focus on running FreeBSD on the MinnowBoard and Beaglebone. http://www.meetup.com/BAFUG-Bay-Area-FreeBSD-User-Group/events/202080122/ [demime 1.01d removed an attachment of type application/pgp-signature which had a name of signature.asc]
Communication industry professionals List
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Real time programming in OpenBSD
Hello, Is it possible to dedicate CPU core to process? What I'm looking for is simple way to take advantage of high quality and secure code base of OpenBSD to use in real time/embedded applications. If this trick can be achived, it is simple to use OpenBSD as platform when critical parts of software can run on own CPU core and rest of the software can developed conventional means. If this can be done, or this kind of feature may be noted and put to roadmap, I may have motivations to audit time requirements of library functions etc. and formally verify parts of the system.
Re: Real time programming in OpenBSD
On Tue, Sep 9, 2014 at 4:30 PM, Matti Karnaattu mkarnaa...@gmail.com wrote: Hello, Is it possible to dedicate CPU core to process? This thread may or may not be useful to read over: http://marc.info/?t=13588288892r=1w=1 What I'm looking for is simple way to take advantage of high quality and secure code base of OpenBSD to use in real time/embedded applications. If this trick can be achived, it is simple to use OpenBSD as platform when critical parts of software can run on own CPU core and rest of the software can developed conventional means. real time/embedded is pretty broad. I would encourage you to create a test setup to see how things work for you. Also if you were to provide more specifics about your goals, others may have more input. to me embedded means resource (memory/disk) constrained for which I feel like OpenBSD is quite well suited. On the other for hard/soft hard real-time I might look elsewhere. If this can be done, or this kind of feature may be noted and put to roadmap, I may have motivations to audit time requirements of library functions etc. and formally verify parts of the system. I would be very interested in any effort to formally verify parts of the system. Can you give more details about what tools/techniques you have in mind?
Re: ZTE ZM8620 LTE Modem Support
Hey Stuart, Thanks for you reply. I agree about [2], it's not as relevant to me as I previously thought. I've got some updates since my first mail. Sorry about not including more information before, I wasn't sure how much to include at the time. So having is show up as a network device is actually expected and the preferred way of operating it according to the documentation, reason being it's a LTE 100 down / 50 up modem and using the PPP interface is apparently not capable of those speeds. But the kernel without modification doesn't expose the AT serial interface so I can't connect to the cell network. From the docs: For ZM8510/ZM8620/ME3960 LTE modem, although it can use pppd to setup a data connection, but the speed may be limited, we recommend to uses ECM to setup data connection on ZM8510/ZM8620/ME3960 modem. [...] ECM interface can be used to setup data call on ZM8510/ZM8620/ME3960 modem. The data connection can be setup by following steps: Step0: switch modem to ECM mode using AT command, then reboot the modem: AT+ZSWITCH=L AT+ZRST Step1: setup data call parameter using AT command +CGDCONT. For example, can configure APN “zte.com” using command as below: AT+CGDCONT=1,”ip”,”zte.com” Step2: setup ECM data call using AT command +ZECMCALL. For example: AT+ZECMCALL=1 Step3: start DHCP to get IP and DNS. For example, use command as below: dhcpcd usb0 Step4:check whether network card get IP/DNS address. For example: ifconfig Step5:disconnect ECM data call using blew command: AT+ZECMCALL=0 Please refer to AT command document for further more information. Port information from the docs: +---+---++ | 0 | Ding interface| /dev/ttyUSB0 | +---+---++ | 1 | AT interface | /dev/ttyUSB1 | +---+---++ | 2 | Modem interface | /dev/ttyUSB2 | +---+---++ | 3 | ECM Control interface | New network card | +---+---+ named usbx/ecmx/ethx, + | 4 | ECM Data interface| x can be any number. | +---+---++ | 5 | Adb interface | Used to debug | docs, so I can send them to individuals if anyone is interested at look at them more (there's not a whole lot there that I haven't included that's relevant, but you never know). This device is based on the Qualcomm MDM9215 which according to [3] the umsm driver seems like the right direction. So following the Linux guide, it says to add the device to /drivers/usb/serial/option.c . I found the somewhat equivalent file in OpenBSD under /sys/dev/usb/usbdevs [diff1]. I also added it to /sys/dev/usb/umsm.c [diff2] so that the umsm driver would try to pick it up. And after a kernel recompile, that worked! Kind of. The umsm driver sees all 6 devices and picks up 4 serial ports, which is what I'd expect based on the docs, but I can't access any of the serial ports, and the previous network interface (cdce0) disappears (also see [dmesg]): # cu -l /dev/cuaU0 -s 115200 cu: open(/dev/cuaU0): Input/output error # cu -l /dev/cuaU0 -s 115200 cu: open(/dev/cuaU0): Input/output error # cu -l /dev/cuaU1 -s 115200 cu: open(/dev/cuaU1): Input/output error # cu -l /dev/cuaU2 -s 115200 cu: open(/dev/cuaU2): Input/output error # cu -l /dev/cuaU3 -s 115200 cu: open(/dev/cuaU3): Input/output error Note: I've also tried this with several different speeds, all with the same error. The docs have 115200 listed in the pppd configs. So basically I'm stuck on the umsm driver, if that is even the correct driver to be using. I've included my full [dmesg] output this time if that helps. Thanks again in advanced for any help! [3] http://marc.info/?l=openbsd-miscm=134311982424455 [diff1] Index: usbdevs === RCS file: /cvs/src/sys/dev/usb/usbdevs,v retrieving revision 1.623 diff -u -p -r1.623 usbdevs --- usbdevs 15 Feb 2014 02:16:57 - 1.623 +++ usbdevs 9 Sep 2014 22:41:51 - @@ -3395,6 +3395,7 @@ product ZTE UMASS_INSTALLER4 0x0083 ZTE product ZTE MSA110UP 0x0091 ONDA MSA110UP USB MSM modem productZTE UMASS_INSTALLER20x0103 ZTE USB MSM installer product ZTE MF112 0x0117 ZTE MF112 HSUPA USB modem +product ZTE ZM8620 0x0396 ZTE ZM8510/ZM8620/ME3960 USB modem product ZTE HSUSB 0x1364 ZTE HSUSB product ZTE UMASS_INSTALLER0x2000 ZTE USB MSM installer product ZTE AC2746 0xfff1 AC2746 CDMA USB modem [diff2] Index: umsm.c === RCS file: /cvs/src/sys/dev/usb/umsm.c,v retrieving revision 1.96 diff -u -p -r1.96 umsm.c --- umsm.c 13 Dec 2013 17:43:07 - 1.96 +++ umsm.c 9 Sep 2014 22:43:18 - @@ -176,6 +176,7 @@
Re: Real time programming in OpenBSD
Also if you were to provide more specifics about your goals, others may have more input. At the moment I'm looking hobby project to maintain/improve my skills developing open source software and my goal is to develop/improve some open source component(s) to be suitable on safety critical use. What I need is some place to start, and starting point is to find developer community whose interest is quality code, sharing some same values and suitable platform. On the other for hard/soft hard real-time I might look elsewhere I'm looking possibility to isolate process on own CPU core because when looking from safety perspective, it is bad thing if some other process can jam CPU. Memory and hard drive isolation are easy tasks but if OS have possibility to isolate CPU too, that opens new possibilities. If this can be done, it is not long way to improve real time capabilities. Not sure yet am I looking from right place. I just LOVE to browse OpenBSD source tree. It is clean in many ways, simple and I have found it to be realiable. However, it is unclear what are interests of OpenBSD developers and where project is heading. I consider that going deep kernel internals is out of scope for my interests so some developer hacking kernel every week should have interests to enable OpenBSD suitable for safety programming. Otherwise I have to look elsewhere. Can you give more details about what tools/techniques you have in mind? Formal specifications defined with modified condition/decision coverage, model checking, automated theorem proving etc. To get that point, I have to use heavy static analysis to clean code to the point that it can be tested thoroughly. OpenBSD is aiming security and using proactive methods + code auditing to achive that, but proving that some pieces of code are correct raises bar. Zero defects means zero security holes.
Re: emul.linux on amd64
On Mon, Sep 8, 2014 at 8:49 PM, tekk t...@parlementum.net wrote: I know that at least in 2004 it was considered to be unreasonable to try to get i386 linux applications working on amd64 openbsd through emul.linux, but how much work would be involved to get amd64 linux apps working? Presumably it wouldn't quite be as easy as just using 64 bit packages instead of 32 bit, but are there too many abi differences? Unlike many OSs OpenBSD amd64 is true 64 bit operating system so even running native i386 binaries on amd64 (in some kind sandbox of course) is not possible. IIRC there was extensive discussion many years ago about cross compiling and OpenBSD developers got that right by insisting on native builds and real hardware testing. If anybody things otherwise please try to run any non Tier I NetBSD port. I honestly wonder if emul.linux serves any purpose today. OpenBSD ports three contains practically any valuable peace of open-source software worth porting. Apart of now dead Opera web browser I personally have never been tempted to run Linux binaries on OpenBSD. Sure running Oracle Java or MATLAB on OpenBSD would be nice but that is not OpenBSD issue but rather Oracle and MathWorks business decisions. Same goes with infamous Adobe Flash or my recent favorite MegaRAID Storage Management. If I was allowed to vote I would remove emul.linux code from the build all together. Predrag
Re: nsd Using 100% CPU On Recent amd64 Snapshots
On Tue, Sep 9, 2014 at 9:34 AM, Scott Vanderbilt li...@datagenic.com wrote: Starting with the 18 Aug. amd64 snapshot (and continuing with the 8 Sept. as well), my nsd server immediately pegs 3 of my CPU's 4 cores within seconds after starting. Hmm, crank NSD's log level and see if there's a debug log that shows something looping? Lacking that, ktrace a spinning process for a few seconds then stop it, and combine that with fstat output to see what's syscalls (if any...) are involved in the loop. Philip Guenther
Re: emul.linux on amd64
Sure running Oracle Java or MATLAB on OpenBSD would be nice but that is not OpenBSD issue but rather Oracle and MathWorks business decisions. There is OpenJDK is open source: http://openjdk.java.net/projects/bsd-port/ To get companies interested to develop binaries for OpenBSD, that will require OpenBSD to be more complete platform for applications. In practice this means defined long term ABI stability. And if we are talking about desktop applications, this means also defined desktop environment and toolkit. FVVM + Xaw won't quite cut it. 2014-09-10 3:09 GMT+03:00 Predrag Punosevac punoseva...@gmail.com: On Mon, Sep 8, 2014 at 8:49 PM, tekk t...@parlementum.net wrote: I know that at least in 2004 it was considered to be unreasonable to try to get i386 linux applications working on amd64 openbsd through emul.linux, but how much work would be involved to get amd64 linux apps working? Presumably it wouldn't quite be as easy as just using 64 bit packages instead of 32 bit, but are there too many abi differences? Unlike many OSs OpenBSD amd64 is true 64 bit operating system so even running native i386 binaries on amd64 (in some kind sandbox of course) is not possible. IIRC there was extensive discussion many years ago about cross compiling and OpenBSD developers got that right by insisting on native builds and real hardware testing. If anybody things otherwise please try to run any non Tier I NetBSD port. I honestly wonder if emul.linux serves any purpose today. OpenBSD ports three contains practically any valuable peace of open-source software worth porting. Apart of now dead Opera web browser I personally have never been tempted to run Linux binaries on OpenBSD. Sure running Oracle Java or MATLAB on OpenBSD would be nice but that is not OpenBSD issue but rather Oracle and MathWorks business decisions. Same goes with infamous Adobe Flash or my recent favorite MegaRAID Storage Management. If I was allowed to vote I would remove emul.linux code from the build all together. Predrag
Re: Real time programming in OpenBSD
On Tue, Sep 9, 2014 at 7:29 PM, Matti Karnaattu mkarnaa...@gmail.com wrote: Also if you were to provide more specifics about your goals, others may have more input. At the moment I'm looking hobby project to maintain/improve my skills developing open source software and my goal is to develop/improve some open source component(s) to be suitable on safety critical use. hobby and safety critical don't often go together. if you just want to improve your skills i say go for it but aiming for safety critical is a high bar to achieve. But if you're really looking to do safety critical, which industry are you going to target? is it aviation (hope you're well versed in DO-178C), automotive (you've looked over ISO 26262 and MISRA C, right?) nuclear, medical? something else? Not exactly light reading or easy to achieve... What I need is some place to start, and starting point is to find developer community whose interest is quality code, sharing some same values and suitable platform. Well, if a POSIX-like platform that pays attention to detail is one of your goals, then OpenBSD is one of the cleanest places to start in my biased opinion. On the other for hard/soft hard real-time I might look elsewhere I'm looking possibility to isolate process on own CPU core because when looking from safety perspective, it is bad thing if some other process can jam CPU. Memory and hard drive isolation are easy tasks but if OS have possibility to isolate CPU too, that opens new possibilities. If this can be done, it is not long way to improve real time capabilities. I'm not sure I agree that memory isolation is an easy task. OpenBSD includes so many mitigation strategies against memory corruption for a reason. See: http://www.openbsd.org/security.html Not sure yet am I looking from right place. I just LOVE to browse OpenBSD source tree. It is clean in many ways, simple and I have found it to be realiable. However, it is unclear what are interests of OpenBSD developers and where project is heading. These are listed on the interwebs: http://www.openbsd.org/goals.html I consider that going deep kernel internals is out of scope for my interests so some developer hacking kernel every week should have interests to enable OpenBSD suitable for safety programming. Otherwise I have to look elsewhere. The only person who will mold things around your interests is *you*. Can you give more details about what tools/techniques you have in mind? Formal specifications defined with modified condition/decision coverage, model checking, automated theorem proving etc. To get that point, I have to use heavy static analysis to clean code to the point that it can be tested thoroughly. Ah, so MC/DC makes me think you're interested in DO-178B/C. Ok, but this is a somewhat questionable/controversial technique, no? Interactive theorem proving is used heavily in sel4 as far as I know, so that might be a more interesting place for you to look rather than OpenBSD. It's pretty interesting work and it's open source. Static analysis, on the other hand, has been used extensively on the OpenBSD code base over the years with some good success. More work could certainly be done on this front though. Patches addressing bugs found through static analysis are always welcome. OpenBSD is aiming security and using proactive methods + code auditing to achive that, but proving that some pieces of code are correct raises bar. Zero defects means zero security holes. Sure formal methods could help. If you do something using formal methods then by all means, feel to submit patches. If you stay on this list long enough you'll learn that people consider talk to be cheap... And remember just because you've formally proved some piece of code is free of buffer overflows doesn't mean you've proved there are no security holes.
wildcard poisoning
I came across an interesting article on wildcards in shell: http://www.defensecode.com/public/DefenseCode_Unix_WildCards_Gone_Wild.txt Tested some of the above in pdksh on a current OpenBSD-host: $ mkdir test $ cd test $ touch file1 file2 file3 -rf $ mkdir DIR1 DIR2 $ ls -al total 16 -rw-r--r-- 1 sturban sturban 0 Sep 10 04:26 -rf drwxr-xr-x 4 sturban sturban 512 Sep 10 04:26 ./ drwxr-xr-x 10 sturban sturban 1024 Sep 10 04:25 ../ drwxr-xr-x 2 sturban sturban 512 Sep 10 04:26 DIR1/ drwxr-xr-x 2 sturban sturban 512 Sep 10 04:26 DIR2/ -rw-r--r-- 1 sturban sturban 0 Sep 10 04:26 file1 -rw-r--r-- 1 sturban sturban 0 Sep 10 04:26 file2 -rw-r--r-- 1 sturban sturban 0 Sep 10 04:26 file3 $ rm * $ ls -al total 8 -rw-r--r-- 1 sturban sturban 0 Sep 10 04:26 -rf drwxr-xr-x 2 sturban sturban 512 Sep 10 04:26 ./ drwxr-xr-x 10 sturban sturban 1024 Sep 10 04:25 ../
Re: wildcard poisoning
On 9/9/14, Stefan Olsson stur...@hotmail.com wrote: I came across an interesting article on wildcards in shell: http://www.defensecode.com/public/DefenseCode_Unix_WildCards_Gone_Wild.txt Tested some of the above in pdksh on a current OpenBSD-host: $ mkdir test $ cd test $ touch file1 file2 file3 -rf $ mkdir DIR1 DIR2 $ ls -al total 16 -rw-r--r-- 1 sturban sturban 0 Sep 10 04:26 -rf drwxr-xr-x 4 sturban sturban 512 Sep 10 04:26 ./ drwxr-xr-x 10 sturban sturban 1024 Sep 10 04:25 ../ drwxr-xr-x 2 sturban sturban 512 Sep 10 04:26 DIR1/ drwxr-xr-x 2 sturban sturban 512 Sep 10 04:26 DIR2/ -rw-r--r-- 1 sturban sturban 0 Sep 10 04:26 file1 -rw-r--r-- 1 sturban sturban 0 Sep 10 04:26 file2 -rw-r--r-- 1 sturban sturban 0 Sep 10 04:26 file3 $ rm * $ ls -al total 8 -rw-r--r-- 1 sturban sturban 0 Sep 10 04:26 -rf drwxr-xr-x 2 sturban sturban 512 Sep 10 04:26 ./ drwxr-xr-x 10 sturban sturban 1024 Sep 10 04:25 ../ $ touch file1 file2 file3 -rf $ mkdir DIR1 DIR2 $ ls -al total 16 -rw-r--r-- 1 sidster wheel 0 Sep 9 21:19 -rf drwxr-xr-x 4 sidster wheel 512 Sep 9 21:19 ./ drwxrwxrwt 8 root wheel 1024 Sep 9 21:19 ../ drwxr-xr-x 2 sidster wheel 512 Sep 9 21:19 DIR1/ drwxr-xr-x 2 sidster wheel 512 Sep 9 21:19 DIR2/ -rw-r--r-- 1 sidster wheel 0 Sep 9 21:19 file1 -rw-r--r-- 1 sidster wheel 0 Sep 9 21:19 file2 -rw-r--r-- 1 sidster wheel 0 Sep 9 21:19 file3 $ rm ./* rm: ./DIR1: is a directory rm: ./DIR2: is a directory noir $ ls -al total 16 drwxr-xr-x 4 sidster wheel 512 Sep 9 21:20 ./ drwxrwxrwt 8 root wheel 1024 Sep 9 21:19 ../ drwxr-xr-x 2 sidster wheel 512 Sep 9 21:19 DIR1/ drwxr-xr-x 2 sidster wheel 512 Sep 9 21:19 DIR2/ be smarter than that. --patrick
