Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-02-04 Thread Benjamin Hawkes-Lewis
On 4/2/09 03:15, Calogero Alex Baldacchino wrote: For what concerns XHTML, I disagree with the introduction of RDFa attribute into the basic namespace, and I wouldn't encourage the same in HTML5 spec. In first place, I think there is a possible conflict with respect to the content attribute

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-02-03 Thread Calogero Alex Baldacchino
Benjamin Hawkes-Lewis ha scritto: On 12/1/09 20:26, Calogero Alex Baldacchino wrote: I just mean that, as far as I know, there is no official standard requiring UAs to support (parse and expose through the DOM) attributes and elements which are not part of the HTML language but are found in

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-02-03 Thread Calogero Alex Baldacchino
Toby A Inkster ha scritto: Another reason the Microformat experience suggests new attributes are needed for semantics is the overloading of an attribute (class) previously mainly used for private convention so that it is now used for public consumption. Maybe this is true, but, personally,

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-12 Thread Henri Sivonen
On Jan 11, 2009, at 18:52, Calogero Alex Baldacchino wrote: However, actually it's the same for RDFa attributes, because they're not in the spec. From this point of view, introducing six new attributes, or resorting to an older one is not very different, thus (again) why RDFa and not eRDF?

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-12 Thread Calogero Alex Baldacchino
Benjamin Hawkes-Lewis ha scritto: After all, support for unknown attributes/elements has never been a standard de jure, but more of a quirk Depends what you mean by support I guess. I just mean that, as far as I know, there is no official standard requiring UAs to support (parse and

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-12 Thread Andi Sidwell
On 2009-01-12 23:15, Toby A Inkster wrote: Henri Sivonen wrote: eRDF is very different in not relying on attributes whose qname contains the substring xmlns. eRDF is very different in that it is incredibly annoying to use in real world scenarios (i.e. not hypothetical Hello World examples).

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-11 Thread Benjamin Hawkes-Lewis
On 11/1/09 02:51, Calogero Alex Baldacchino wrote: eRDF might be a working compromise, because it doesn't need any changes to the spec It's not possible to author conforming HTML5 that functions as eRDF since eRDF requires a 'profile' attribute, but HTML5 has removed the attribute.

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-11 Thread Calogero Alex Baldacchino
Benjamin Hawkes-Lewis ha scritto: On 11/1/09 02:51, Calogero Alex Baldacchino wrote: eRDF might be a working compromise, because it doesn't need any changes to the spec It's not possible to author conforming HTML5 that functions as eRDF since eRDF requires a 'profile' attribute, but HTML5

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-11 Thread Benjamin Hawkes-Lewis
On 11/1/09 16:52, Calogero Alex Baldacchino wrote: Well, that's a chance, of course, but that's *not* RDFa as specified by W3C; for instance, @property is specified as accepting _only_ CURIEs Good point; I hadn't spotted that. It's the same with every possible existing custom (non-standard)

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-11 Thread Charles McCathieNevile
On Sat, 10 Jan 2009 06:41:10 +1100, Julian Reschke julian.resc...@gmx.de wrote: Tab Atkins Jr. wrote: *If* we want to support RDFa, why not add the attributes the way they are already named??? Because the issue is that we don't yet know if we want to support RDFa. That's the whole point

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-10 Thread Toby A Inkster
Dan Brickley wrote: While I'm unsure about the commercial relationship clause quite capturing what's needed, the basic idea seems sound. Is there any provision (or plans) for applying this notion to entire blocks of markup, rather than just to simple hyperlinks? This would be rather useful for

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-10 Thread Calogero Alex Baldacchino
Toby A Inkster ha scritto: It should be noted in this case that RDFa also allows natural language parsers to be made more useful. By looking at the RDFa which marks up the author's name and website, they may be able to determine that the comment has been written by someone other than the

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-10 Thread Kornel Lesiński
On 09.01.2009, at 01:54, Calogero Alex Baldacchino wrote: This is why I was thinking about somewhat data-rdfa-about, data- rdfa-property, data-rdfa-content and so on, so that, for the purposes of an RDFa processor working on top of HTML5 UAs One can also use link rel=alternate

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-10 Thread Calogero Alex Baldacchino
Kornel Lesiński ha scritto: On 09.01.2009, at 01:54, Calogero Alex Baldacchino wrote: This is why I was thinking about somewhat data-rdfa-about, data-rdfa-property, data-rdfa-content and so on, so that, for the purposes of an RDFa processor working on top of HTML5 UAs One can also use link

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-09 Thread Julian Reschke
Calogero Alex Baldacchino wrote: ... This is why I was thinking about somewhat data-rdfa-about, data-rdfa-property, data-rdfa-content and so on, so that, for the purposes of an RDFa processor working on top of HTML5 UAs (perhaps in a test phase, if needed at all, of course), an element

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-09 Thread Tab Atkins Jr.
On Fri, Jan 9, 2009 at 5:46 AM, Julian Reschke julian.resc...@gmx.de wrote: Calogero Alex Baldacchino wrote: ... This is why I was thinking about somewhat data-rdfa-about, data-rdfa-property, data-rdfa-content and so on, so that, for the purposes of an RDFa processor working on top of HTML5

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-09 Thread Julian Reschke
Tab Atkins Jr. wrote: *If* we want to support RDFa, why not add the attributes the way they are already named??? Because the issue is that we don't yet know if we want to support RDFa. That's the whole point of this thread. Nobody's given a useful problem statement yet, so we can't evaluate

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-09 Thread Ben Adida
Julian Reschke wrote: Because the issue is that we don't yet know if we want to support RDFa. That's the whole point of this thread. Nobody's given a useful problem statement yet, so we can't evaluate whether there's a problem we need to solve, or how we should solve it. For the record: I

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-09 Thread Calogero Alex Baldacchino
Julian Reschke ha scritto: Calogero Alex Baldacchino wrote: ... This is why I was thinking about somewhat data-rdfa-about, data-rdfa-property, data-rdfa-content and so on, so that, for the purposes of an RDFa processor working on top of HTML5 UAs (perhaps in a test phase, if needed at all,

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-09 Thread Tab Atkins Jr.
On Fri, Jan 9, 2009 at 1:48 PM, Ben Adida b...@adida.net wrote: Julian Reschke wrote: Because the issue is that we don't yet know if we want to support RDFa. That's the whole point of this thread. Nobody's given a useful problem statement yet, so we can't evaluate whether there's a problem

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-09 Thread Ben Adida
Tab Atkins Jr. wrote: Actually, SearchMonkey is an excellent use case, and provides a problem statement. I'm surprised, but very happily so, that you agree. My confusion stems from the fact that Ian clearly mentioned SearchMonkey in his email a few days ago, then proceeded to say it wasn't a

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-09 Thread Tab Atkins Jr.
On Fri, Jan 9, 2009 at 2:17 PM, Ben Adida b...@adida.net wrote: Tab Atkins Jr. wrote: Actually, SearchMonkey is an excellent use case, and provides a problem statement. I'm surprised, but very happily so, that you agree. My confusion stems from the fact that Ian clearly mentioned

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-09 Thread Ben Adida
Tab Atkins Jr. wrote: However, Ian has a point in his first paragraph. SearchMonkey does *not* do auto-discovery; it relies entirely on site owners telling it precisely what data to extract, where it's allowed to extract it from, and how to present it. That's incorrect. You can build a

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-09 Thread Calogero Alex Baldacchino
Ben Adida ha scritto: Tab Atkins Jr. wrote: Actually, SearchMonkey is an excellent use case, and provides a problem statement. I'm surprised, but very happily so, that you agree. My confusion stems from the fact that Ian clearly mentioned SearchMonkey in his email a few days ago,

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-09 Thread Tab Atkins Jr.
On Fri, Jan 9, 2009 at 3:22 PM, Ben Adida b...@adida.net wrote: Tab Atkins Jr. wrote: However, Ian has a point in his first paragraph. SearchMonkey does *not* do auto-discovery; it relies entirely on site owners telling it precisely what data to extract, where it's allowed to extract it from,

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-09 Thread Ben Adida
Tab Atkins Jr. wrote: This brings up different issues, however. Is inherent resistance to spam a condition (even a consideration) for HTML5? If so, where is the concern around title, which is clearly featured in search engine results? -Ben

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-09 Thread Tab Atkins Jr.
On Fri, Jan 9, 2009 at 5:13 PM, Ben Adida b...@adida.net wrote: Tab Atkins Jr. wrote: This brings up different issues, however. Is inherent resistance to spam a condition (even a consideration) for HTML5? If so, where is the concern around title, which is clearly featured in search engine

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-09 Thread Ian Hickson
On Fri, 9 Jan 2009, Ben Adida wrote: Is inherent resistance to spam a condition (even a consideration) for HTML5? We have to make sure that whatever we specify in HTML5 actually is going to be useful for the purpose it is intended for. If a feature intended for wide-scale automated data

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-09 Thread Ben Adida
Tab Atkins Jr. wrote: To answer your specific question, title is under the control of the site author, and search engines already have elaborate methods to tell a spammy site from a hammy one, thus downranking them. And RDFa is also entirely under the control of the site author. On the other

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-09 Thread Ben Adida
Ian Hickson wrote: We have to make sure that whatever we specify in HTML5 actually is going to be useful for the purpose it is intended for. If a feature intended for wide-scale automated data extraction is especially susceptible to spamming attacks, then it is unlikely to be useful for

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-09 Thread Ian Hickson
On Fri, 9 Jan 2009, Ben Adida wrote: SearchMonkey, which you continue to ignore, is an important use case. When did I ignore it? I discussed it in depth in my e-mail in December, listing a number of use cases and requirements that I thought it demonstrated, and asking if there were any

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-09 Thread Dan Brickley
On 10/1/09 00:37, Ian Hickson wrote: On Fri, 9 Jan 2009, Ben Adida wrote: Is inherent resistance to spam a condition (even a consideration) for HTML5? We have to make sure that whatever we specify in HTML5 actually is going to be useful for the purpose it is intended for. If a feature

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-09 Thread Calogero Alex Baldacchino
Ben Adida ha scritto: Ian Hickson wrote: We have to make sure that whatever we specify in HTML5 actually is going to be useful for the purpose it is intended for. If a feature intended for wide-scale automated data extraction is especially susceptible to spamming attacks, then it is

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-08 Thread Calogero Alex Baldacchino
Charles McCathieNevile ha scritto: On Sun, 04 Jan 2009 03:51:53 +1100, Calogero Alex Baldacchino alex.baldacch...@email.it wrote: Charles McCathieNevile ha scritto: ... it shouldn't be too difficoult to create a custom parser, comforming to RDFa spec and availing of data-* attributes...

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-08 Thread Calogero Alex Baldacchino
Charles McCathieNevile ha scritto: On Mon, 05 Jan 2009 01:21:33 +1100, Henri Sivonen hsivo...@iki.fi wrote: On Jan 2, 2009, at 14:01, Benjamin Hawkes-Lewis wrote: On 2/1/09 10:38, Henri Sivonen wrote: Is the problem in the case of recipes that the provider of the page navigation around the

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-07 Thread Charles McCathieNevile
On Mon, 05 Jan 2009 00:17:39 +1100, Henri Sivonen hsivo...@iki.fi wrote: On Jan 3, 2009, at 17:05, Dan Brickley wrote: But perhaps a more practical concern is that it unfairly biases things towards popular languages - lucky English, lucky Spanish, etc., and those that lend themselves more

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-04 Thread Charles McCathieNevile
On Sun, 04 Jan 2009 16:37:08 +1100, timeless timel...@gmail.com wrote: On Sun, Jan 4, 2009 at 3:49 AM, Charles McCathieNevile cha...@opera.com wrote: No, I don't think so. Google searches based on analysis of the open web are *not* generally more reliable than faceted searches over a

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-04 Thread Henri Sivonen
On Jan 3, 2009, at 17:05, Dan Brickley wrote: But perhaps a more practical concern is that it unfairly biases things towards popular languages - lucky English, lucky Spanish, etc., and those that lend themselves more to NLP analysis. The Web is for everyone, and people shouldn't be forced

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-04 Thread Ian Hickson
On Sun, 4 Jan 2009, Charles McCathieNevile wrote: And my further question to Ian is what are the criteria for deciding whether a case is sufficient. The process is described here: http://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/FAQ#Is_there_a_process_for_adding_new_features_to_the_spec.3F Deciding whether

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-04 Thread Henri Sivonen
On Jan 2, 2009, at 14:01, Benjamin Hawkes-Lewis wrote: On 2/1/09 10:38, Henri Sivonen wrote: More to the point, Microformats not only require per-format processing but the processing required for each Microformat isn't specified at all. That's bad. Some do have processing specified (at

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-04 Thread Charles McCathieNevile
On Mon, 05 Jan 2009 01:21:33 +1100, Henri Sivonen hsivo...@iki.fi wrote: On Jan 2, 2009, at 14:01, Benjamin Hawkes-Lewis wrote: On 2/1/09 10:38, Henri Sivonen wrote: Is the problem in the case of recipes that the provider of the page navigation around the recipe is unwilling to license the

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-03 Thread Julian Reschke
Tab Atkins Jr. wrote: ... Well, it'll require an N3 parser where previously none was needed. RDFa requires an RDFa parser as well, and in general *any* metadata requires a parser, so this point is moot. The only metadata that doesn't require a parser is no metadata at all. With RDFa, most

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-03 Thread Dan Brickley
On 3/1/09 14:02, Julian Reschke wrote: Tab Atkins Jr. wrote: ... Well, it'll require an N3 parser where previously none was needed. RDFa requires an RDFa parser as well, and in general *any* metadata requires a parser, so this point is moot. The only metadata that doesn't require a parser is

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-03 Thread Håkon Wium Lie
Also sprach Dan Brickley: My main problem with the natural language processing option is that it feels too close to waiting for Artificial Intelligence. I'd rather add 6 attributes to HTML and get on with life. :-) Personally, I think the 'class' attribute may still be a more compelling

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-03 Thread Dan Brickley
On 3/1/09 16:54, Håkon Wium Lie wrote: Also sprach Dan Brickley: My main problem with the natural language processing option is that it feels too close to waiting for Artificial Intelligence. I'd rather add 6 attributes to HTML and get on with life. :-) Another thought re NLP.

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-03 Thread Giovanni Campagna
I've tried to follow all the discussion besides of its lengths and my conclusion is: You're asking the wrong question People against RDFa in HTML5 are asking why do you need RDFa?, and supporters of the proposal are actually describing the benefits of RDFa itself. The right question is: why do

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-03 Thread Calogero Alex Baldacchino
Charles McCathieNevile ha scritto: The results of the first set of Microformats efforts were some pretty cool applications, like the following one demonstrating how a web browser could forward event information from your PC web browser to your phone via Bluetooth:

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-03 Thread Calogero Alex Baldacchino
Dan Brickley ha scritto: On 3/1/09 14:02, Julian Reschke wrote: Tab Atkins Jr. wrote: The most successful alternative is nothing at all. ^_^ We can extract copious data from web pages reliably without metadata, either using our human senses (in personal use) or natural-language-based

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-03 Thread Toby A Inkster
Calogero Alex Baldacchino wrote: My concern is: is RDFa really suitable for everyone and for Web automation? My own answer, at first glance, is no. That's because RDF(a) can perhaps address nicely very niche needs, where determining how much data can be trusted is not a problem, but in

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-03 Thread Charles McCathieNevile
On Sat, 03 Jan 2009 04:52:35 +1100, Tab Atkins Jr. jackalm...@gmail.com wrote: On Fri, Jan 2, 2009 at 12:12 AM, Charles McCathieNevile cha...@opera.com wrote: On Fri, 02 Jan 2009 05:43:05 +1100, Andi Sidwell a...@takkaria.org wrote: On 2009-01-01 15:24, Toby A Inkster wrote: The use

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-03 Thread Charles McCathieNevile
On Sun, 04 Jan 2009 03:51:53 +1100, Calogero Alex Baldacchino alex.baldacch...@email.it wrote: Charles McCathieNevile ha scritto: ... it shouldn't be too difficoult to create a custom parser, comforming to RDFa spec and availing of data-* attributes... That is, since RDFa can be emulated

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-03 Thread Calogero Alex Baldacchino
Toby A Inkster ha scritto: Calogero Alex Baldacchino wrote: My concern is: is RDFa really suitable for everyone and for Web automation? My own answer, at first glance, is no. That's because RDF(a) can perhaps address nicely very niche needs, where determining how much data can be trusted is

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-03 Thread timeless
On Sun, Jan 4, 2009 at 3:49 AM, Charles McCathieNevile cha...@opera.com wrote: No, I don't think so. Google searches based on analysis of the open web are *not* generally more reliable than faceted searches over a reliable dataset, and in some instances are less reliable. dunno. i use google

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-02 Thread Henri Sivonen
On Jan 1, 2009, at 17:24, Toby A Inkster wrote: So why RDFa and not Microformats? There's a possibility that this is a false dichotomy and both are bad. Firstly, RDFa provides a single unified parsing algorithm that Microformats do not. Separate parsers need to be created for hCalendar,

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-02 Thread Henri Sivonen
On Jan 1, 2009, at 06:41, Charles McCathieNevile wrote: There are many cases where people build their own dataset and queries to solve a local problem. As an example, Opera is not intersted in asking Google to index data related to internal developer documents, and use it to produce

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-02 Thread Benjamin Hawkes-Lewis
On 2/1/09 10:38, Henri Sivonen wrote: More to the point, Microformats not only require per-format processing but the processing required for each Microformat isn't specified at all. That's bad. Some do have processing specified (at least to some degree):

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-02 Thread Tab Atkins Jr.
On Wed, Dec 31, 2008 at 10:41 PM, Charles McCathieNevile cha...@opera.com wrote: A standard way to include arbitrary data in a web page and extract it for machine processing, without having to pre-coordinate their data models. This isn't a requirement (or in other words, a problem), it's a

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-02 Thread Tab Atkins Jr.
On Fri, Jan 2, 2009 at 12:12 AM, Charles McCathieNevile cha...@opera.com wrote: On Fri, 02 Jan 2009 05:43:05 +1100, Andi Sidwell a...@takkaria.org wrote: On 2009-01-01 15:24, Toby A Inkster wrote: The use cases for RDFa are pretty much the same as those for Microformats. Right, but

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-02 Thread Julian Reschke
Tab Atkins Jr. wrote: ... Solutions for this already exist; embedded N3 in a script tag, just to name something that Ian already mentioned, allows you to mash RDF data into a page in a machine-extractable way, and brings in any of the specific ancillary benefits of RDF. ... Well, it'll require

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-02 Thread Julian Reschke
Tab Atkins Jr. wrote: Right, but microformats can be used without any changes to the HTML language, whereas RDFa requires such changes. If they fulfill the same use cases, then there's not much point in adding RDFa. ... Why the non-response? This is precisely the point of contention. Things

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-02 Thread Tab Atkins Jr.
On Fri, Jan 2, 2009 at 11:55 AM, Julian Reschke julian.resc...@gmx.de wrote: Tab Atkins Jr. wrote: ... Solutions for this already exist; embedded N3 in a script tag, just to name something that Ian already mentioned, allows you to mash RDF data into a page in a machine-extractable way, and

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-02 Thread Tab Atkins Jr.
On Fri, Jan 2, 2009 at 12:02 PM, Julian Reschke julian.resc...@gmx.de wrote: Tab Atkins Jr. wrote: Right, but microformats can be used without any changes to the HTML language, whereas RDFa requires such changes. If they fulfill the same use cases, then there's not much point in adding

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2009-01-01 Thread Charles McCathieNevile
On Fri, 02 Jan 2009 05:43:05 +1100, Andi Sidwell a...@takkaria.org wrote: On 2009-01-01 15:24, Toby A Inkster wrote: The use cases for RDFa are pretty much the same as those for Microformats. Right, but microformats can be used without any changes to the HTML language, whereas RDFa

[whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2008-12-31 Thread Ian Hickson
One of the outstanding issues for HTML5 is the question of whether HTML5 should solve the problem that RDFa solves, e.g. by embedding RDFa straight into HTML5, or by some other method. Before I can determine whether we should solve this problem, and before I can evaluate proposals for solving

Re: [whatwg] Trying to work out the problems solved by RDFa

2008-12-31 Thread Charles McCathieNevile
Summary: I believe that there are use cases for RDFa - and that they are precisely the sort of thing that Yahoo, Google, Ask, and their ilk are not going to be interested in, since they are based on solving problems that those search engines do not efficiently solve, such as (among others)