Christian, Thanks much for posting your info & following the research as you have; access to easy / thorough testing has kept me from getting data on particle size as you have done.
I personally have done a lot of electro-plating in the past, which has similarities to the CS generating process, and was surprised to see even 27 volts being used in this process. In electroplating, 2.2VDC to 2.5VDC is used in a highly conductive plating bath to produce a fine particle size plating action on the work piece, the cathode; if as much as 4 volts is used, a coarse, grainy texture to the finished work is produced, not what is wanted. From this observation, I suspected that if too much voltage is applied in trying to overcome the initial minimal conductivity of pure distilled water, that as the current rises as the CS concentration builds up, a coarser particle size might result.... your testing methods may begin to verify this. I started from the oposite end, observing CS generation at lower voltages, and working up, with the following observations. 9 volts takes forever to overcome the initial low conductivity, and is not practical from many user's standpoint, but will generate CS. 12 volts will produce results, and could be used by someone with a solar panel system quite effectively if desired. Using part of a previous batch of CS as a starter to speed up the process is what I've been recommending for some time now. I find 15 volts works very well, without having to use other current limiting in the generating process, which then also allows current monitoring to determine the desired process end point. A relatively simple comparitor circuit can then be added to result in a "set it and walk away" system which will cut off the process at a chosen conductivity on every batch. At 15 volts with 1/4 volume 'starter' from a previous batch, I get to a current of 8mA in about 45 minutes or less in an 8 oz batch, transparent golden yellow in color. This has a TDS reading of 20 consistantly, batch after batch measured with a Hanna Instruments TDS1 meter. I do not yet have lab test results to relate this to actual CS PPM, but plan to have this teting done. If you are interested in doing so, it might be very educational to have your same lab test CS produced at reduced voltage, namely at the 15 volts that seems to be working well for us. The particle size produced at lower voltage / lower peak current levels is what I would be particularly interested in. With hot pure distilled water, 8 Ounces, and electrodes immersed 3-1/4', spaced 1/2" apart, the initial batch without using a starter will take up to 2 hours to get to the 8mA current flow level. (For a particle size test, it seems that it would be best to not use any 'starter' produced by other processes to accellerate the batch process.) I expect that electrode size/surface area/ separation are relevant to how much current can be run through a generator; if larger quantity production is the objective, it seems that much larger surface electrodes will help, primarily in minimizing the mechanical re-dispersal (by rapid Hydrogen gas evolution) of the silver 'sludge' which forms at the cathode, stripped of it's charge and reduced to elemental silver particles of larger size. (Again, I advocate use of DC, constant or pulsed, as AC polarity reversal of the electrodes may well result in the constant re-dispersal of non-charged silver particles back into the water, according to what I have been able to learn to date.) When experimenting with the 10,000Volt & over AC systems, are you rectifying the output, or using the straight AC output? Seems like rectifying it to a 50Hz pulsed DC would be something to try. I've also got another question; can your friends at the lab test to see how many of the silver particles in your CS actually are carrying the ionic charge? I would personally be very interested in the results of such a test, as Dr. Becker and others seem to be saying that it is in fact the charged silver ions that have the greatest capability to inhibit the oxygen metabolism of pathogens within the body. Thanks again for posting your results Bruce K. Stenulson Applied Technology http://web.idirect.com/~showcase/althealth/csilver.htm Christian von Wechmar wrote: > I'm still busy with my "research" but here are some of my preliminary > findings: > HVAC 12000 volt - I copied Bruce Marx's electrode setup (Thanks Warren!) to > an almost perfect match. The difference in my setup is that I use 12000 > volt ac / 50 Hz and Bruce uses 10000 volt ac / 60 Hz. In a three hour run > in one liter of water I got 7.24 PPM with an average particle size of 0.114 > micron. Not good at all... If his machine produces what he claims, he's got > a hell of a setup and I would really be tempted to buy one! Why don't you > wonderful people in the USA buy some of his bottled CS and have it tested. > ICP and the transmission electron microscope don't lie... > > 30VDC - Using three nine volt batteries and one liter of heated, super > quality distilled water I easily get 22 PPM (drawing 12 mA). But my > particle size is 0.0259 micron - not in ideal spec. It appears light > yellow, but the size is still too big... I'm busy working on this right now > to see if I can make yellow CS with particle size between 0.001 and 0.015 > micron. Has anyone made yellow CS with this particle size? -- The silver-list is a moderated forum for discussion of colloidal silver. 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