Thanks alot for all the info, I'm going thru it now.......Kathy
----- Original Message -----
From: "Norton, Steve" <stephen.nor...@ngc.com>
To: <silver-list@eskimo.com>
Sent: Thursday, June 17, 2010 4:06 PM
Subject: RE: CS>osteoporosis Part 2
My original post was too long. Here is the last part.
- Steve N
Zinc oxide:
Zinc oxide has been shown to increase IGF-1 both as an oral and topical
application. Zinc oxide is considered safe except when inhaled:
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/healthguidelines/zincoxide/recognition.html
Topical:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7899834
http://www.podiatrytoday.com/article/1894
" In another recent study, zinc oxide was found to promote
epithelialization of full thickness skin wounds by the activation of
zinc-dependent MMPs, which facilitate keratinocyte migration. The study
also demonstrated that zinc oxide augmented endogenous expression of
insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), which is fundamental in the
production of granulation tissue.1"
Oral:
http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/full/136/7/1786
Protein, milk and coffee:
http://www.2-bodybuilding.com/articles/1849-increase_igf-1_levels_natura
lly.html
" Recent studies in adult humans have consistently shown that high milk
consumption is associated with a 10 percent to 20 percent increase in
circulating IGF-1 levels in humans.10, 19-23 Even more interesting is
that a head-to-head study comparing milk to meat as a protein source has
shown that milk increases IGF-1 more profoundly than meat proteins.
Before I dive into the research, here is a brief summary of IGF-1 basics
and why increasing IGF-1 levels are important for increasing muscle
mass.
IGF-1: Anabolic And Anti-Catabolic
A number of studies have associated age-related declines in circulating
anabolic factors, including IGF-1 and testosterone, with the muscle
atrophy of aging, suggesting that these serum factors are important for
the maintenance of muscle mass. Scientists wanted to see what would
happen to muscle satellite cells of older mice if they restored their
serum levels of IGF-1 to those of young mice. Using a parabiosis model
(a parabiosis model surgically attaches the circulatory system of two
animals in this case, an older and a younger mouse), these researchers
showed that the circulating IGF-1 plays an important role in the
regenerative capabilities of skeletal muscle, including satellite cell
recruitment, as regenerative capacity was restored in aged mice provided
a young circulation.33 This study clearly shows that satellite cells of
aging muscle are influenced by serum levels of IGF-1, as chronic
exposure to serum from young animals restored the regenerative
capacities of satellite cells in old mice. Furthermore, exogenous IGF-1
applied to atrophied muscles in rats has been shown to significantly
increase muscle mass and satellite cell activity.
Protein Influences IGF-1 Concentrations
Concentrations of IGF-1 appear to be influenced by total calories,
protein intake and certain micronutrients (potassium, magnesium and
zinc), as shown in both animal and human studies.3 It has been reported
that the nutritional status, not only energy and amino acid restriction,
are critical regulators of IGF-1. For example, one study examined the
effect of protein or carbohydrate supplementation in conjunction with
strength and conditioning training on IGF-1 over a six-month period. The
results of this study indicated that a protein supplement consumed
during a strength and conditioning program led to an increase in plasma
concentrations of IGF-1 in those subjects compared with the
concentrations in a group of persons who also trained, but consumed a
calorically equivalent carbohydrate supplement.27 Endurance runners
represent the perfect diet model for how diet modifies IGF-1. Endurance
runners who consume a diet low in protein yet high in carbohydrates have
lower IGF-1 levels compared to sedentary adults consuming a Western
diet, which was high in protein and calories.15 This in conjunction with
other studies that have also found a substantial depressing effect of a
persistently used low-protein diet on circulating total and free IGF-1.
A certain amount of protein and carbohydrates are needed for IGF-1, but
the traditional high-protein/low-carbohydrate diet bodybuilders follow
causes a drop in serum levels of IGF-1 and insulin; however, muscle gene
expression of IGF-1 actually increases.34
Got IGF-1?
Most bodybuilders know that milk contains casein and is known as a slow
protein for its unique ability to coagulate in the small intestines and
release slowly into the bloodstream. Approximately 80 percent of the
protein in cows milk is casein and the remaining 20 percent is whey.
Casein proteins clot in low-pH solutions. Hence, the acidity in the
stomach makes casein clump into a gel, whereas whey remains soluble.
Both whey and casein contain specific proteins and peptides that may
have growth-stimulating effects. Additionally, the degradation of milk
proteins when they are exposed to the acid in the stomach results in
many other peptides that also may have specific effects.
Casein May Protect IGF-1 Degradation
More than just proteins, milk contains many other growth-enhancing
components. Milk also contains growth factors, prostaglandins, insulin
and other neuropeptides. Although it is unknown which components in milk
may be responsible for stimulating the IGFs, it is currently speculated
that bioactive peptides, milk IGF-1, Amino Acids or milk minerals are
involved. It has long been thought that many of the hormones and growth
factors in milk are destroyed by the pasteurization process of milk and
that the little bioactive hormones that are still present are destroyed
by liver metabolism. Some researchers speculate that some of those
growth factors may indeed be surviving the digestive process and
increasing circulating IGF-1 levels. For example, rats fed cows milk (1
percent, low fat) had higher levels of IGF-1 than those rats fed dry,
powdered milk even though total calories and protein were the same.24
How is this possible? A couple of studies have shown that radioactively
labeled IGF-1 have demonstrated intact oral absorption and plasma
bioavailability when IGF-1 is administered with the casein, the primary
component in milk. If IGF-1 is surviving the pasteurization and
digestive process, some of the bioactive growth factors such as IGF-1
may make it into circulation.
Milk Increases IGF-1
Several studies have reported that high milk intake results in higher
serum IGF-1 levels.2 Cows milk contains IGF-1 that is structurally
identical to human IGF-1.11 Despite this, it is generally thought that
IGF-1 will not retain bioactivity when delivered orally because it is
rapidly destroyed by the digestive system. This is supported by results
from a study that showed orally administrated IGF-1 was poorly
absorbed.12 Nevertheless, in a study on adult rats, it was shown that
some IGF antibodies and dietary protein casein may protect the IGF-1
from degradation in the gastrointestinal tract and increase plasma
levels.13 Dairy foods other than milk (ice cream, yogurt and cheese) do
not increase levels of IGF-1, which may be due to the fermentation
process. It is possible that either IGF-1 in cows milk or a substance in
milk that stimulates endogenous production of IGF-1 is inactivated
during the processing of milk to ice cream, yogurt or cheese. Here are
some interesting studies to think about:
A randomized study among 204 adult men and women reported that those who
consumed three 8-ounce servings per day of nonfat or 1 percent milk for
12 weeks had a 10 percent increase in serum IGF-1 levels compared to
individuals who didnt drink milk.5
In a six-month, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 80 elderly
patients with a recent hip fracture received either a 20-gram per day
protein supplement, composed of 90 percent milk protein or an isocaloric
placebo. A significant increase of circulating IGF-1 was found in the
milk group compared with the placebo group.6
In more than 1,000 participants, a positive association between protein
intake and circulating IGF-1 concentrations was found and the increased
IGF-1 concentrations was largely attributable to milk intake.7
In a study of 344 healthy, middle-aged men, milk intake was positively
associated with raised levels of IGF-1. Men in the lowest milk intake
(<1/2 pint/day) had significantly lower values of circulating IGF-1 than
those in the middle (1/2??"3/4 pint/day) and highest (1+pint/day)
tertiles.8
In a Danish study of small children, increasing milk intake from 200 to
300 m/L per day corresponded with a 30 percent increase in circulating
IGF-1.18
Milk Its Not Just For Babies!
Many studies have shown that high intakes of protein are associated with
increases in insulin and IGF-1. Several Amino Acids are potent
stimulators of insulin release when taken as a protein orally and
certain Amino Acids (branched-chain Amino Acids or BCAAs) are more
insulinogenic (increasing insulin) than are others. It has been shown
that the insulin response in healthy subjects was positively correlated
with plasma leucine, phenylalanine and tyrosine when ingested orally in
the form of drinks in combination with glucose.29 BCAAs (leucine,
isoleucine and valine) are suggested to stimulate secretion of insulin
and thereby increase serum IGF-1 levels, but there is something in milk
that increases IGF-1 greater than other proteins. In a one-week
intervention study of 24 young boys, the effect of milk or meat intake
on IGF-1 was examined. The boys were asked to consume either 1.5 liters
of skim milk daily or the same amount of animal protein as low-fat meat.
They were free to choose the rest of their diet. The high intake of milk
increased concentrations of IGF-1 by 19 percent. There were no increases
in IGF-1 in the meat group. Thus, a high intake of milk, and not a high
intake of meat, increased the concentrations of serum IGF-1.4
Milk Has A Low Glycemic Index, But A High Insulinemic Index
We may be overlooking a very obvious fact about milk it has a high
insulinemic effect. In a study based on regular milk and yogurt
products, a discrepancy between glycemic index (GI) and insulinemic
index was found; despite very low GIs (15-30), a high insulinemic index
was found (90-98) for both milk and yogurt.25 For example, one study
compared glucose and insulin responses of dry, powdered milk and whole
milk to white bread. Although the blood glucose response after the test
meals with reconstituted skim milk powder was low, the insulin response
after whole milk was not significantly distinguishable from that after
the white bread. Thus, pasteurized milk resulted in a discrepancy
between blood glucose (GI=30) and the insulin response (II=90). The
insulinotropic effect was not related only to the carbohydrate component
of milk, but also to some yet unidentified food component.
It may be the high insulin response that results in higher IGF-1
responses than meat proteins. One study comparing meat to milk insulin
responses reported that a high intake of milk more than doubled fasting
serum insulin concentrations. In the meat group, however, there was no
increase in insulin. Interestingly, the concentration of BCAAs increased
similarly in the two groups. Another study compared insulin and glucose
responses of fish to milk protein. There was a significantly larger
insulin response for subjects consuming milk protein rather than cod
protein, especially after the first hour. Additionally, there were
higher insulin/glucose ratios in the subjects after the milk protein
meal compared to the fish protein meal. The predominant Amino Acids in
fish protein are lysine, methionine and alanine, whereas in casein, its
glutamine acid, isoleucine, leucine, valine, proline, tyrosine and
histidine. As earlier stated, the BCAAs isoleucine, leucine and valine
are suggested to be most closely related to the insulin response, which
could explain that milk protein with a high amount of these Amino Acids
gives a higher insulin response.
Caffeine: Another Way Of Increasing IGF-1 Levels?
In addition to milk and a high-protein diet, it seems that caffeine may
also increase IGF-1 levels. It has been shown that coffee consumption
reduces the incidence of type 2 diabetes; new research suggests that
caffeine may increase the IGF-1-signaling pathway. After a 12-week
administration of 0.01 percent caffeine solution to diabetic rats, the
rats exhibited reduced bodyweight, fats and insulin resistance without a
change in food intake. In addition, caffeine enhanced insulin secretion.
The insulinotropic action of caffeine was explained by enhanced
IGF-1-signaling cascade. These findings indicate that long-term caffeine
consumption can help alleviate diabetic symptoms by enhancing insulin
sensitivity through improved insulin/IGF-1 signaling.14 Two large-scale
studies did find that higher levels of IGF-1 were associated with higher
coffee consumption, but more studies are needed.30, 31"
General info on IGF-1:
http://www.drragno.com/id23.html
http://www.drragno.com/id4.html
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