Thank goodness for clear writing! I admire Mr. Key's plain English and lucid explanations.
So I ask: am I correct in interpreting the information below to mean that silver ions in distilled water must be considerably smaller than the silver compounds that appear in the TEM photos? Also, I wonder if Mr. Key would be kind enough succinctly to compare the particle size of silver chloride, which he has previously stated forms in vivo following ingestion of ionic CS, with the size of the silver compounds -- mainly silver oxide -- described below. Lastly, does anyone know whether there is any data exploring the effects of silver chloride? Frank Key wrote: > > Trem wrote: > > > Let me give you some information as to how this came about. We had > Stephen Quinto (Natural > > Immunogenics) do an analysis of our CS using a transmission electron > microscope. He supplied us > > with several 5" X 7" photos of the results. These photos have a scale > attached as a reference. See > > http://silvergen.com/toppage2.htm As you can see, there is very even > distribution of the particles and > > also much uniformity of particle size. Stephen's report indicated there > were some larger particles in the > > mix. However it was apparent to me that the majority of particles were > between the range of .001 or less > > and .005 microns. Using a dial caliper to measure the smallest ones on > the photos and using the scale > > provided by Stephen showed me the smallest particles were less than .001 > microns so I put .0006 > > microns as the minimum size in our description next ! to the photos even > though the report > > indicated .001 as minimum. > > TEM images of ionic silver solutions are virtually worthless for the > following reason: > > When attempting to use a Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM) to observe > colloidal silver solutions, the sample must be desiccated to remove the > water. This removal of water forces the silver ions in solution to combine > with anions in solution to form silver compounds. This dramatically changes > what was in solution so that what is observed using the TEM now has little > relationship to what was in the solution before desiccation. For this > reason, the interpretation of TEM images of ionic solutions becomes > difficult in the extreme (read virtually impossible!). > > The TEM is sometimes used in an attempt to measure the size of particles in > solution. The U.S. National Bureau of Standards (now N.I.S.T) has determined > that it would required at least 10,000 TEM images be analyzed in order to > make a statistically valid measurement of particle size based on TEM images. > For this reason, the TEM is not considered viable for measuring particle > sizes. > > When you try to use a TEM to examine ionic silver solutions, you wind up > only seeing the silver oxide that is formed when the sample is desiccated. > You are not seeing the silver particles because the particles of silver > oxide out number the silver particles by several million to one. Below is an > explanation of what happens. > > What happens to the silver ions in solution when the water is evaporated? > Silver ions in a solution cannot exist without water, so when the water is > evaporated the silver ions (cations) must combine with an available anion to > form a compound. The predominant anions present in a silver colloid solution > are hydroxide and carbonate. The compounds thus formed are silver hydroxide > and silver carbonate. Silver hydroxide is unstable and reduces to silver > oxide and hydrogen. The silver carbonate will reduce to silver oxide and > carbon dioxide. The final compound that remains is silver oxide. > This process begins as a single silver ion is forced to combine with a > single anion forming a single molecule of the compound. The molecule has no > ionic charge and therefore no repulsive force. The lack of repulsion causes > the molecules to be attracted to each other by van der Waals' force of > attraction which causes them to aggregate and form small particles of the > compound. The size of the particle growth is limited by the reduced mobility > of the molecules as the water evaporates. What remains is particles of > silver oxide whose diameter is 1 - 3 nanometers. It is these particles which > predominate in TEM images made of silver colloid solutions which have a high > ionic content. > > frank key > www.colloidalsciencelab.com > > -- > The silver-list is a moderated forum for discussion of colloidal silver. > > Instructions for unsubscribing may be found at: http://silverlist.org > > To post, address your message to: [email protected] > > Silver-list archive: http://escribe.com/health/thesilverlist/index.html > > List maintainer: Mike Devour <[email protected]>
