Ed states: This happens in a chemical system, not in plasma where your concept would apply. Any separation of charge must take into account the surrounding electrons and atoms. A "vibration" has to take place in a local region having no connection to the chemical structure. That is the role of the Hydroton. Where is your "hydroton"?
Axil: The NiH reactor has a localized region of plasma formation only. This reactor is a pulsed system in which plasma is produced periodically in a localized zone. Most of the volume of the reactor's hydrogen envelope is a chemical system where vigorous heat driven dipole vibration of hydrogen and other elements occur. This dipole activity happens in the micro particles an nano-particles arrogates that condense out of the plasma. Ed states: I have no idea what this means and how it can happen. We know electrons can be separated from the atoms and can result in an electric current when voltage is applied. Where is the applied voltage in your case? What drives the charge separation, which requires energy? Where does the voltage gradient come from that is required to move the electrons? Without such answers, this description is just hand-waving. When two nanoparticles draw close together under the electrostatic attraction, they may come into contact at a limited connection. The electrons associated with the heat driven dipole motion will hit the dialectic hydrogen filled boundary between the nanoparticles where they will form a vortex current (hot spot). This is standard nanoplasmonic theory that has been experimentally demonstrated. The evanescent waves constrain the EMF (electrons and heat) closely to the surface of the nanoparticles and the space between them so when their wavelengths eventually match, they bind together in a pair. That is what a polariton is. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanescent_wave Ed states: Cooper pairs are known to form only at low temperature because they are very unstable. In addition, you are applying a concept used to describe electrons in superconductors to protons. What justification do you have for such a structure to form between protons at room temperature and above? How does a copper pair of p differ from H2? Axil: Piantelli shows a 6 MeV proton coming out of a nickel bar. This implies that a proton pair entered the nickel nucleus: one to produce the 6 MeV via fusion of nickel into copper and one proton to exit the nucleus to remove that energy from the nucleus. Also, the large amount of iron reported in Rossi's ash assay, requires a reaction involving two protons. The abundance of light elements in the DGT ash assay requires fusion of multiple proton pairs with nickel. It is a safe assumption that pairing of protons is occurring. Ed states: I suggest you go the next step and calculate the elements formed, their decay modes, and whether the reaction is exothermic. And then see if the consequence is consistent with what is observed. Simply making unsupported imagined statements without going the next step is not very useful. Axil: 1H+1H+62Ni => 63Zn + n + 1.974 MeV 1H+1H+62Ni => 64Zn + 13.835 MeV 1H+1H+62Ni => 63Cu + 1H + 6.122 MeV 1H+1H+62Ni => 60Ni + 4He + 9.879 MeV 1H+1H+62Ni => 4He + 4He + 56Fe + 3.495 MeV <==== this one produces iron. 1H+1H+62Ni => 52Cr + 12C + 3.249 MeV 1H+1H+62Ni => 48Ti + 16O + 1.057 MeV 1H+1H+62Ni => 34S + 30Si + 2.197 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 65Ge + n + 10.750 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 66Ge + 24.037 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 63Ga + 3H + 4.007 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 64Ga + 2H + 8.108 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 65Ga + 1H + 17.778 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 61Zn + 5He + 7.372 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 62Zn + 4He + 21.156 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 63Zn + 3He + 9.692 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 59Cu + 7Li + 3.859 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 60Cu + 6Li + 6.667 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 61Cu + 5Li + 12.713 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 56Ni + 10Be + 3.707 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 57Ni + 9Be + 7.144 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 4He + 4He + 58Ni + 17.696 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 59Ni + 7Be + 7.795 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 60Ni + 6Be + 8.507 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 55Co + 11B + 7.769 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 56Co + 10B + 6.398 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 57Co + 9B + 9.338 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 52Fe + 14C + 7.721 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 53Fe + 13C + 10.230 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 54Fe + 12C + 18.662 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 55Fe + 11C + 9.239 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 56Fe + 10C + 7.316 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 51Mn + 15N + 10.550 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 52Mn + 14N + 10.252 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 53Mn + 13N + 11.752 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 54Mn + 12N + 0.627 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 48Cr + 18O + 6.010 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 49Cr + 17O + 8.549 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 50Cr + 16O + 17.406 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 51Cr + 15O + 11.003 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 52Cr + 14O + 9.819 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 47V + 19F + 5.899 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 48V + 18F + 6.011 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 49V + 17F + 8.415 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 50V + 16F + 0.951 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 44Ti + 22Ne + 7.983 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 45Ti + 21Ne + 7.147 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 46Ti + 20Ne + 13.575 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 47Ti + 19Ne + 5.591 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 48Ti + 18Ne + 5.580 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 41Sc + 25Na + 0.410 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 42Sc + 24Na + 2.949 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 43Sc + 23Na + 8.128 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 44Sc + 22Na + 5.408 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 45Sc + 21Na + 5.662 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 39Ca + 27Mg + 4.271 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 40Ca + 26Mg + 13.471 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 41Ca + 25Mg + 10.740 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 42Ca + 24Mg + 14.890 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 43Ca + 23Mg + 6.292 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 44Ca + 22Mg + 4.275 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 37K + 29Al + 5.425 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 38K + 28Al + 8.061 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 39K + 27Al + 13.413 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 40K + 26Al + 8.155 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 41K + 25Al + 6.885 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 34Ar + 32Si + 4.868 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 35Ar + 31Si + 8.406 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 36Ar + 30Si + 17.074 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 37Ar + 29Si + 15.252 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 38Ar + 28Si + 18.617 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 39Ar + 27Si + 8.036 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 40Ar + 26Si + 4.594 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 32Cl + 34P + 0.297 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 33Cl + 33P + 9.751 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 34Cl + 32P + 11.155 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 35Cl + 31P + 15.864 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 36Cl + 30P + 12.132 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 37Cl + 29P + 11.124 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 33S + 33S + 15.582 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 34S + 32S + 18.357 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 35S + 31S + 10.301 MeV 1H+1H+1H+1H+62Ni => 36S + 30S + 7.137 MeV The last 4 produce lighter elements. There are also similar reactions for the other Ni isotopes, and also for the daughter products of the initial reactions, e.g. :- 1H+1H+64Zn => 66Ge + 10.202 MeV 1H+1H+64Zn => 65Ga + 1H + 3.942 MeV 1H+1H+64Zn => 62Zn + 4He + 7.321 MeV 1H+1H+64Zn => 4He + 4He + 58Ni + 3.860 MeV 1H+1H+64Zn => 54Fe + 12C + 4.827 MeV 1H+1H+64Zn => 50Cr + 16O + 3.571 MeV 1H+1H+64Zn => 42Ca + 24Mg + 1.055 MeV 1H+1H+64Zn => 36Ar + 30Si + 3.239 MeV 1H+1H+64Zn => 37Ar + 29Si + 1.417 MeV 1H+1H+64Zn => 38Ar + 28Si + 4.782 MeV 1H+1H+64Zn => 35Cl + 31P + 2.029 MeV 1H+1H+64Zn => 33S + 33S + 1.746 MeV 1H+1H+64Zn => 34S + 32S + 4.522 MeV Ed states: I have no idea how a magnetic field "shines" on a boundary. This combination of words makes no sense to me. Axil: A polariton is a photon and an electron locked together in a pair. This pair orbits around a cavity on its edge. The spin of all polaritons are pointed such that the polariton ensemble produces a magnetic field at the center of the soliton perpendicular to the circular polariton current (whirlpool). This current is superconducting. When photons and electrons enter into the soliton, they don't exit. By the way, polariton solitons are used as a research tool to understand the behavior of astrophysical black holes. I believe that the magnetic field projections from the soliton screen the charge of all fermions in the nucleus including the nucleus and all protons in the neighborhood. When the nucleus and many di-protons pairs around it reorganizes, gamma energy travels back on the magnetic field lines from the soliton and the photons gain energy generating increase magnetic field strengths going forward. The magnetic fields produced by such solitons can get huge. The spin of the polariton produces the magnetic field in the same way that an iron magnet produces a magnetic field; that is through spin alignment except that it has only one pole. Charge movement does not produce a current. The magnetic field projects out of a polariton ring normal to it in one direction or the opposite direction depending on the spin orientation of the polariton.. On Mon, Feb 10, 2014 at 11:02 AM, Edmund Storms <[email protected]>wrote: > > On Feb 10, 2014, at 8:30 AM, Axil Axil wrote: > > Thanks Ed > > My concept of the LENR reaction is a passive one. Yours is a more active > one. > > > Axil, I would say your concept uses one aspect of a theoretical concept > while my concept involves the entire LENR process. > > > According to my current way of thinking, dipole vibration maintains the > separation of electron and proton in hydrogen. > > This happens in a chemical system, not in plasma where your concept would > apply. Any separation of charge must take into account the surrounding > electrons and atoms. A "vibration" has to take place in a local region > having no connection to the chemical structure. That is the role of the > Hydroton. Where is your "hydroton"? > > These separated electrons are then sequestered and redirected into the > NAE (aka soliton) by topological discontinuity in the lattice and become > part of the polariton ensemble inside the NAE. > > > I have no idea what this means and how it can happen. We know electrons > can be separated from the atoms and can result in an electric current when > voltage is applied. Where is the applied voltage in your case? What drives > the charge separation, which requires energy? Where does the voltage > gradient come from that is required to move the electrons? Without such > answers, this description is just hand-waving. > > The naked protons are then acted upon by the EMF based charge screening > effects of the NAE. With their coulomb repulsion completely removed, these > protons become attractive to each other and pair up based on their opposing > spins to form cooper pairs. > > Cooper pairs are known to form only at low temperature because they are > very unstable. In addition, you are applying a concept used to describe > electrons in superconductors to protons. What justification do you have for > such a structure to form between protons at room temperature and above? > How does a copper pair of p differ from H2? > > The next step is a group fusion process where these multiple cooper pairs > of protons fuse with a high Z element in a group fusion process in a zone > of almost complete charge screening. > > > This makes no sense. I have no idea what you are describing here. > > For example, 8 protons (4 cooper pairs) might fuse with a nickel atom to > produce multiple light elements which might include multiple helium atoms. > > I suggest you go the next step and calculate the elements formed, their > decay modes, and whether the reaction is exothermic. And then see if the > consequence is consistent with what is observed. Simply making unsupported > imagined statements without going the next step is not very useful. > > The charge screening comes from the NAE. The ions that are to be fused are > all very close by the soliton and located in the solid boundaries of the > lattice defect. The very strong magnetic field coming from the NAE is the > coulomb barrier screening field. This magnetic field shines brightly on the > solid boundaries of the NAE where complete screening of the coulomb barrier > occurs. > > > I have no idea how a magnetic field "shines" on a boundary. This > combination of words makes no sense to me. > > Ed Storms > > > > > > On Mon, Feb 10, 2014 at 9:25 AM, Edmund Storms <[email protected]>wrote: > >> Axil, I hope you realize the Hydroton, which I propose allows the fusion >> reaction to take place and dissipates the energy, involves resonance of >> electrons coupled to hydrogen atoms. I'm describing the structure in which >> the polariton would operate. So far you have not supplied this essential >> feature in your concept. No matter which mechanism is proposed, it MUST >> operate in a collection of hydrogen nuclei that form by normal chemical >> processes. That structure is the Hydroton. Once this structure is >> identified, several consequences result and many behaviors can be >> explained. You might consider how your idea relates the entire mechanism I >> propose. >> >> Ed Storms >> >> On Feb 10, 2014, at 5:50 AM, Axil Axil wrote: >> >> *Fusion by Pseudo-Particles Part 1 Past, Present and Future >> *<http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CCcQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infinite-energy.com%2Fiemagazine%2Fissue107%2Ffusion.html&ei=fMf4UqCdAaLXyAHjkIGoCw&usg=AFQjCNHgR2buciUArxiJKPs6HEO1r1D-Mw&sig2=-s1tlcoJnwCN6GFpl0DIIA&bvm=bv.60983673,d.dmQ> >> >> >> http://www.egely.hu/letoltes/Fusion-by-Pseudo-Particles-Part1.pdf >> >> I have come across a fellow traveler who can express the truth about the >> central role of the polariton in LENR and understands why this fact is so. >> >> >> >> >> > >
