Thank you very much.

Best wishes
With seasonal felicitations
John Woodgate OOO-Own Opinions Only
Rayleigh, Essex UK www.woodjohn.uk

On 2019-12-30 21:23, John Allen wrote:

John W & Friends

Earlier this afternoon, we were visiting a friend of my wife and her partner – and, later during a general conversation, the latter and I got around to “risk assessment” (in the context of the Grenfell tower block fire disaster a couple of years ago), and so I outlined to him the “Severity V Probability” “equation, a*/_nd thus how one has to very fully understand both aspects and the “balance” between them._/*

I then gave an example: A hungry Polar bear is a dangerous animal and would probably consider “me” as food (and thus “Severity” = “fatal”!) should I ever be in his presence, whereas the “Probability” of finding a loose wild and hungry Polar bear in West London is, at least for the “foreseeable” future, “very remote” ;).

OTOH, should  I climb a long ladder “to do work” on the outside of the house and then fall (thus the “Severity” could be “fatal”), and the “Probability” of me falling off that ladder is “highish” (UK “domestic” accidents stats points to that being one of the biggest causes of requiring people urgent hospital care, even if they did not immediately die!)  - thus the “Risk level” is high, as is using sharp/pointed implements like widely available knives and other sharp-edged tools.

_Thus, John W’s comment that “human foresight, in the present state of knowledge, could not foresee it” is most certainly “highly relevant/appropriate”. _

**

John E Allen

W. London, UK

---

*From:*John Woodgate [mailto:j...@woodjohn.uk]
*Sent:* 30 December 2019 20:41
*To:* EMC-PSTC@LISTSERV.IEEE.ORG
*Subject:* Re: [PSES] [EXTERNAL] Re: [PSES] act of God versus safety

The volcanologists are not good enough. No human knowledge is exhaustive.  It fits fairly well with your cited definition:

/an act or occurrence so extraordinary and unprecedented that human foresight could not foresee or guard against it/

but I think the definition is 'over-egged': I would shorten it to:

/an act or occurrence that human foresight could not foresee or guard against/

Volcanoes erupt, so an eruption is not 'extraordinary and unprecedented', but human foresight, in the present state of knowledge, could not foresee it.

Best wishes
With seasonal felicitations
John Woodgate OOO-Own Opinions Only
Rayleigh, Essex UKwww.woodjohn.uk  <http://www.woodjohn.uk>

On 2019-12-30 19:34, Richard Nute wrote:

    Hi Ted:

    I picked the reference from David Lazarus’ December 24^th column
    from the LA Times:

    
https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2019-12-24/acts-of-god-consumer-contract

    He says, “… that “acts of God” is cited so frequently as an excuse
    for not meeting corporate obligations.”

    In considering the safety of a product, if a product met the
    standard but still caused an injury, could or would a corporation
    invoke that the injury was an “act of God” to absolve itself from
    liability as corporations appear to do for other obligations?

    We’re all biased here.  We are “good guys.”  We believe it
    behooves the manufacturer to take all steps – none of which are
    “acts of God” -- to prevent injury from a product.

    Best wishes for the holiday season,

    Rich

    PS:  Many would say that the eruption of the White Island volcano
    was an “act of God.”  While volcanic activity was monitored,
    volcanologists did not predict the violent eruption.  Either the
    volcanologists were not good enough, or the eruption was an “act
    of God”?

    *From:* Ted Eckert <000007cf6ebeab9d-dmarc-requ...@ieee.org>
    <mailto:000007cf6ebeab9d-dmarc-requ...@ieee.org>
    *Sent:* Monday, December 30, 2019 8:11 AM
    *To:* EMC-PSTC@LISTSERV.IEEE.ORG <mailto:EMC-PSTC@LISTSERV.IEEE.ORG>
    *Subject:* Re: [PSES] [EXTERNAL] Re: [PSES] act of God versus safety

    First, I am not licensed to practice law in any jurisdiction. Take
    what I say as the view of an engineers with only limited
    experience in this area.

    The term “Act of God” generally is limited to contract law and to
    insurance law. It is also generally limited to natural events such
    as earthquakes, tornados and such. It is unlikely that a court in
    the United States would accept a claim of an “Act of God” in a
    product liability case. Rich gives a brief statement from a 1944
    Florida case, but that statement neither includes context nor
    takes into account decades of case law and precedent that provide
    the current interpretation of the phrase.

    As engineers, it can be fun to play with ideas such as “Act of
    God”, but it should be clear that this is just an attempt at humor
    and has little effect on liability in product design.

    The opinions expressed are my own and do not necessarily reflect
    those of my employer.

    *From:* John Woodgate <j...@woodjohn.uk <mailto:j...@woodjohn.uk>>
    *Sent:* Sunday, December 29, 2019 6:41 PM
    *To:* EMC-PSTC@LISTSERV.IEEE.ORG <mailto:EMC-PSTC@LISTSERV.IEEE.ORG>
    *Subject:* [EXTERNAL] Re: [PSES] act of God versus safety

    Does that prove that at least one god exists?

    Best wishes

    With seasonal felicitations

    John Woodgate OOO-Own Opinions Only

    Rayleigh, Essex UKwww.woodjohn.uk  
<https://nam06.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.woodjohn.uk&data=02%7C01%7Cted.eckert%40microsoft.com%7C32c7554ee7b84ede46c508d78cd1cacf%7C72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7C0%7C0%7C637132704988333332&sdata=vyoyjbn6klAW5msJwV6gqgV8sXjeTGqbhOmuITwHatc%3D&reserved=0>

    On 2019-12-30 02:09, Scott wrote:

        If you do a thorough hazard analysis, an act of god is obvious!

        Scott

        Sent from my iPhone

            On Dec 29, 2019, at 8:37 PM, Doug Powell
            <doug...@gmail.com> <mailto:doug...@gmail.com> wrote:

        

        Rich,

        While many standards do indeed refer to foreseeable events,
        misuse, etc. I'm not certain this would automatically confer
        Act of God status to an unforeseen event. This hypothetical
        event may be a case of degrees and not of two extremes,
        especially in the case of a formerly unforeseeable and now
        preventable situation. Isn't this how many standards are
        developed over the years?

        I still remember shoe stores in the 1950s that offered
        real-time x-ray of how well shoes fit the customer's feet. An
        unforeseeable hazard at the time and now incredibly obvious.
        Would injury in the former time be an Act of God?

        Best wishes, Doug

        *From:*ri...@ieee.org <mailto:ri...@ieee.org>

        *Sent:*December 29, 2019 5:19 PM

        *To:*EMC-PSTC@LISTSERV.IEEE.ORG
        <mailto:EMC-PSTC@LISTSERV.IEEE.ORG>

        *Reply-to:*ri...@ieee.org <mailto:ri...@ieee.org>

        *Subject:*[PSES] act of God versus safety

        The Florida state Supreme Court ruled in 1944 that an act of
        God is “an act or occurrence so extraordinary and
        unprecedented that human foresight could not foresee or guard
        against it.”

        If a product that complies with a safety standard injures a
        person, is the injury an act of God?

        Best wishes for the holiday season,

        Rich

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This message is from the IEEE Product Safety Engineering Society emc-pstc discussion list. To post a message to the list, send your e-mail to <emc-p...@ieee.org <mailto:emc-p...@ieee.org>>

All emc-pstc postings are archived and searchable on the web at: http://www.ieee-pses.org/emc-pstc.html

Attachments are not permitted but the IEEE PSES Online Communities site at http://product-compliance.oc.ieee.org/ can be used for graphics (in well-used formats), large files, etc.

Website: http://www.ieee-pses.org/
Instructions: http://www.ieee-pses.org/list.html (including how to unsubscribe)
List rules: http://www.ieee-pses.org/listrules.html

For help, send mail to the list administrators:
Scott Douglas <sdoug...@ieee.org <mailto:sdoug...@ieee.org>>
Mike Cantwell <mcantw...@ieee.org <mailto:mcantw...@ieee.org>>

For policy questions, send mail to:
Jim Bacher <j.bac...@ieee.org <mailto:j.bac...@ieee.org>>
David Heald <dhe...@gmail.com <mailto:dhe...@gmail.com>>


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This message is from the IEEE Product Safety Engineering Society emc-pstc discussion 
list. To post a message to the list, send your e-mail to <emc-p...@ieee.org>

All emc-pstc postings are archived and searchable on the web at:
http://www.ieee-pses.org/emc-pstc.html

Attachments are not permitted but the IEEE PSES Online Communities site at 
http://product-compliance.oc.ieee.org/ can be used for graphics (in well-used 
formats), large files, etc.

Website:  http://www.ieee-pses.org/
Instructions:  http://www.ieee-pses.org/list.html (including how to unsubscribe)
List rules: http://www.ieee-pses.org/listrules.html

For help, send mail to the list administrators:
Scott Douglas <sdoug...@ieee.org>
Mike Cantwell <mcantw...@ieee.org>

For policy questions, send mail to:
Jim Bacher:  <j.bac...@ieee.org>
David Heald: <dhe...@gmail.com>

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