Phenomenology is (with math) the underpinning of both scientific inquiry and everyday reasoning. Improve one's capability for observation and classification and you improve his/her ability to think and reason. Neglected Argument has interesting things to say about the categories and this process as does What Pragmatism Is.
On Tue, Aug 31, 2021, 9:26 AM Jon Alan Schmidt <jonalanschm...@gmail.com> wrote: > Robert, Phyllis, Jon A., List: > > I agree with Robert's caveat, although he once again cites Peirce's very > early (c. 1894-1896) classification, which completely omits the *distinct > *science that he later calls "phenomenology" and then "phaneroscopy." > After all, the task of *every *scientist in *every *discipline is "to > observe and to classify observations." In Peirce's classification, what > differentiates any one science from the others is its *purpose *and the > resulting focus of its *attention*. As quoted by Gary F. to this effect > last week, Peirce states the following in a letter to William James. > > CSP: Psychology, you may say, observes the same facts as phenomenology > does. No. It does not *observe *the same facts. It looks upon the same > world;--the same world that the astronomer looks at. But what it > *observes *in that world is different. (CP 8.297, 1904) > > > As Peirce writes two paragraphs earlier, phenomenology here is "just the > analysis of what kind of constituents there are in our thoughts and lives" > (CP 8.295). The example below may be "phenomenology" in *another *sense, > but not in accordance with *Peirce's *definitions. > > Regards, > > Jon Alan Schmidt - Olathe, Kansas, USA > Structural Engineer, Synechist Philosopher, Lutheran Christian > www.LinkedIn.com/in/JonAlanSchmidt - twitter.com/JonAlanSchmidt > > On Tue, Aug 31, 2021 at 11:11 AM robert marty <robert.mart...@gmail.com> > wrote: > >> Without forgetting that they classify their observations "with the >> purpose of identifying their forms with those mathematics has studied, " ( >> [C.S. >> Peirce, 1976: NEM, vol III.2 1122], MS 1345) otherwise there would be >> only empirical sciences, and we would still be at the physics of Aristotle >> and the chemistry of phlogiston. >> Honorary Professor; Ph.D. Mathematics; Ph.D. Philosophy >> fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Marty >> *https://martyrobert.academia.edu/ <https://martyrobert.academia.edu/>* >> >> Le mar. 31 août 2021 à 17:47, Phyllis Chiasson < >> phyllis.marie.chias...@gmail.com> a écrit : >> >>> Thank you for this. Peirce said that the task of the phenomenologist is >>> to observe and to classify observations. This is a good example of that. >>> >>> On Tue, Aug 31, 2021, 8:30 AM Jon Awbrey <jawb...@att.net> wrote: >>> >>>> All, >>>> >>>> Continuing with our Phenomenological∫Phaneroscopic survey of colleges >>>> and their course catalogues, let's take up the sample Gary R. supplied and >>>> see how Phenomenology is manifested there. >>>> >>>> Searching the Azusa Pacific University site on “Phenomenology” I get >>>> exactly one hit: >>>> >>>> • https://www.apu.edu/articles/search/?q=Phenomenology&Search=#results >>>> >>>> Result 1 >>>> >>>> On Living and Aging: The Voices of the Oldest Old >>>> >>>> Over the course of their very long lives, these oldest-old people >>>> developed vibrant habits of the heart and mind that inspired them to focus >>>> on the good and live with gratitude. >>>> >>>> • >>>> https://www.apu.edu/articles/on-living-and-aging-the-voices-of-the-oldest-old/ >>>> >>>> The haul this time is one superb article. It exemplifies one of the >>>> most important and interesting styles of phenomenology as I knew it in the >>>> real world of qualitative observational research studies. It would do a few >>>> of the members of this List a world of good to come down from their >>>> Phaneroscopic Towers and study what real researchers in real sciences do on >>>> their day jobs. >>>> >>>> Regards, >>>> >>>> Jon >>>> >>>> <QUOTE Julie Pusztai:> >>>> > >>>> > On Living and Aging: The Voices of the Oldest Old by Julie Pusztai >>>> > >>>> > Hardly a day passed when I did not talk to someone growing old or >>>> someone with an aging parent, spouse, family >>>> > member, or friend. This includes my own father, a member of that >>>> growing population age 85 and older—the oldest old. >>>> > I wondered how they lived with all the changes and was eager to >>>> understand. Phenomenology, my doctoral research >>>> > approach, provided a way to listen to them—to examine this most >>>> ordinary, yet extraordinary, experience of growing >>>> > very, very old with its losses and gains, sadness and happiness, >>>> satisfaction and disappointment, and sense of >>>> > meaning and purpose. >>>> > >>>> > Phenomenology investigates the actual lived experience of a >>>> phenomenon by describing and interpreting narrative data. >>>> > Thirteen people from 87 to 100 years old who represented diverse >>>> backgrounds, ethnicities, and genders participated >>>> > in my study. They shared their stories with me during three separate >>>> interviews that focused on their life history, >>>> > typical day, and experiences of aging. Each approached these late >>>> years influenced by the unique context of their >>>> > past, present, and envisioned future. All had their own tale to tell, >>>> and all shared with honesty. >>>> > >>>> > Most people recognize the physical changes that occur as a result of >>>> living a very long life. When the body reaches >>>> > oldest-old age, it speaks loudly. Caregivers must listen attentively >>>> to gauge the impact this has on the individual’s >>>> > life and the person’s resulting daily challenges. Practical matters >>>> need attention and falls must be prevented. >>>> > Slowness and fatigue persist, and living with pain may become the new >>>> normal. Losses of vision, hearing, and memory, >>>> > even the ability to walk without assistance, usually lead to >>>> surrendering drivers’ licenses and the dreaded decrease >>>> > of independence and increase of dependence. While all of these >>>> limitations produced significant, personal meaning, it >>>> > was through listening and relistening to the narratives of these 13 >>>> people that I began discerning the hard work and >>>> > intentionality used to prevent these challenges and changes from >>>> determining their attitudes. They walk on a >>>> > tightrope, gripping their balance pole to remain hopeful and positive. >>>> > >>>> > One factor that helps them maintain that balance is staying >>>> connected, largely through family. The narrators >>>> > explained that they gained great satisfaction from strengthening >>>> family ties, discovering the trustworthiness of >>>> > children, and feeling celebrated and important to others. And while >>>> most identified aspects of a satisfying life, >>>> > some could not. A few respondents stated: “I can’t think of anything >>>> positive.” Such bleakness and discouragement >>>> > signal a red flag to caregivers and loved ones to respond with >>>> support and encouragement. >>>> > >>>> > Those who exhibited prevailing positivity, however, revealed a common >>>> pattern. Over the course of their very long, >>>> > and at times difficult, lives, these oldest-old people developed >>>> vibrant habits of the heart and mind that inspired >>>> > them to focus on the good and live with gratitude. One comment still >>>> rings in my ears: “What does it profit?” Without >>>> > exception, these wise elders recognized that no good comes from >>>> dwelling on the challenges and changes that >>>> > confronted them. Instead, “I like thinking of good things,” “I just >>>> go with the flow,” and “I choose to be positive” >>>> > became lifelong practices. They consider themselves survivors, and >>>> they have a discipline that leads them to hope and >>>> > positivity. As an 88-year-old woman expressed, “It’s a thing of >>>> learning . . . learning a new way of being and >>>> > doing.” The themes of “I can” and “I cannot” in the aging experience >>>> take on deep and rich meaning when employed to >>>> > understand the losses at that stage of life. This resulted in >>>> corresponding changes in the “I ams” and “I am nots” >>>> > and the relinquishment of long-held notions of identity. In the face >>>> of this, we can recognize and support the >>>> > resilience in these survivors and affirm new ways of being. >>>> > >>>> > Very old age reminds us all of our mortality. These people in their >>>> ninth and tenth decades took advantage of today, >>>> > knowing tomorrow cannot be taken for granted. This boundary speaks to >>>> them about what is meaningful, what matters, >>>> > and where to channel their energy. Living in positive relationships >>>> provides the love, care, and source of purpose >>>> > and meaning for being in the world. They serve as reminders of >>>> meaning that can get lost when one is weary, the days >>>> > are long, and the walk on the tightrope seems especially arduous. >>>> Helping our aging loved ones work through losses >>>> > and find purpose constitutes a foundation of support. While spending >>>> time with the oldest old, I had the pleasure to >>>> > learn that on most days, they balance on that tightrope; they taught >>>> me the importance of not yoking our most senior >>>> > seniors with the burden of aging “successfully.” Instead, we need to >>>> know such elders well, understand what aging >>>> > means to them, and hold them close, knowing that we will most likely >>>> inherit their place and seek to do so with the >>>> > same measure of grace and dignity we can learn from them. >>>> > >>>> > Posted: July 18, 2016 >>>> > >>>> > Julie Pusztai, Ph.D., RN, is director of the Azusa Neighborhood >>>> Wellness Center and an assistant professor in the >>>> > School of Nursing. jpusz...@apu.edu >>>> > >>>> > Originally published in the Summer '16 issue of APU Life. Download >>>> the PDF or view all issues. >>>> </QUOTE> >>> >>> _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ > ► PEIRCE-L subscribers: Click on "Reply List" or "Reply All" to REPLY ON > PEIRCE-L to this message. 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