Re: Address 127.0.1.1
On Fri, May 24, 2024 at 05:22:13PM +0100, Joe wrote: > On Fri, 24 May 2024 11:40:30 -0400 > Greg Wooledge wrote: > > > On Fri, May 24, 2024 at 05:22:14PM +0200, Marco Moock wrote: > > > Am 24.05.2024 um 17:17:45 Uhr schrieb to...@tuxteam.de: > > > > > > > On Fri, May 24, 2024 at 04:49:18PM +0200, Marco Moock wrote: > > > > > > > > [...] > > > > > > > > > If you operate mail servers, you must have a FQDN. .lan can't be > > > > > used for the global DNS stuff, so set a proper FQDN that > > > > > belongs to you. > > > > > > > > I think this is wrong in that sweeping generality. > > > > > > In the case it should communicate with other MTAs in the internet, > > > this will be true because many of them require a resolvable (also > > > reverse) FQDN in HELO/EHLO that matches the IPv4/IPv6 addresses of > > > the server. > > > > Most MTAs do not look in /etc/hosts when reading their configuration. > > Whatever name they identify with (in the HELO or EHLO command) comes > > from some MTA-specific configuration file. > > > > Thus, the contents of /etc/hosts are for *other* things, not related > > to MTA configuration. Just being able to resolve your own hostname > > to any address that "works" is the goal. 127.0.1.1 works well for > > this, which is why Debian uses it as the default. If you've got a > > static LAN address, you can use that instead. > > > > Long ago, lo used to be just 127.0.0.1, which is what most people would > try to ping to check localhost, and what appeared in /etc/hosts. There > is some subtle reason, which I used to know but have now long forgotten, > why Debian started using 127.0.1.1 in /etc/hosts instead. As far as I'm > aware, any 127. address will resolve to localhost. > My understanding is that 127.0.1.1 is used for hostnames defined by the user on setup. In setup, you don't specify an IP for your box, so the hostname goes in the 127.0.1.1. Later, the user can edit the hosts file to specify a fixed IP if he has one. Paul -- Paul M. Foster Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster
Re: Aliases and OpenSMTPD
On Fri, May 24, 2024 at 06:40:09PM +0200, to...@tuxteam.de wrote: > On Fri, May 24, 2024 at 11:45:56AM -0400, Paul M Foster wrote: > > Folks: > > [...] > > > If I send an email directly to pa...@yosemite.mars.lan from buckaroo, it > > arrives. That means this config can do what it's designed to do, basically. > > However, mails to "root" on buckaroo don't get to yosemite. They should, > > because my /etc/aliases table looks like this: > > > > --- > > ... > > rootpa...@yosemite.mars.lan > > --- > > Still out of my depth with OpenSMTPD, but... good ol' aliases,of sendmail > lore would have a colon after the "root" up there. The MTAs I know of > all have inherited that. There is a colon in my aliases file. I just omitted it in the email. Paul -- Paul M. Foster Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster
Re: Address 127.0.1.1
On Fri, May 24, 2024 at 11:40:30AM -0400, Greg Wooledge wrote: > On Fri, May 24, 2024 at 05:22:14PM +0200, Marco Moock wrote: > > Am 24.05.2024 um 17:17:45 Uhr schrieb to...@tuxteam.de: > > > > > On Fri, May 24, 2024 at 04:49:18PM +0200, Marco Moock wrote: > > > > > > [...] > > > > > > > If you operate mail servers, you must have a FQDN. .lan can't be > > > > used for the global DNS stuff, so set a proper FQDN that belongs to > > > > you. > > > > > > I think this is wrong in that sweeping generality. > > > > In the case it should communicate with other MTAs in the internet, this > > will be true because many of them require a resolvable (also reverse) > > FQDN in HELO/EHLO that matches the IPv4/IPv6 addresses of the server. > > Most MTAs do not look in /etc/hosts when reading their configuration. > Whatever name they identify with (in the HELO or EHLO command) comes > from some MTA-specific configuration file. > > Thus, the contents of /etc/hosts are for *other* things, not related to > MTA configuration. Just being able to resolve your own hostname to any > address that "works" is the goal. 127.0.1.1 works well for this, which > is why Debian uses it as the default. If you've got a static LAN address, > you can use that instead. I should note that this is apparently not true for OpenSMTPD. In fact, there is or was a bug in it, such that if you had two instances of 127.0.0.1 in your hosts file, OpenSMTPD would fail with a message that it couldn't listen on address 127.0.0.1 because it was already in use (or somesuch). Paul -- Paul M. Foster Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster
Aliases and OpenSMTPD
Folks: This may require someone who's familiar with OpenSMTPD. I have a machine which does backups (buckaroo) and a desktop (yosemite) which is my main machine. When anacron kicks off the backup, it should create an email for root to detail what happened. Buckaroo is headless, so I want that email to come to me at yosemite. (All this is on a LAN.) I'm using OpenSMTPD on buckaroo to handle mail. Here's my config: --- # $OpenBSD: smtpd.conf,v 1.10 2018/05/24 11:40:17 gilles Exp $ # This is the smtpd server system-wide configuration file. # See smtpd.conf(5) for more information. table aliases file:/etc/aliases table secrets file:/etc/secrets listen on localhost action "relay" relay host smtp+notls://@yosemite.mars.lan:25 auth match from local for any action "relay" --- If I send an email directly to pa...@yosemite.mars.lan from buckaroo, it arrives. That means this config can do what it's designed to do, basically. However, mails to "root" on buckaroo don't get to yosemite. They should, because my /etc/aliases table looks like this: --- ... rootpa...@yosemite.mars.lan --- But it appears that OpenSMTPD doesn't consult this table unless explicitly instructed to. According to man smtpd.conf(5), you can tell it to scan through aliases, but only on local delivery, not if the email is outbound. So does anyone know how to make OpenSMTPD do alias conversions on outbound mail? Or alternatively, is there a way to hack Debian so that mails generated from root processes to go an offsite email rather than just root? Paul -- Paul M. Foster Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster
Address 127.0.1.1
Folks: In my /etc/hosts file, there's a line: 127.0.1.1 yosemite.mars.lan yosemite I think Debian put it there. Later in the file, I've got: 192.168.254.30 yosemite.mars.lan yosemite So there are two entries for the same (my) machine. Is this a problem? Specifically, could it cause problems with email (Exim4 or OpenSMTPD)? Paul -- Paul M. Foster Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster
Re: OpenSMTPD can't parse smarthost
On Thu, May 23, 2024 at 01:50:21PM -0400, Jeffrey Walton wrote: > On Thu, May 23, 2024 at 12:08 PM Paul M Foster > wrote: > > > > On Thu, May 23, 2024 at 12:54:31AM -0400, Jeffrey Walton wrote: > >[...] > > > Also, I think you should be using *.home.arpa, and not *.lan. > > > home.arpa is reserved for private use by ICANN and the IETF. I suspect > > > *.lan is not reserved for private use. > > > > On a LAN, you can use anything you like. I've used .mars.lan for decades > > with no difficulty. > > Citation, please. > I have none. But contrary to whatever the Deities Of The Internet say, I've been successfully using *.mars.lan for decades, and others before that, like *.venus.lan. On a LAN where addresses are not interenet routable, you are, de facto, able to use what you prefer. As long as your /etc/hosts file and your router agree, there is no code in any application I'm aware of which prohibits the practice. If I ever set up a totally new LAN, I may go with *.home though. Or maybe *.local, as I've heard Macs like that. Paul -- Paul M. Foster Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster
Re: OpenSMTPD can't parse smarthost
On Thu, May 23, 2024 at 07:19:08AM +0200, Kamil Jońca wrote: > Kamil Jońca writes: > > [...] > > [...] > >> action "relay" relay host smtp+notls://pa...@yosemite.mars.lan:25 auth > >> > >> > > > > I have some opensmtpd config around and this line should work. > > My suspects are: > > 1. whitespaces / end lines - have you test your config with xxd to check > > if there CRLF for rexample ? > > 2. do you have a line > > > > --8<---cut here---start->8--- > > paulf username:password > > --8<---cut here---end--->8--- > > > > in your secrets file? > > HTH > > After closer look I have another doubt: > https://man.openbsd.org/smtpd.conf > says: > --8<---cut here---start->8--- > The label corresponds to an entry in a credentials table, as documented > in table(5). It is used with the “smtp+tls” and “smtps” protocols for > authentication. Server certificates for those protocols are verified by > default. > > --8<---cut here---end--->8--- > So if you use smtp+notls or pure smtp - maybe 'paulf@' is wrong > here? I think you may be right. Paul -- Paul M. Foster Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster
Re: OpenSMTPD can't parse smarthost
On Thu, May 23, 2024 at 12:54:31AM -0400, Jeffrey Walton wrote: > On Thu, May 23, 2024 at 12:43 AM Paul M Foster > wrote: [snip] > > On the video server, run nslookup and see if it can resolve yosemite.mars.lan. Nslookup fails. However, yosemite.mars.lan is in the hosts file and you can successfully ping it. It has a fixed (local) IP, which was set in the router. I don't understand why nslookup fails when buckaroo knows who yosemite is. > > Looking at the string smtp+notls://pa...@yosemite.mars.lan:25, it > looks more like a url than a hostname. Maybe that is confusing your > mail agent. However, this is standard usage, according to the smptd.conf(5) man page. > > Also, I think you should be using *.home.arpa, and not *.lan. > home.arpa is reserved for private use by ICANN and the IETF. I suspect > *.lan is not reserved for private use. On a LAN, you can use anything you like. I've used .mars.lan for decades with no difficulty. Paul -- Paul M. Foster Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster
Re: OpenSMTPD can't parse smarthost
On Thu, May 23, 2024 at 06:38:11AM +0200, to...@tuxteam.de wrote: > On Wed, May 22, 2024 at 09:37:18PM -0400, Paul M Foster wrote: > > Folks: > > > > Here's a shot in the dark. I've looked up and down the internet, and can't > > find a solution. > > [...] > > > "warn: Failed to parse smarthost smtp+notls://pa...@yosemite.mars.lan:25" > > > > Note that the "protocol" doesn't matter. I can use "smtp" alone as the > > protocol, and it still won't parse. And yes, yosemite.mars.lan is in my > > local hosts file. > > But "p...@yosemite.mars.lan" doesn't look like a host (unless you are > trying to sneak in the creds in the URL -- then I'd expect something > like user:pass@host). No idea how opensmtp works and whether it tries > to parse credentials off the URL. > > Have you tried leaving out the "paul@" part? Do you have access credentials > elsewhere in your config (typically they are in a separate file to better > control access to that). The smarthost URL is straight out of the man page. The "paulf@" part allows OpenSMTP to figure which credential in the "secrets" file to use. However, I took your advice and lopped off the "paulf@" from the URL, and managed to get an email through. Go figure. Paul -- Paul M. Foster Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster
OpenSMTPD can't parse smarthost
Folks: Here's a shot in the dark. I've looked up and down the internet, and can't find a solution. I have a mini PC which just serves up videos. Daily it backs up to an attached drive. This happens with a script in /etc/cron.daily, which typically emails results to root. In my case it's aliased to me. I have OpenSMTPD installed with this config: --- # $OpenBSD: smtpd.conf,v 1.10 2018/05/24 11:40:17 gilles Exp $ # This is the smtpd server system-wide configuration file. # See smtpd.conf(5) for more information. table aliases file:/etc/aliases table secrets file:/etc/secrets listen on localhost action "relay" relay host smtp+notls://pa...@yosemite.mars.lan:25 auth match from local for any action "relay" --- Note: yosemite is my desktop machine; that where I want the mail to be sent. "paulf" is a tag in the secrets file. Note that this connection between the mini PC (buckaroo) and yosemite should be a plain text connection, very simple. My username and password are in the secrets file. When I attempt to send a test message to check this all works (via swaks or mail), I get an error message in the /var/log/mail.log file which says: "warn: Failed to parse smarthost smtp+notls://pa...@yosemite.mars.lan:25" Note that the "protocol" doesn't matter. I can use "smtp" alone as the protocol, and it still won't parse. And yes, yosemite.mars.lan is in my local hosts file. Any help would be appreciated. Paul -- Paul M. Foster Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster
Re: Spurious messages at the console
On Sat, May 11, 2024 at 07:54:28AM +0200, to...@tuxteam.de wrote: > On Fri, May 10, 2024 at 05:30:44PM -0400, Paul M Foster wrote: > > Folks: > > > > I've installed Debian (latest) without X on a small form factor PC, and > > typically SSH into it, though I also have a keyboard and monitor > > temporarily connected to it. > > > > I'm getting spurious error messages in groups on the monitor connected to > > it. They look like: > > > > [76056.389126] pcieport :00:1c.0: PCIe Buss Error: severity=Corrected, > > type=Physical Layer, (Reciever ID) > > > > That's just one line. Others are related but different. These happen every > > few minutes, and only on the monitor, not where I'm SSHed in. > > I don't know exactly what this is doing (to my naïve eye it looks like > some part of the PCI bus is doing things the kernel doesn't expect but > thinks it can fix) but... > > > It would be neat to know what's going wrong, and if you can come up with a > > reason, I'd be interested. But I'm not really fixated on that. Instead, > > what I'm interested in is how to make them stop. > > ...for that try "dmesg -D" (see man dmesg). You can also try to mess > with the value of /proc/sys/kernel/printk, documented, e.g. here [1], > to set it permanently. > > Cheers > > [1] https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/core-api/printk-basics.html > or, of course, locally. If you are in Debian, part of the linux-doc > package, in /usr/share/doc/linux-doc/html/core-api/printk-basics.html > Excellent advice. Thanks. Here's an oddity. The following commands are equivalent, according to the dmesg(1) man page: dmesg -n 1 and dmesg -n emerg But according to every document I've viewed, "emerg" is code for 0, not 1. If anyone can explain, I'd be interested. Paul -- Paul M. Foster Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster
Spurious messages at the console
Folks: I've installed Debian (latest) without X on a small form factor PC, and typically SSH into it, though I also have a keyboard and monitor temporarily connected to it. I'm getting spurious error messages in groups on the monitor connected to it. They look like: [76056.389126] pcieport :00:1c.0: PCIe Buss Error: severity=Corrected, type=Physical Layer, (Reciever ID) That's just one line. Others are related but different. These happen every few minutes, and only on the monitor, not where I'm SSHed in. It would be neat to know what's going wrong, and if you can come up with a reason, I'd be interested. But I'm not really fixated on that. Instead, what I'm interested in is how to make them stop. Any help would be appreciated. Paul -- Paul M. Foster Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster
Re: variables in bash
On Thu, Mar 28, 2024 at 10:37:25AM +0100, Hans wrote: > Hi folks, > > just an easy question: > > What is the difference (if any) between the following two variables in a > shellfile in bash: > > 1. mypath=/home/user1/Tools/ Here you are assigning a value to the variable "mypath". You can surround "/home/user1/Tools" with quotes if you like, but it is not strictly necessary. > > and $mypath Here you are actually *using* the variable "mypath". Here is another example: NAME="paulf" echo "My name is $NAME." which will yield: My name is paulf. -- Paul M. Foster Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster
Re: debian-niggers and debian-lgbt projects.
On Thu, Mar 21, 2024 at 06:47:10PM +, jmax wrote: > Dear Brothers and Sisters: > > I am interested in starting some debian projects. As a homosexual, > debian-using, black, I am surprised at the low numbers of black and/or LGBT > members of the debian community. I believe that starting debian-niggers, and > debian-gay or debian-lgbt projects would help to increase participation of > the respective parties in the debian community. I'm not your brother or sister, and not part of your demographic, and I really don't care whether you do or don't start a SIG on black or LGBT Debian interests. However, the word "nigger" is plainly offensive. It's been offensive for decades, and most recently, whites have been entirely prohibited from using the word, upon pain of death, while blacks readily use it with impunity. If you're going to start a SIG for black/LGBT Debianistas, I'd politely request you do so without resorting to inflammatory language. I imagine the term "debian-blacks" would serve just as well without aggravating an already strongly divided world. In fact, I suspect the less we pay attention to skin color, the better off we all will be. Paul -- Paul M. Foster Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster
Re: Committing git working tree with other git repos
On Wed, Mar 13, 2024 at 07:29:39PM +0100, john doe wrote: > On 3/13/24 16:04, Paul M Foster wrote: > > Folks: > > > > I have a /home/paulf/stow directory with contains subdirectories for each > > of the packages whose dotfiles I want to manage, like: > > > > /home/paulf/stow/alacritty > > > > In each subdirectory, I have all the config files for that packages, under > > git management. This means that the directory will look like this: > > > > /home/paulf/stow/alacritty/.git > > /home/paulf/stow/alacritty/.config/alacritty/alacritty.yml > > > > This works well with stow (configs are now symlinks in $HOME). > > > > I'd like to copy all of this to a git repo on gitlab. You would think you > > could go to the ~/stow directory, "git init", then "git add" each > > directory, and all is good. However, git looks inside the directories and > > sees there are already .git directories there, and refuses to add the > > directories and their contents to its repo. Instead, it wants you to use > > "submodules", to wit: > > > > git submodule add ./alacritty > > > > This adds an *empty* alacritty subdirectory to the git repo, which isn't > > useful. > > > > I need a way to bring all these subdirectories and their contents under a > > git repo so I can send it to gitlab. Any suggestions? > > > > > > Sometime, learning something new is better than trying to get your own > way! ;^) > > I can only suggest you to dig into Git submodules. I've read through https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Tools-Submodules , and it appears that submodules aren't really made for what I'm trying to do. According to the docs, a submodule is more or less a link to an external code repo. When used properly with the proper commands, the remote code can be reconstituted. However, if you read the above, this won't work for my purposes. That's why I asked the original question. Paul -- Paul M. Foster Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster
Committing git working tree with other git repos
Folks: I have a /home/paulf/stow directory with contains subdirectories for each of the packages whose dotfiles I want to manage, like: /home/paulf/stow/alacritty In each subdirectory, I have all the config files for that packages, under git management. This means that the directory will look like this: /home/paulf/stow/alacritty/.git /home/paulf/stow/alacritty/.config/alacritty/alacritty.yml This works well with stow (configs are now symlinks in $HOME). I'd like to copy all of this to a git repo on gitlab. You would think you could go to the ~/stow directory, "git init", then "git add" each directory, and all is good. However, git looks inside the directories and sees there are already .git directories there, and refuses to add the directories and their contents to its repo. Instead, it wants you to use "submodules", to wit: git submodule add ./alacritty This adds an *empty* alacritty subdirectory to the git repo, which isn't useful. I need a way to bring all these subdirectories and their contents under a git repo so I can send it to gitlab. Any suggestions? Paul -- Paul M. Foster Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster
Re: how to wiki
On Tue, Mar 05, 2024 at 04:15:20PM +, fxkl4...@protonmail.com wrote: > how do i access the debian wiki > https://wiki.debian.org/ > all i get is > > > > > Forbidden > > You are not allowed to access this! > Check your firewall, proxies or other items which could restrict your access. I'm in the southeastern U.S. and am easily able to access that URL with no problems. Paul -- Paul M. Foster Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster
Trouble with OpenSMTPD
Folks: I'm running Debian Bookworm, and looking to switch from Exim4 to OpenSMTPd. Here is my smtpd.conf file: --- table aliases file:/etc/aliases table secrets file:/etc/secrets listen on lo listen on eno1 # action name method options action "local" mda maildrop virtual action "relay" relay host smtp+tls://pa...@smtp.dreamhost.com auth match from any for domain "yosemite.mars.lan" action "local" match for local action "local" match for any action "relay" --- For reason(s) I don't understand, opensmtpd will not start via "systemctl start opensmtpd". According to "sudo smtpd -n", the configuration file passes, but it just won't start. (For what it's worth, I've used this config back in 2021 running Debian and it worked.) I'm happy to supply whatever data needed in helping to resolve this. Paul -- Paul M. Foster Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster
Re: URLs in Mutt
On Sun, Dec 31, 2023 at 11:12:12PM -0500, Greg Wooledge wrote: > On Sun, Dec 31, 2023 at 10:51:25PM -0500, Paul M Foster wrote: > > Apparently, something was wrapping lines to > > about 75 characters, and putting an equals sign at the end of every line > > which had been wrapped. > > This is "quoted-printable" encoding. You need to use a properly decoded > version of the file, rather than the raw text.[1] > > > As a solution, I took that email from my mutt mail file and stripped out > > all the headers and non-HTML content. Then I fed that to my browser. > > If you received a correctly formatted email, it should contain one or more > parts, each of which is identified by a MIME Content-Type. Pressing 'v' > while reading the message takes you to a page which shows you the parts > in a tree form. > > Use the arrow keys to select the part you want to save (in this case, the > text/html one), and then save it to a file. I use "foo.html" usually, > and just overwrite foo.html every time. > > Have your browser load THAT file. > > [1] The SMTP standard requires all transmitted lines to be 1000 characters > or less, and to contain only 7-bit ASCII characters. Therefore, any > content which doesn't conform to these restrictions has to be encoded. > The two choices for encoding are quoted-printable, and base64. > Quoted-printable is nearly human-readable, and is more efficient if > there are relatively few 8-bit characters or long lines, so it's > a common choice. Some MUAs will use q-p even on files that don't > *strictly* need it, just in case. > This is an excellent reply, and explains the situation entirely. I tried your method, and it worked. Thanks. Of course, it doesn't fix the retarded way Mutt handles links. For those familiar with Mutt, it allows you to view the file with numbers referring to each link. Then you get a screen with just the numbered links. Here's the fun part: if the link you want is, say, number 4, when you get to the screen with only numbered links, the number 4 link is often some other link. You have to push each link around the one you want to the browser until you find the one you want. It's a pain. Paul -- Paul M. Foster Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster
URLs in Mutt
Folks: Like everyone else, I get emails with links in them which need to be clicked to change passwords, verify identity and such. I was a loyal mutt user for years, but problems with URLs caused me to eventually change to claws-mail. Recently, I tweaked my mutt config, and URLs seemed to work better. So I switched back to mutt. All was fine until now. I got a critical email with links in it, and it wouldn't work. (I know, that's not a great description.) As a solution, I took that email from my mutt mail file and stripped out all the headers and non-HTML content. Then I fed that to my browser. Sorta worked. However, the button I was supposed to click didn't work properly. It attempted to retrieve a page it couldn't find. Digging deeper, I looked into the actual HTML file. Apparently, something was wrapping lines to about 75 characters, and putting an equals sign at the end of every line which had been wrapped. This apparently interfered with the browser correctly interpreting the HTML. One wrinkle here is that mail is fed to maildrop. In my config file for this, there is only one line which messes with incoming mail: xfilter "reformail -f1" All this does is add a From if an email isn't properly formatted. So my first question is, what is wrapping the lines on my incoming emails, and how do I fix it? Paul -- Paul M. Foster Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster
Re: Image handling in mutt
On Fri, Dec 08, 2023 at 11:04:54AM -0600, David Wright wrote: > On Fri 08 Dec 2023 at 11:56:12 (-0500), Paul M Foster wrote: > > > > I'm on Debian bookworm, using neomutt for email. Where there is an image to > > view, viewing it in neomutt calls up one of the ImageMagick programs. I've > > set > > the mailcap_path variable in my neomutt config to point to ~/.mailcap, and > > set an entry in there for image/jpg to point to /usr/bin/feh. I've even set > ↑↑↑ try jpeg > > > the "display" alternative to feh with update-alternatives. Still, mutt is > > calling an imagemagick program to display jpgs. > > > > First, if alternatives doesn't point to the imagemagick program, and the > > mailcap file doesn't point to it, and there's nothing in the neomutt config > > pointing to the imagemagick program, then where the heck is it getting that > > as the program to use to display images? > > > > Second, how do I fix this so that mutt uses feh to display images? I can't believe that worked. The /etc/mailcap has both (jpg and jpeg), and the files I was looking at had a "jpg" extension. But thanks for the tip. -- Paul M. Foster Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster
Image handling in mutt
Folks: I'm on Debian bookworm, using neomutt for email. Where there is an image to view, viewing it in neomutt calls up one of the ImageMagick programs. I've set the mailcap_path variable in my neomutt config to point to ~/.mailcap, and set an entry in there for image/jpg to point to /usr/bin/feh. I've even set the "display" alternative to feh with update-alternatives. Still, mutt is calling an imagemagick program to display jpgs. First, if alternatives doesn't point to the imagemagick program, and the mailcap file doesn't point to it, and there's nothing in the neomutt config pointing to the imagemagick program, then where the heck is it getting that as the program to use to display images? Second, how do I fix this so that mutt uses feh to display images? Paul -- Paul M. Foster Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster
Re: Recommended simple PDF viewer to replace Evince
On Wed, Dec 06, 2023 at 12:09:09AM +0700, Max Nikulin wrote: > On 05/12/2023 18:30, Tom Browder wrote: > > When I manually print via Evince It seems to sometimes change important > > settings like page scaling and orientation. > > I had an impression that GUI print dialog may remember some settings from > its previous invocation. Unsure if it is relevant to evince. > > I believed that CUPS stack is based on PDF while earlier PostScript was > used. Filters used to get output specific to particular printers use poppler > library. (I do not see direct dependency on poppler in evince despite I > expected it). Poppler was forked from xpdf. Current upstream xpdf-4 version > is a qt application while v3 in Debian has Xt GUI and some issues with > non-latin scripts. Xpdf-3 is fast for text documents, but may be slow in the > case of large JPEG images. I've used Xpdf from Arch, and it's an entirely different program. My understanding was that the Arch version depended on poppler. I can only imagine that the version in Debian is different because there is a licensing issue with the poppler code. Just a guess. -- Paul M. Foster Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster
Re: Recommended simple PDF viewer to replace Evince
On Mon, Dec 04, 2023 at 05:12:28PM -0600, Tom Browder wrote: > I have used Evince as my PDF viewer and printer program for many > years. It still works, but it has been spitting out error messages for > a very long time. to wit: > > (evince:81435): EvinceView-CRITICAL **: 16:44:57.520: \ > ev_pixbuf_cache_set_selection_list: \ > assertion 'EV_IS_PIXBUF_CACHE (pixbuf_cache)' failed > > The help option doesn't shed any light to me, but it does reference > the website. However, every time I've tried the site throws an error. > That also has been happening for a LONG time. > > I would like to use another program which is similar but has good > documentation. I don't need a heavy duty program like LibreOffice, > Just something for viewing and printing. > > A bonus would be one with documented CLI use with CUPS printers. > > Thanks for any recommendations. > > Best regards, > > -Tom > I use xpdf, which is extremely simple and will allow printing. Don't think it has a CLI interface. However, I would imagine that simply feeding a PDF to the printer should work for printing. I could be wrong, though. Paul -- Paul M. Foster Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster
Re: Fetching local mail
On Sat, Nov 18, 2023 at 09:29:02AM -0500, Dan Ritter wrote: > Paul M Foster wrote: > > After using claws-mail for a number of years, I'm testing the idea of going > > back to mutt and fetchmail. One problem I've encountered is how to get > > local mail in /var/mail/paulf into mutt's inbox at /home/paulf/Mail/in. > > > > I could run a POP server, and have fetchmail query it like any other > > smarthost, but I'd rather not add another daemon. Does anyone know a way to > > have mutt and/or fetchmail grab mail from /var/mail/paulf to > > /home/paulf/Mail/in? > > Options: > > 1. tell mutt your spool is /var/mail/paulf: > > set spoolfile="/var/mail/paulf" This would be okay if all my mail was delivered to that spool file, but it isn't. Fetchmail hands off (internet) mail to maildrop, which puts in my spool file at /home/paulf/Mail/in. That's where mutt thinks my spool file is. Only mail generated by the system or cron jobs is delivered to /var/mail/paulf. And I'd like that mail to end up instead in /home/paulf/Mail/in. Also worth noting that I have exim installed, which handles the cron job emails, and puts them, by default into the standard location, /var/mail/paulf. > > (if that's a Maildir, end it with a /) > > 2. tell fetchmail to deliver via a local agent that will put > things where you want them, like procmail or mailfilter or... > anyway, use the 'mda' config in fetchmail's config file to > specify that. > Fetchmail already hands off to maildrop, which puts all (internet) mail in /home/paulf/Mail/in. But it appears that fetchmail only queries servers, and then passes off the mail to an mda. I can't get it to simply copy mail (and delete it) from a spool file and deliver it to the mda. Paul -- Paul M. Foster Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster
Fetching local mail
Folks: After using claws-mail for a number of years, I'm testing the idea of going back to mutt and fetchmail. One problem I've encountered is how to get local mail in /var/mail/paulf into mutt's inbox at /home/paulf/Mail/in. I could run a POP server, and have fetchmail query it like any other smarthost, but I'd rather not add another daemon. Does anyone know a way to have mutt and/or fetchmail grab mail from /var/mail/paulf to /home/paulf/Mail/in? Paul -- Paul M. Foster Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster
Re: Thunderbird not allowing local accounts
On 1/5/22 09:05, Richard Hector wrote: On 6/01/22 02:35, Paul M. Foster wrote: Folks: I just restarted my machine, and am using Thunderbird 91.4.1 (the latest) 64 bit on Debian 11. I didn't reinstall Thunderbird or upgrade it. Before I restarted the machine, I had a Thunderbird email account for local emails, which grabbed email from my /var/mail/paulf folder. Now that account doesn't show up in Thunderbird, and I'm unable to create an account like that (one which grabs mail from a local folder). The dialogs which used to be there allowing you to create a localhost mbox account are gone. I've verified the (complicated) procedure for doing this on the Internet, and the dialogs shown are no longer in Thunderbird. I am unable to create a localhost email account in Thunderbird. Any help? Did Thunderbird make some change I don't know about? Paul Looks like it :-( https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=993526 https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1625741 Richard Thanks for the info. Mozilla Foundation is seriously annoying me lately. Can anyone recommend another MUA which uses mbox format and is relatively easy to configure? Paul
Thunderbird not allowing local accounts
Folks: I just restarted my machine, and am using Thunderbird 91.4.1 (the latest) 64 bit on Debian 11. I didn't reinstall Thunderbird or upgrade it. Before I restarted the machine, I had a Thunderbird email account for local emails, which grabbed email from my /var/mail/paulf folder. Now that account doesn't show up in Thunderbird, and I'm unable to create an account like that (one which grabs mail from a local folder). The dialogs which used to be there allowing you to create a localhost mbox account are gone. I've verified the (complicated) procedure for doing this on the Internet, and the dialogs shown are no longer in Thunderbird. I am unable to create a localhost email account in Thunderbird. Any help? Did Thunderbird make some change I don't know about? Paul
Re: Replace line in file based on pattern
On 1/2/22 11:03 PM, Greg Wooledge wrote: On Sun, Jan 02, 2022 at 09:59:08PM -0500, Paul M. Foster wrote: Regarding "patch", let's consider a "stock" config file from a fresh install (call it NEW), and an existing config which is tweaked for my purposes (call it OLD). Assume I want the stock config altered to conform to my existing/working installation. If you're reinstalling after a disk or system failure, you should be able to drop the config files from your backup onto the system, either before or after you install the software packages that use those files. This is a fair point. In the case of a hardware failure, simply reinstalling working configs over the top of "stock" ones would work fine. The scenario you seem to be imagining involves reinstalling software packages and somehow ending up with a *different* version of the software than you had been running on the failed system. This isn't going to happen if you were running Debian stable, and you reinstall Debian stable. The only way it would be a concern is if you're *not* running Debian stable, or if you reinstall with something other than Debian stable. In those cases, well, you're kinda on your own. I am running stable. Where this situation arises is when I've been running for a couple of years and Debian changes to a new version (10 to 11, for example). By that time, I have a lot of cruft on the machine, and I've just found it best to reinstall. And I've had it happen where a package changes its config, and I have to manually figure out what they've done, and how to compensate for it, to get back to a "working" (for me) state. There are a lot of folks who like to "fiddle" with their systems constantly. I don't. So I'm not keen on having to manually fiddle with a lot of configs after an O/S version change. Paul
Re: Replace line in file based on pattern
On 1/2/22 6:40 PM, Greg Wooledge wrote: On Sun, Jan 02, 2022 at 06:20:15PM -0500, The Wanderer wrote: Of course, given the ORIGINAL question, the best tool is neither of these. It's something like ansible or puppet. Or if you insist on jury-rigging crap together with stone knives and bearskins, ssh and patch. Regarding "patch", let's consider a "stock" config file from a fresh install (call it NEW), and an existing config which is tweaked for my purposes (call it OLD). Assume I want the stock config altered to conform to my existing/working installation. To make patch work, I need a diff file, which I get from diffing OLD and NEW. From there, I use patch and the diff to bring NEW to conform to OLD, more or less. Once I've gone through this whole evolution, how is this process different from simply copying OLD over the top of NEW? Bear in mind that we aren't working with C files here, but config files, where changes are minimal and possibly confined to a small area. I'm not being sarcastic or argumentative. I'm genuinely trying to understand how patch would be a real/superior solution. Paul
Re: Replace line in file based on pattern
On 1/2/22 8:46 PM, Greg Wooledge wrote:
I'm rearranging the order of the quoted sections.
On Sun, Jan 02, 2022 at 08:14:47PM -0500, The Wanderer wrote:
That's very interesting, although not all that accessible to the
relative newcomer to the field. It does leave me sad about the apparent
conclusion that there is no safe way to edit a file programmatically
(i.e., not via an interactive editor, and possibly not at all) in a way
which preserves the inode; the reasons why I thought of that as
desirable seem less clearly so on further analysis, but it's still
unfortunate for a thing to not be possible to do.
There are several things going on here. I'll address two of them.
First: in order to "preserve the inode", you would need to open the
file in either read+write mode, or clobber+write mode, and then start
overwriting the file once you have the content in memory. This is
inherently dangerous, because if the writing is interrupted before
completion, the file is now corrupted (in the read+write case), or
truncated (in the clobber+write case).
The writing can be interrupted if the process is terminated, or if the
system crashes. Even with uninterruptible power supplies, there's no
100% sure way to prevent a system crash, so there is always a risk.
Second: the idea that a program should be altering (overwriting) the
contents of configuration files *at all* is sketchy. It's a really
bad design. The types of files that people usually want to alter with
sed are designed to be edited by humans. They are *not* amenable to
programmatic alteration, which is why the answers that people come up
with are so contorted.
Altering a config file programmatically is exactly what ansible does,
and the functionality desired in the original post is one of the things
ansible has a module for.
I have no idea how ansible handles interruptions.
If you really need to alter a textual configuration file on a bunch of
servers, I suggest editing the file by hand on one machine, making a
diff out of that, and then using patch to apply that diff on all the
other machines. Or use ansible, chef, puppet, etc. This is not a new
or unique problem. Stop reinventing wheels.
I'm not interested in hacking a bunch of servers. Just one. The whole
purpose here is to restore a system to more or less its original
configuration when a reinstall must occur. A reinstall must occur when
there is a severe hardware failure, or when Debian (or any other
operating system) comes up with a major revision (in Debian's case,
every couple of years). The problem I've seen with just copying an old
config file over the top of the one installed by default is that in some
cases, syntax changes or options are added or deleted in the config
files from one version to another. Thus, my idea of "surgical"
alteration of the config files.
Ansible supposedly will do this, but in certain circumstances, I've been
unable to make it work on a remote machine. I can't say why. However, it
occurred to me that ssh, rsync and bash/basic tools can accomplish the
same goals.
You mentioned diff and patch earlier, and these might well be good
tools. The problem is that I'm relatively unfamiliar with patch and
diff. I know how they work, but I'm inexpert in their use.
A much better approach is what people have started doing with ".d"
directories. Instead of a single monolithic text configuration file
that requires a human brain to comprehend, you put individual pieces
of configuration in separate files. If you want to change the phlogiston
level, you just put the new value in the foobar.d/phlogiston file. No
need for a parser to find the phlogiston variable in a text file.
I absolutely abhor the *.d solution. Most software that I'm aware of is
built to read a single config file. For example, exim. Personally, I
find it vastly easier to load a single config file in an editor and
search for a value, than to grep through a bunch of files and load the
one which has the value I seek. My personal preference.
Of course, the program being configured has to be written to support
such a thing.
unicorn:~$ printf %s\\n foo foo foo | awk '!done && /foo/{$0="bar"; done=1} 1'
bar
foo
foo
I keep forgetting that printf is even a thing in shell, and while awk
did occur to my mind, I don't know it well enough to do anything useful
in it. I can only kind-of parse the syntax you gave there, and that only
because I just saw very similar-looking syntax given for sed in the
Stack Overflow answer linked above.
An awk program consists of a series of alternating conditions and actions.
Each line of input is matched against the conditions, in order. If any
of the conditions matches the input line, then the corresponding action
block is executed.
Awk is another tool I'm only vaguely familiar with. I'm much more
familiar with sed and grep. If I had your expertise, I might look at it
differently.
Paul
Re: Replace line in file based on pattern
On 1/2/22 6:20 PM, The Wanderer wrote: On 2022-01-02 at 17:52, Paul M. Foster wrote: Folks: In a script, I'd like to search for a pattern in a file, and replace that line entirely with a new line, once (not globally). I've tried What do you mean by "globally"? "Globally" just means I want to replace the first instance, rather than appending the 'g' modifier to the sed expression. If you mean that you want to only replace the first matching line in the file, but leave any subsequent matching lines alone... I've never actually had occasion to do that, but a bit of Googling (for 'sed first match only') found me https://stackoverflow.com/questions/148451/how-to-use-sed-to-replace-only-the-first-occurrence-in-a-file which looks like at least the seed of a way to do it; see also below. sed -i s/search/new_line/ but this only replaces the string itself. I want the script to find the line my search term is on, and replace the whole line with my replacement line. Anyone know how to do this? Without re-testing at the moment, I'd say from past experience that you want: sed -i 's/^.*search.*$/new_line/' This matches the beginning of the line, followed by zero or more characters, followed by the search string, followed by zero or more characters, followed by the end of the line. This works, as I mentioned in another reply. The context here is a file which would have something like: ';extension=gd', to be replaced by 'extension=gd'. That is, I want to programmatically uncomment a line, in most cases. Paul
Re: Replace line in file based on pattern
On 1/2/22 6:18 PM, Andy Smith wrote: Hello, On Sun, Jan 02, 2022 at 05:52:36PM -0500, Paul M. Foster wrote: In a script, I'd like to search for a pattern in a file, and replace that line entirely with a new line, once (not globally). I've tried sed -i s/search/new_line/ but this only replaces the string itself. I want the script to find the line my search term is on, and replace the whole line with my replacement line. Match the whole line, not just the string. sed -i 's/^.*search.*$/new line/' filename This works. I'm not that familiar with regexps, so this didn't occur to me in the first place. The ^ and $ anchor at start and end respectively and the .* matches everything. You can instead use sed's 'c' modifier to tell it to replace the whole line: sed -i '/search/new line/c' filename This did not work, at least the way you've written it here. I can't say why, but it did not make any changes to the file in question. Paul
Replace line in file based on pattern
Folks: In a script, I'd like to search for a pattern in a file, and replace that line entirely with a new line, once (not globally). I've tried sed -i s/search/new_line/ but this only replaces the string itself. I want the script to find the line my search term is on, and replace the whole line with my replacement line. Anyone know how to do this? Paul
Re: Non-working CPU cores showing up
On 11/30/21 6:24 AM, Dan Ritter wrote: Paul M. Foster wrote: Folks: Here's a curious thing. I have a 10th gen Intel i3 CPU with four cores. When I look at /proc/cpuinfo, it actually shows eight cores. There's a line in the output of each core which is cpu cores : 4 But there are outputs for each of eight cores, numbered 0 through 7. Is it possible that there were eight cores on this CPU, and four of them were non-working (I know it's typical to have non-working cores on a die), and this file shows all the original cores? Or does someone have a better explanation? Try lscpu. Useful lines: CPU(s): 12 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-11 Thread(s) per core: 2 Core(s) per socket: 6 Socket(s): 1 So this machine has one socket, 6 cores in the socket, 2 threads per core, which looks like 12 CPUs. You should find that your has one socket, 4 cores in the socket, 2 threads per core, which looks like 8 CPUs. -dsr- It appears you are correct. lscpu shows this CPU has 4 cores, and 2 threads per core. But it shows 8 CPUs. Silly. Paul
Non-working CPU cores showing up
Folks: Here's a curious thing. I have a 10th gen Intel i3 CPU with four cores. When I look at /proc/cpuinfo, it actually shows eight cores. There's a line in the output of each core which is cpu cores : 4 But there are outputs for each of eight cores, numbered 0 through 7. Is it possible that there were eight cores on this CPU, and four of them were non-working (I know it's typical to have non-working cores on a die), and this file shows all the original cores? Or does someone have a better explanation? Paul
Re: No video after boot SOLVED
On 11/11/21 4:58 PM, Paul M. Foster wrote: On 11/11/21 4:39 PM, keithrbaugro...@gmail.com wrote: On 12/11/21 08:25, Paul M. Foster wrote: Folks: This is a shot in the dark, but I'll try it. I have a new ASUS Prime H570M-Plus/CSM motherboard (LGA1200 socket) with an Intel i3 10100 CPU (10th gen, with UHD630 graphics) in it. I have a DVD drive in it and a 500GB SSD. I've used a live CD/DVD in this machine to install Debian 11 to the SSD. It boots, and does a couple of lines of the usual boot chatter (ramfs and such), and then the video simply stops (no signal). I've tried two monitors, various cables. The install went without a hitch, so I know that at least the installer runs without difficulty, no video glitches. I know that as Debian starts up, it adjusts the video several times on my main desktop as it boots. This is about the point where the new system simply stops outputting video. I'm afraid that there's an issue here where the kernel version (5.10.xx) is too far back to handle the way the i3 handles video mode changes, or something like that. Does anyone have a clue about this? Paul Good morning Have you tried booting recovery mode? If you think the problem is kernel, 5.14 is available in backports. Recovery mode generates slightly more jabber on screen, but then does the exact same thing-- video signal disappears. There's a *more* advanced kernel in backports? I thought backports was for old stuff. And I've never used it, not sure how to do it. The other problem here is that, if I could actually boot, I could update the kernel. But without being able to boot the drive, I can't quite imagine how I'd update the kernel. Paul Your suggestion was spot on. I plugged the new drive into my main machine, booted it, then configured /etc/apt/sources.list to accept backports. Updated. Installed the 5.14 kernel. Made sure it would boot from my main machine after that. Then took it out and plugged it into the new machine. Video works now. So it *was* a problem with the 5.10 kernel and the onboard graphics from the i3 chip. Thanks, Paul
Re: No video after boot
On 11/11/21 4:39 PM, keithrbaugro...@gmail.com wrote: On 12/11/21 08:25, Paul M. Foster wrote: Folks: This is a shot in the dark, but I'll try it. I have a new ASUS Prime H570M-Plus/CSM motherboard (LGA1200 socket) with an Intel i3 10100 CPU (10th gen, with UHD630 graphics) in it. I have a DVD drive in it and a 500GB SSD. I've used a live CD/DVD in this machine to install Debian 11 to the SSD. It boots, and does a couple of lines of the usual boot chatter (ramfs and such), and then the video simply stops (no signal). I've tried two monitors, various cables. The install went without a hitch, so I know that at least the installer runs without difficulty, no video glitches. I know that as Debian starts up, it adjusts the video several times on my main desktop as it boots. This is about the point where the new system simply stops outputting video. I'm afraid that there's an issue here where the kernel version (5.10.xx) is too far back to handle the way the i3 handles video mode changes, or something like that. Does anyone have a clue about this? Paul Good morning Have you tried booting recovery mode? If you think the problem is kernel, 5.14 is available in backports. Recovery mode generates slightly more jabber on screen, but then does the exact same thing-- video signal disappears. There's a *more* advanced kernel in backports? I thought backports was for old stuff. And I've never used it, not sure how to do it. The other problem here is that, if I could actually boot, I could update the kernel. But without being able to boot the drive, I can't quite imagine how I'd update the kernel. Paul
No video after boot
Folks: This is a shot in the dark, but I'll try it. I have a new ASUS Prime H570M-Plus/CSM motherboard (LGA1200 socket) with an Intel i3 10100 CPU (10th gen, with UHD630 graphics) in it. I have a DVD drive in it and a 500GB SSD. I've used a live CD/DVD in this machine to install Debian 11 to the SSD. It boots, and does a couple of lines of the usual boot chatter (ramfs and such), and then the video simply stops (no signal). I've tried two monitors, various cables. The install went without a hitch, so I know that at least the installer runs without difficulty, no video glitches. I know that as Debian starts up, it adjusts the video several times on my main desktop as it boots. This is about the point where the new system simply stops outputting video. I'm afraid that there's an issue here where the kernel version (5.10.xx) is too far back to handle the way the i3 handles video mode changes, or something like that. Does anyone have a clue about this? Paul
Man pages for gcc
Folks: I'm sure everyone but me knows this, but I can't find a man page for gcc. There must be some docs somewhere. First question: why isn't there a man page? Second question: what docs are available (or what package provides them)? Running Debian 11. Paul
Re: OpenSMTPD won't start as part of systemd
On 10/29/21 7:44 AM, Greg Wooledge wrote: On Fri, Oct 29, 2021 at 12:39:09AM -0400, Paul M. Foster wrote: "Stock install" in this case means I just let the installer set up the networking, etc. How that happens depends on which tasks you selected during the installation. If you go with "Standard" (as one often does when installing for a server), network-manager is not installed. But if you select any of the desktop environment packages, N-M *is* installed, and then networking is configured using that instead of /e/n/i. I'm guessing you installed a desktop environment task during the original installation on this machine. And you would be correct. Paul
Re: OpenSMTPD won't start as part of systemd
On 10/28/21 10:17 PM, David Wright wrote: On Thu 28 Oct 2021 at 21:34:26 (-0400), Paul M. Foster wrote: On 10/28/21 5:11 PM, Greg Wooledge wrote: On Thu, Oct 28, 2021 at 04:42:52PM -0400, Paul M. Foster wrote: This is just an annoyance, but it really shouldn't happen. As my system is rebooting, and all the startup chatter echos to the screen, I notice that OpenSMTPd fails to start. Once I'm logged in, I can start it manually with no problem. When I look at the failure mode, it appears that it thinks the "eno1" interface isn't functioning, so it can't monitor that interface. Are you bringing up eno1 with /etc/network/interfaces? If so, make sure it's marked as "auto", not as "allow-hotplug". Well, that's interesting. Here is my /etc/network/interfaces: === source /etc/network/interfaces.d/* # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback === There's nothing in /etc/network/interfaces.d/ . This is a stock Debian 11 install, so whatever's in this file hasn't been messed with. No mention of eno1. However, it DOES come up. Any clues? Perhaps look at your logs and dmesg; and post how your networking is intended to come up. Cheers, David. A lot to examine... One thing stands out. There is an error of sorts in /etc/daemon.log: Oct 26 17:44:05 dudley systemd-udevd[271]: /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/80-ifupdown.rules: 2 Unknown group 'netdev', ignoring I "accidentally" deleted the "netdev" group a few days ago. I wonder if that's the reason. Paul
Re: OpenSMTPD won't start as part of systemd
On 10/28/21 9:59 PM, Greg Wooledge wrote: On Thu, Oct 28, 2021 at 09:34:26PM -0400, Paul M. Foster wrote: Well, that's interesting. Here is my /etc/network/interfaces: === source /etc/network/interfaces.d/* # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback === There's nothing in /etc/network/interfaces.d/ . This is a stock Debian 11 install, so whatever's in this file hasn't been messed with. No mention of eno1. However, it DOES come up. Any clues? There's no such thing as a "stock install". There are many possible installs, depending on which choices you make during the installation. If your interface isn't defined in /e/n/i then the most likely place it's being brought up is in Network-Manager. If it's not N-M then perhaps someone has configured your system to use systemd-networkd, but that's not enabled by default in Debian, so it's far less common. How about "/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/Wired connection 1" (who comes up with these Windows filenames?): === [connection] id=Wired connection 1 uuid=7bb23b3a-c750-4c65-ae82-164f7359ea7d type=802-3-ethernet [802-3-ethernet] [ipv4] method=auto [ipv6] method=auto ip6-privacy=2 === "Stock install" in this case means I just let the installer set up the networking, etc. Since eno1 is the wired connection, I assume this is where it gets set up. However, this doesn't really answer the question of why eno1 apparently not ready when OpenSMTPd wants to start. Paul
Re: OpenSMTPD won't start as part of systemd
On 10/28/21 5:11 PM, Greg Wooledge wrote: On Thu, Oct 28, 2021 at 04:42:52PM -0400, Paul M. Foster wrote: Folks: This is just an annoyance, but it really shouldn't happen. As my system is rebooting, and all the startup chatter echos to the screen, I notice that OpenSMTPd fails to start. Once I'm logged in, I can start it manually with no problem. When I look at the failure mode, it appears that it thinks the "eno1" interface isn't functioning, so it can't monitor that interface. Are you bringing up eno1 with /etc/network/interfaces? If so, make sure it's marked as "auto", not as "allow-hotplug". Well, that's interesting. Here is my /etc/network/interfaces: === source /etc/network/interfaces.d/* # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback === There's nothing in /etc/network/interfaces.d/ . This is a stock Debian 11 install, so whatever's in this file hasn't been messed with. No mention of eno1. However, it DOES come up. Any clues? Paul
OpenSMTPD won't start as part of systemd
Folks:
This is just an annoyance, but it really shouldn't happen. As my system
is rebooting, and all the startup chatter echos to the screen, I notice
that OpenSMTPd fails to start. Once I'm logged in, I can start it
manually with no problem. When I look at the failure mode, it appears
that it thinks the "eno1" interface isn't functioning, so it can't
monitor that interface. The config file for OpenSMTPd specifies that it
should listen on localhost and eno1. I looks at the systemd config file
for this package, and it specifies that this unit should executed after
"network.target" ("After=network.target"). I'm not that familiar with
systemd.
Any clues on how to fix this? Is it a systemd problem, or something else?
Paul
Change eth0 to eno1
Folks: Along about Debian 10, the standard first ethernet card interface for a desktop machine, referred to as "eth0", was changed to "eno1". Just out of idle curiosity, does anyone know why this was done? (It broke some stuff on my machine.) Paul
Re: Keep config?
On 9/27/21 7:15 AM, Henning Follmann wrote: On Mon, Sep 27, 2021 at 12:02:52PM +0200, Hans wrote: Hi folks, just an easy question: How can I force to keep or overwrite a configuration during an upgrade? As I do not want it set fixed, I am searching for a solution by setting a command. I am sure, this can be done with setting a tag (so that I am not asked, if I want to overwrite or keep), and searched through the manual of apt, aptitude and dpkg, but somehow I must have something overseen (or misundertood). Sure way to do this: make a backup. for those you chose, restore the config from backup. It's also a great way to do away with old cruft. Sometimes programs evolve, become more capable, which also means it might be a good time for checking the config again. Best example /e/a/sources.list :) What is the solution and where is this described? Thanks for your help to this silly problem. Cheers, -H Let me echo this. This is also why I don't automatically copy my backup configs to the live system. It has happened that a package changed its defaults or the syntax of its config, and copying the old config over the installed one would be problematic. If possible, doing a diff might be a good idea. Then edit/overwrite as feasible. Paul
Re: What happened to cal?
On 9/27/21 3:45 AM, Jonathan Dowland wrote: /usr/bin/cal moved to its own package (ncal) in bsdmainutils upload 12.1.3. This is the version included in current stable and newer; but it's after the version in oldstable (buster). IOW, On buster, if you had installed bsdmainutils, you would get /usr/bin/cal. bsdmainutils is Priority: important in buster but only Priority: optional in stable onwards. That priority applies to all the binary packages built from the source, including ncal. Quoting the Debian FAQ: https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-faq/pkg-basics.en.html#priority If you do a default Debian installation all the packages of priority Standard or higher will be installed in your system. If you select pre-defined tasks you will get lower priority packages too. So installing Buster, you would get /usr/bin/cal by default. Installing anything newer, and you don't. On upgrade from Buster, bsdmainutils will no longer provide /usr/bin/cal. There's no dependency in place to automatically pull in the ncal package, you have to do that yourself. Thanks for the further info. Paul
Re: What happened to cal?
On 9/26/21 1:18 PM, Greg Wooledge wrote: On Sun, Sep 26, 2021 at 01:08:21PM -0400, Paul M. Foster wrote: I did a fresh install, and apparently "ncal" wasn't installed by default. "apt-cache showpkg ncal" tells me that only bsdmainutils depends on it. "apt-cache showpkg bsdmainutils" gives me a fairly significant list of packages that depend on bsdmainutils, including man-db. So, I guess you did a VERY minimal install. man-db is a "standard" package, so it should have been included in any reasonable installation. If you do an utterly bare installation, not even including Standard, you should expect to have a bunch of stuff missing. Nope. Did a full install with a variety of "tasks". The man-db package is installed, and I didn't manually install it. Paul
Re: What happened to cal?
On 9/26/21 2:57 AM, Thomas Schmitt wrote: Hi, Jeremy Ardley wrote: As I recall, there used to be a command called "cal" which would simply print this month's calendar to the screen. [...] Now that I've moved to bullseye, I don't see the command nor a package containing it. It is in the package ncal which obviously was newly introduced as binary package of source package bsdmainutils https://packages.debian.org/bullseye/amd64/ncal/filelist https://packages.debian.org/source/bullseye/bsdmainutils In buster there was only one binary package derived from that source: https://packages.debian.org/source/buster/bsdmainutils https://packages.debian.org/buster/amd64/bsdmainutils/filelist Have a nice day :) Thomas Excellent. Thanks for the info. That answers the question. Paul
Re: What happened to cal?
On 9/26/21 8:37 AM, Greg Wooledge wrote: On Sun, Sep 26, 2021 at 01:24:59AM -0400, Paul M. Foster wrote: I'm wondering if I'm mis-remembering here. As I recall, there used to be a command called "cal" which would simply print this month's calendar to the screen. It would do other calendars, depending on command line parameters. Now that I've moved to bullseye, I don't see the command nor a package containing it. unicorn:~$ cat /etc/debian_version 11.0 unicorn:~$ type cal cal is hashed (/usr/bin/cal) unicorn:~$ dpkg -S /usr/bin/cal ncal: /usr/bin/cal unicorn:~$ apt-cache show ncal | head -n14 Package: ncal Source: bsdmainutils Version: 12.1.7+nmu3 Installed-Size: 68 Maintainer: Debian Bsdmainutils Team Architecture: amd64 Replaces: bsdmainutils (<< 12.1.3) Depends: libc6 (>= 2.14), libtinfo6 (>= 6) Breaks: bsdmainutils (<< 12.1.3) Description-en: display a calendar and the date of Easter This package contains the "ncal" program and the traditional "cal" program, both are commonly found on BSD-style systems. This utility displays a simple calendar in a traditional or an alternative and more advanced layout, and the date of Easter. If you "moved to bullseye" by performing an upgrade, you should still have this command. If you "moved" by wiping the system and installing bullseye from scratch, then I guess you just have to install the ncal package manually. I did a fresh install, and apparently "ncal" wasn't installed by default. Paul
What happened to cal?
Folks: I'm wondering if I'm mis-remembering here. As I recall, there used to be a command called "cal" which would simply print this month's calendar to the screen. It would do other calendars, depending on command line parameters. Now that I've moved to bullseye, I don't see the command nor a package containing it. There is a command "gcal" which appears to do the same thing. Am I missing something? Was there a separate package called "cal" which was automatically installed in earlier versions of Debian? Or was there an automatic alias to the gcal program? Paul
Re: Development permissions
On 9/21/21 11:42 PM, Georgi Naplatanov wrote: On 9/22/21 06:09, Paul M. Foster wrote: Folks: This is probably a stupid question for many of you, but I've been struggling with it since I started using Linux in 1996. Say you have a directory in which there are development files. A number of users will be creating, deleting and modifying the files there. This is the type of situation which might have been common on old Unix university systems. (Users might be accessing files via Samba, NFS, or locally.) Just to make this more concrete, assume the development tree is in /var/www/html/website. Without setting directory and file permissions to 777, how do you allow the above? What combinations of groups, directory owners/permissions and file owners/permissions might make this possible? Hi Paul, you can create a user group, add all developers to it and give this group permissions to read and write to that particular folder (/var/www/html/website). If you need more granular permissions (e.g. several development teams) then you can use ACLs (Access Control List). Kind regards Georgi This is more or less the solution I tried. However, when a user creates a file on this system, the permissions are (for example) paulf:paulf. This means that, despite the directory permissions, other users won't be able to modify the file normally (assuming a system umask of 022). However, I did just read an excellent explanation of the setgid bit, which apparently, sets the GID of a created file to that of the directory, rather than the file's creator. This might work. I haven't tested it yet. I've heard of ACLs, but never had the need to user or learn about this. I'm assuming that attending to ACL issues requires additional steps in the creation/editing/deletion of files? Paul
Re: Development permissions
On 9/21/21 11:26 PM, Charles Curley wrote: On Tue, 21 Sep 2021 23:09:41 -0400 "Paul M. Foster" wrote: Say you have a directory in which there are development files. A number of users will be creating, deleting and modifying the files there. This is the type of situation which might have been common on old Unix university systems. (Users might be accessing files via Samba, NFS, or locally.) Just to make this more concrete, assume the development tree is in /var/www/html/website. This sounds like a development nightmare. It sounds like you are asking people to step on each other's changes. Much better to set up a version control system (git, e.g.), and let everyone develop in their own spaces. People can code and test away to their hearts' content. Wen they are satisfied, they check their changes in. Then deployment is a matter of "git pull" (or equivalent) on the working copy. Yeah, I use git in other contexts. In this particular instance, when these projects were created, git didn't exist. While I could implement it here, the other user is on a Mac. I've had experience trying to install "normal" software (like git) on a Mac (software not blessed by Apple), and it's not a pleasant experience. Additionally, the other developer uses Dreamweaver and doesn't do well with administrative tasks like "git push". I'm trying to make this as painless for her as possible. Under any other development circumstances, I would absolutely choose git. However, as I said, this type of situation had to be common on old Unix systems, and they didn't have git. They had to have solved it some other way. Paul
Development permissions
Folks: This is probably a stupid question for many of you, but I've been struggling with it since I started using Linux in 1996. Say you have a directory in which there are development files. A number of users will be creating, deleting and modifying the files there. This is the type of situation which might have been common on old Unix university systems. (Users might be accessing files via Samba, NFS, or locally.) Just to make this more concrete, assume the development tree is in /var/www/html/website. Without setting directory and file permissions to 777, how do you allow the above? What combinations of groups, directory owners/permissions and file owners/permissions might make this possible? Paul
Re: Logitech C270 webcam
On 7/27/21 12:21 PM, Thomas Amm wrote: On Tue, 2021-07-27 at 11:44 -0400, Paul M. Foster wrote: Folks: I bought a Logitech C270 webcam, which is supposed to work in Linux. It does, EXCEPT the microphone isn't picking up sound. I've checked in alsamixer, and the microphone device can be selected. But under cheese or other software, it still does not capture. Yes, I've googled this, but it's Linux, so there are few answers and none of them work for me. Any help? Paul Probably, as I still am having such a camera around somewhere. I remember having used it and -vaguely- that I had problems to keep it from registering as primary audio device. So there should be a way. Some details would be nice to know: -what does 'lsmod|grep audio' return -what is the output of 'cat /proc/asound/cards' -what does 'tail -f /var/log/syslog' say when you plug in the camera (try hotplugging it while 'tail -f[...]' is running) -is the camera connected to a USB-2 or a USB-3 port? I remember the C270 causing trouble with some USB-3 ports. As follows: paulf@dudley:~$ lsmod | grep audio snd_usb_audio 262144 2 snd_usbmidi_lib 36864 1 snd_usb_audio snd_hwdep 16384 2 snd_usb_audio,snd_hda_codec snd_pcm 114688 6 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_usb_audio,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_core snd 94208 27 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_seq_device,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hwdep,snd_hda_intel,snd_usb_audio,snd_usbmidi_lib,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_timer,snd_pcm,snd_rawmidi usbcore 294912 9 xhci_hcd,snd_usb_audio,usbhid,snd_usbmidi_lib,usblp,usb_storage,uvcvideo,xhci_pci,uas paulf@dudley:~$ cat /proc/asound/cards 0 [PCH ]: HDA-Intel - HDA Intel PCH HDA Intel PCH at 0xdf04 irq 127 1 [U0x46d0x825 ]: USB-Audio - USB Device 0x46d:0x825 USB Device 0x46d:0x825 at usb-:00:14.0-2, high speed Card #1 above is the C270. I don't want to hotplug this thing if I can avoid it-- it's way down and under everything. Plugged into a USB 2 slot. Paul
Logitech C270 webcam
Folks: I bought a Logitech C270 webcam, which is supposed to work in Linux. It does, EXCEPT the microphone isn't picking up sound. I've checked in alsamixer, and the microphone device can be selected. But under cheese or other software, it still does not capture. Yes, I've googled this, but it's Linux, so there are few answers and none of them work for me. Any help? Paul
Re: upgrade to testing
On 6/15/21 6:08 PM, Francisco M Neto wrote: Honestly worth a lot more. There are a lot of people that are not that familiar with Debian, and sometimes it's comprehensible that they don't look for search engines right away; a lot of times the answers that come up on a search apply to derivatives. Ubuntu is so ubiquitous these days that I've seen plenty of people that just follow instructions meant for it, but under Debian. So it's (from a certain point of view) comendable that they come to this list instead. After all this is _the_ Debian User Group; and it's sad that sometimes they are met with less-than-tolerant responses. Although I can completely understand (and to some extent, relate to) the way some people feel when a discussion list is sometimes treated as a support desk, a more welcoming response is more likely to create a more conscientious Debian user. That was MY €0.02. I must concur. I understand sending people away to research things on debian.org. But consider: googling across the internet's trillions of documents to find an answer, or filtering through the abundance of documentation on debian.org... it's a helluva lot easier to just ask the question here. A lot of the people here don't have to look up the answer; they know it already. And as demonstrated, the answer isn't that difficult to express. I've been using Debian from probably 20 years now. I'm just advocating for some more tolerance. Paul
Re: Converting markdown to PDF
On Thu, Apr 01, 2021 at 10:46:09PM +0200, Linux-Fan wrote: > Paul M Foster writes: > > > I'm trying to use pandoc to convert markdown files to PDF. But when I try, > > pandoc dumps out with an error that it needs "pdflatex" or some other > > similar converter to do its job. No such "pdflatex" package exists in the > > Buster stable archives. I'm sure something does this, but I don't know what > > it is. Does anyone else know? > > pdflatex is provided by package texlive-latex-base. > > Some hints about which packages might be needed can be seen in pandoc's > "Suggests": > > ~$ aptitude show pandoc [snip] Thanks. When I used "-t latex" and tried outputting to PDF after installing some of these dependencies, I did get a PDF. Unfortunately, it looks about as horrible as most LaTeX docs. I'll keep tweaking it. Paul -- Paul M. Foster http://noferblatz.com http://quillandmouse.com
Re: Converting markdown to PDF
On Thu, Apr 01, 2021 at 05:12:40PM -0400, Celejar wrote: > On Thu, 01 Apr 2021 21:41:30 +0100 > Tixy wrote: > > > On Thu, 2021-04-01 at 16:34 -0400, Paul M Foster wrote: > > > I'm trying to use pandoc to convert markdown files to PDF. But when I > > > try, > > > pandoc dumps out with an error that it needs "pdflatex" or some other > > > similar converter to do its job. No such "pdflatex" package exists in > > > the > > > Buster stable archives. I'm sure something does this, but I don't > > > know what > > > it is. Does anyone else know? > > > > > > > I just Google "debian pdflatex" and the top hit was Debian's search > > page... > > > > https://packages.debian.org/search?searchon=contents=pdflatex > > > > I'm sure someone will be along shortly to give an example of how the > > search can be done from a commandline using Debian's packaging tools or > > similar... :-) > > 'apt-file search pdflatex' > > 'apt-file' is in the 'apt-file' package - it keeps a local database, > which one updates periodically / occasionally via 'apt-file update'. > > Celejar > Thanks. The actual package is texlive-latex-base to provide pdflatex. Unfortunately, pandoc still balks, but in a different way. I'll have to do more research. Paul -- Paul M. Foster http://noferblatz.com http://quillandmouse.com
Re: Converting markdown to PDF
On Thu, Apr 01, 2021 at 09:41:30PM +0100, Tixy wrote: > On Thu, 2021-04-01 at 16:34 -0400, Paul M Foster wrote: > > I'm trying to use pandoc to convert markdown files to PDF. But when I > > try, > > pandoc dumps out with an error that it needs "pdflatex" or some other > > similar converter to do its job. No such "pdflatex" package exists in > > the > > Buster stable archives. I'm sure something does this, but I don't > > know what > > it is. Does anyone else know? > > > > I just Google "debian pdflatex" and the top hit was Debian's search > page... > > https://packages.debian.org/search?searchon=contents=pdflatex > > I'm sure someone will be along shortly to give an example of how the > search can be done from a commandline using Debian's packaging tools or > similar... :-) Cute but uncalled for. To wit... paulf@dudley:~$ uname -a Linux dudley 4.19.0-13-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.19.160-2 (2020-11-28) x86_64 GNU/Linux paulf@dudley:~$ sudo apt install pdflatex Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done E: Unable to locate package pdflatex -- Paul M. Foster http://noferblatz.com http://quillandmouse.com
Converting markdown to PDF
I'm trying to use pandoc to convert markdown files to PDF. But when I try, pandoc dumps out with an error that it needs "pdflatex" or some other similar converter to do its job. No such "pdflatex" package exists in the Buster stable archives. I'm sure something does this, but I don't know what it is. Does anyone else know? Paul -- Paul M. Foster http://noferblatz.com http://quillandmouse.com
Re: Wayland and GNOME 3
On Wed, Mar 31, 2021 at 10:24:25PM +, Andrew M.A. Cater wrote: > On Wed, Mar 31, 2021 at 05:31:59PM -0400, Paul M Foster wrote: > > A while back I installed GNOME 3 (Buster), and it dragged Wayland in, and > > now runs on top of Wayland. I like Wayland, but some things (like Synaptic) > > don't work with it. Is there a way to run GNOME 3 on Xorg? > > > > Paul > > > > -- > > Paul M. Foster > > http://noferblatz.com > > http://quillandmouse.com > > > Log out of Gnome3. You get the login splash with username to click on. That > opens the password box. Just under the password box is a cog wheel icon. > Before you put your password in, click on the cog. You get various options - > Gnome will default to Wayland but you can also choose Gnome on X11. [I can't > remember what Default X11 does] Absolutely correct. Seems a little more sluggish under Xorg, but otherwise seems okay. Thanks. Paul -- Paul M. Foster http://noferblatz.com http://quillandmouse.com
Wayland and GNOME 3
A while back I installed GNOME 3 (Buster), and it dragged Wayland in, and now runs on top of Wayland. I like Wayland, but some things (like Synaptic) don't work with it. Is there a way to run GNOME 3 on Xorg? Paul -- Paul M. Foster http://noferblatz.com http://quillandmouse.com
Re: Guest Samba shares
On Sat, Dec 12, 2020 at 09:15:22AM -0500, Dan Ritter wrote: > Keith Bainbridge wrote: > > On 12/12/20 8:34 am, Paul M Foster wrote: > > For what it's worth, I drafted this last night but couldn't send it - > > kicking self as I knew most of you would be active whilst I was asleep: > > > > This article seems to confirm my thought that macOS supports sshfs: > > > > https://igppwiki.ucsd.edu/plugins/servlet/mobile?contentId=6063930#content/view/6063930 > > > > I'm sure it does nfs if you prefer. > > It also does Apple File Protocol, or whatever they're calling it these > days, which is well-supported in Debian with the netatalk > package. This is also the best way of getting a Mac to believe > your server is a Time Machine backup device. > > -dsr- > I think it's called Bonjour on the Mac, and Netatalk on Linux. We used it, but for unknown reasons, it would randomly break her connection with the server. So now I'm trying Samba. Paul -- Paul M. Foster http://noferblatz.com http://quillandmouse.com
Re: Guest Samba shares
On Sat, Dec 12, 2020 at 10:45:01AM +1100, Keith Bainbridge wrote: > On 12/12/20 8:34 am, Paul M Foster wrote: > > I made various minor changes (like changing the mount to /music) and now > > the problem appears to be resolved. As is sometimes the case, the > > problem gets solved without you knowing how you solved it. > > > Perhaps the restart of samba? Or do you mean you re-named tthe mount > point on the mac? > > Pleased it's solved. > > > For what it's worth, I drafted this last night but couldn't send it - > kicking self as I knew most of you would be active whilst I was asleep: > > This article seems to confirm my thought that macOS supports sshfs: > > https://igppwiki.ucsd.edu/plugins/servlet/mobile?contentId=6063930#content/view/6063930 > > I'm sure it does nfs if you prefer. As far as I know, there is no NFS in sight on the Mac. Dunno about sshfs. > > It's been ages since I used samba, but I recall that users needed a > smbpasswd set. I see you have no passwd, but I'm not sure that cuts it. My wife is connecting as a guest, which makes it easier on her. As she would only be downloading mp3 files to play, she can be a "guest". > > Another suggestion: try mounting the 'music' partition somewhere else on > your Pi, and maybe give it a userid and groupid at fstab. And maybe add > your wife to that group? I changed the mount to /music, owned by root, but with 777 perms. As a guest, samba won't permit her to write to the directory. Paul -- Paul M. Foster http://noferblatz.com http://quillandmouse.com
Re: Guest Samba shares
On Fri, Dec 11, 2020 at 04:52:02PM -0500, Dan Ritter wrote: > Joe wrote: > > On Fri, 11 Dec 2020 16:34:24 -0500 > > Paul M Foster wrote: > > > > > > > > > > OMG. That's not an email list. It's a newsgroup. I didn't know anyone > > > used these anymore. I'll have to figure out how to even read/post > > > there. It's been decades since I had anything to do with newsgroups. > > > > > > > Claws-mail can do it, as can Thunderbird. Pan is a newsreader, but you > > probably don't have that handy. > > > > These are the ones I know, there are many others. I'm not trying to > > start a war here. > > If you use mutt, slrn is particularly good. > > If you don't use mutt, maybe you want to use slrn anyway. > > > -dsr- > = grin = I do use mutt, and have downloaded nn, trn4, tin and slrn to try them out. I'll pay special attention to slrn. Thanks. Paul -- Paul M. Foster http://noferblatz.com http://quillandmouse.com
Re: Guest Samba shares
On Fri, Dec 11, 2020 at 08:19:00PM +0100, deloptes wrote: > Paul M Foster wrote: > > > On Fri, Dec 11, 2020 at 04:14:15PM +0100, deloptes wrote: > >> > >> There is too much level of complexity in this issue from what I read > >> already: > >> > >> 1. it is RaspberryPI OS (based on debian but there is also dedicated list > >> where it could be answered more efficiently) > > > > I have my doubts that there is an active RPi list on which such a > > question could be answered. But it is, after all, Samba, and you've > > already seen the smb.conf. > > > > I don't because I am subscribed there - it is hosted on > eternal-september.org. The group is comp.sys.raspberry-pi > It could be also another one somewhere else. I do not guarantee this is the > only one. OMG. That's not an email list. It's a newsgroup. I didn't know anyone used these anymore. I'll have to figure out how to even read/post there. It's been decades since I had anything to do with newsgroups. Anyway, thanks for the tip. I'll check it out. [snip] > > I saw, but you never shared parts from the log file, hence we are looking in > the crystal ball here. > I mentioned I do not know about the guest permissions. I just remember that > there was something regarding mapping unknown users to nobody etc. Who > knows how it works in raspberry - they customize a lot there. > Respectively when I use the Samba as domain controller here it works > perfectly well including directories, printers and permissions. > Unfortunately I can't help with the guest OK. If you share relevant > portions from the log, somebody could come up with something more useful. I made various minor changes (like changing the mount to /music) and now the problem appears to be resolved. As is sometimes the case, the problem gets solved without you knowing how you solved it. Paul -- Paul M. Foster http://noferblatz.com http://quillandmouse.com
Re: Guest Samba shares
On Fri, Dec 11, 2020 at 04:14:15PM +0100, deloptes wrote: > > There is too much level of complexity in this issue from what I read > already: > > 1. it is RaspberryPI OS (based on debian but there is also dedicated list > where it could be answered more efficiently) I have my doubts that there is an active RPi list on which such a question could be answered. But it is, after all, Samba, and you've already seen the smb.conf. > 2. The actual user plugging the external disk is paulf but disk mounts as > default user pi Not true. The disk mounts automatically on startup. I don't manually mount this disk. > 3. Who knows how is exactly samba pre-configured I already posted the smb.conf file. Paul -- Paul M. Foster http://noferblatz.com http://quillandmouse.com
Re: Guest Samba shares
On Fri, Dec 11, 2020 at 11:11:57AM +0200, Andrei POPESCU wrote: > On Jo, 10 dec 20, 21:42:49, Paul M Foster wrote: > > On Fri, Dec 11, 2020 at 01:25:56AM +0100, deloptes wrote: > > > > For various reasons, I've set the perms on this mount as 777. > > Please show the output of 'mount' and 'ls -ld' for /media/pi/music > > Kind regards, > Andrei > -- > http://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser mount: /dev/sda1 on /media/pi/music type ext4 (rw,noatime,errors=remount-ro,stripe=8191) (not sure what the "stripe=8191" is all about; I didn't specify that) ls -ld: drwxrwxrwx 3 pi users 4096 Dec 10 16:45 /media/pi/music Paul -- Paul M. Foster http://noferblatz.com http://quillandmouse.com
Re: Guest Samba shares
On Fri, Dec 11, 2020 at 05:35:37PM +1100, Keith Bainbridge wrote: > On 11/12/20 1:42 pm, Paul M Foster wrote: > > For various reasons, I've set the perms on this mount as 777. Anything > > on a Raspberry Pi gets mounted in the /media/pi hierarchy by default. I > > couldn't see a reason to change it, if I set the permissions > > appropriately. > > G'day Paul > > pi being the default user under raspbian/raspOS. At least with the > recent installer, you are required to give pi a password. It used be > that there was a default password, and you had to know to change that > yourself. > > My 2c worth: as you have already set up a personal user, disable auto > log-in to user pi and make sure user pi has a strong password. Having > user pi available is likely the prime target of any attack, simply > because it used have a default. > > > Once you start logging in as paul, you'll find that automount USB item > go to /media/paul. > > Keith Bainbridge > On boot, the system only knows paulf as a user. When it boots and mounts the drive, it mounts it under the pi user. I don't know what wizardry they use to accomplish this, but that's how it works. I'm not sure what wizardry is used to make this happen, but I've now enshrined it in the fstab file. Again, where the drive mounts is incidental to the original question. Paul -- Paul M. Foster http://noferblatz.com http://quillandmouse.com
Re: Guest Samba shares
On Thu, Dec 10, 2020 at 10:09:20PM -0500, Stefan Monnier wrote: > > Anything on a Raspberry Pi gets mounted in the /media/pi hierarchy > > by default. > > I'm pretty sure that it's not the case. It's a matter of the OS you run > on your Pi, not the fact that it's a Raspberry Pi. > > IIUC what you're saying is that you're not running plain Debian but some > other OS and that OS uses /media/pi by default mount things. > > It's important to clarify those details here, because this is a Debian > mailing-list, so readers like me generally presume that you're using > Debian and not some other (presumably Debian-derivative) OS. > > > Stefan > Oops. I sent the reply without the reply. Sorry. The Raspberry Pi (the server in this case) runs a variant of Debian, Raspberry Pi OS. Where the disc mounts is an incidental detail. Samba, whether on Fedora, Arch or Debian, is configured more or less the same way. Since I've been running Debian alone for the last 20 years, this seemed to be the best place to ask the question. Paul -- Paul M. Foster http://noferblatz.com http://quillandmouse.com
Re: Guest Samba shares
On Thu, Dec 10, 2020 at 10:09:20PM -0500, Stefan Monnier wrote: > > Anything on a Raspberry Pi gets mounted in the /media/pi hierarchy > > by default. > > I'm pretty sure that it's not the case. It's a matter of the OS you run > on your Pi, not the fact that it's a Raspberry Pi. > > IIUC what you're saying is that you're not running plain Debian but some > other OS and that OS uses /media/pi by default mount things. > > It's important to clarify those details here, because this is a Debian > mailing-list, so readers like me generally presume that you're using > Debian and not some other (presumably Debian-derivative) OS. > > > Stefan > -- Paul M. Foster http://noferblatz.com http://quillandmouse.com
Re: Guest Samba shares
On Fri, Dec 11, 2020 at 01:25:56AM +0100, deloptes wrote: > Paul M Foster wrote: > > > Any idea why contents are not showing up, and what can be done to remedy > > this? > > could be permissions on /media/pi/music ? > > I use it here as domain controller - only dedicated users - not sure about > the guest settings, but the mount point is strange. Somewhere it > said /media is for the system to mount devices. Looks like your user 'pi' > owns the stuff. It could be I am wrong. > > Usually you debug in the smb log files. You better look inside and post > here. > For various reasons, I've set the perms on this mount as 777. Anything on a Raspberry Pi gets mounted in the /media/pi hierarchy by default. I couldn't see a reason to change it, if I set the permissions appropriately. Paul -- Paul M. Foster http://noferblatz.com http://quillandmouse.com
Guest Samba shares
I've got a Pi with a hard drive connected to it with music on it. I've got SSH configured so I can admin the box headless. I've got FTP configured so I can upload music. Now I'm working on Samba. My wife has a Mac which understands Samba. She can scan the LAN on the Mac and see the music share from the Pi. But she can't see any of the files on it. I'd like her to be able to download (not upload) files from it without a login. Here's my smb.conf file, condensed to show only the relevant parts: [global] security = user workgroup = mars.lan server role = standalone server obey pam restrictions = yes unix password sync = yes passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* . pam password change = yes map to guest = bad user usershare allow guests = yes [music] comment = Music path = /media/pi/music browseable = yes read only = yes guest ok = yes guest only = yes Any idea why contents are not showing up, and what can be done to remedy this? Paul -- Paul M. Foster http://noferblatz.com http://quillandmouse.com
Permissions on NFS mounts
I have two users on the client: paulf 1000 and nancyf 1001. On the server, I have two users: pi 1000 and paulf 1001. I can mount the NFS share from the server to /mnt on my client. But any files belonging to me (user 1001 on the server) look like they belong to nancy (user 1001 on the client. More importantly, if I copy files to this share from the client, they will look like they belong to pi (user 1000) on the server. Is there some way in the /etc/exports file to adjust the parameters so that files retain my ownership on the server? Paul -- Paul M. Foster http://noferblatz.com http://quillandmouse.com
Re: Thanks to all -- Re: Does Debian have a "nag" tool?
On Sat, Aug 15, 2020 at 08:46:18AM -0500, Richard Owlett wrote: > "remind" is the appropriate tool. > It does NOT rely on anything other than computer being turned on. > With appropriate script it can "nag" me ;} > q.v. > https://manpages.debian.org/buster/remind/remind.1.en.html > https://dianne.skoll.ca/projects/remind/ FWIW, I run remind as a personal cron job every day, and have it email me the results of today's reminders. Incredibly useful. I also wrote a web front end for it which looks a lot nicer than tkremind. It can't update the reminders, but it does show them in a nice calendar format on a web page. Paul -- Paul M. Foster http://noferblatz.com http://quillandmouse.com
Re: FOSS equivalents of *OLD* database and spreadsheet tools?
On Sat, Jul 25, 2020 at 12:38:10PM -0500, Richard Owlett wrote:
> Back in 70's/80's I wrote programs as part of routine job duties.
> {8080/8085 assembler, dBase and Paradox}
> Neither I, nor my employers, classed me as a "programmer".
> I was "Senior Engineering Tech" or "Junior Engineer".
> IOW, I was not in abject *AWE* of computers. *ROFL*
>
> Right now I'm working on a personal project.
> INPUT:How much of what did I eat?
> OUTPUT: How much [cal/protein/fiber] did I eat?
>
> SQL {and variants} seen to dominate all else.
> IIRC, dBase was simpler.
>
> What current FOSS system might I be comfortable with?
>
I used dBase (FoxPro) and Paradox decades ago. My advice: learn SQL and
select the DBMS of your choice. SQLite3, PostgreSQL, MySQL. For
portability and low traffic, I'd select SQLite3.
Gone are the days of xBase and the like. SQL is the lingua franca for
all modern database systems. And SQLite3 has bindings for most modern
languages.
Since you probably would like an application with a nice interface
(curses, GUI, web), I'd suggest PHP. The platform for your interface is
in the server and the browser; you just have to write some HTML, which
is pretty easy. Otherwise, you're looking at fiddly code with GTK or QT
(or ncurses).
Paul
--
Paul M. Foster
http://noferblatz.com
http://quillandmouse.com
mount/NFS/file copy problems
I typically do a backup via rsync of my home directory to a backup directory on another machine. That backup directory is mounted as an NFS mount on my machine. I run the backup through cron as a job executed through /etc/cron.daily. Normally, all goes well, and I get a daily email detailing what was backed up, etc. Yesterday, I upgraded mount and nfs-* (nfs-common, nfs-kernel-server) on the client. Today, my backup failed on most of the files it tried with permissions issues (permission denied (13)). I upgraded the server to the most recent mount and nfs-* in unstable. mount is now 2.13.1.1 and nfs-* are 1.1.4-1. No changes to /etc/exports on the server, no changes to /etc/fstab on the client. Both client and server have the same versions of these packages. I umounted the directories on the client, umounted them on the server, brought nfs-* down, back up, remounted the directories on the server and then on the client. No problems with mounts. To test this permissions issue, I decided to narrow the parameters: copy one file from my home directory to the backup directory. This file didn't exist on the backup directory. I tried copying the file both as root and as myself (paulf). Same permissions problem in both cases. Here is the transcript (as root): sherman:/home/paulf# cp .0verkill /lan/backup/backup/sherman/home/paulf/ cp: cannot create regular file `/lan/backup/backup/sherman/home/paulf/.0verkill': Permission denied Here is the file: -rw-r--r-- 1 paulf paulf 17 2007-11-06 23:38 .0verkill Here are the permissions on the directory being copied to: sherman:/home/paulf# ls -l /lan/backup/backup/sherman/home total 8 drwxr-xr-x 135 paulf paulf 8192 2009-01-13 10:14 paulf Here is the relevant content in the client's /etc/fstab: pokey:/lan /lan/backup nfs soft,intr,timeo=12,wsize=8192,rsize=8192 0 0 Here is the relevant content in the server's /etc/exports: /lan sherman(rw,sync,no_root_squash) So, effectively, root *is* being squashed, and even as the owner of the file I (paulf) can't do the copy. Any help would be appreciated. Paul -- Paul M. Foster -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to debian-user-requ...@lists.debian.org with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact listmas...@lists.debian.org
Re: [DEB-USER] OT: C++ mailing list sought
On Sun, Feb 22, 2004 at 05:59:15PM +0100, martin f krafft wrote: Please forgive me asking this question here. Since accu.org charges for mailing list access and the Cpp list @topica was pretty bad when I last checked it out (or is this not the case anymore?), I am looking for a C++ mailing list for general discussion and problem solving. I wouldn't mind if it's geared towards UNIX and I wouldn't have to deal with MFC/C# crap. Does anyone have any pointers for good lists? See http://lists.linux.org.au/listinfo/tuxcpprogramming for a Linux-oriented C++ list. Paul -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: xscreensaver and KDE
On Wed, Feb 04, 2004 at 06:10:04AM -0500, Antonio Rodriguez wrote: On Tue, Feb 03, 2004 at 08:50:24PM -0500, Paul M Foster wrote: On Mon, Feb 02, 2004 at 10:03:59PM -0600, ABrady wrote: IceWM and XFCE will run xscreensaver at startup if you like. I do it with my ~/.xinitrc. It's like this: #!/bin/bash exec xscreensaver exec /usr/bin/xfce In fact, I have an Xdialog routine in my .xinitrc that allows me to pick which window manager I want to run when X starts up. Paul, would you abound on the Xdialog routine? Thanks You mean expound? I wondered if anyone would ask. Here is the script I use. #!/bin/bash exec /usr/bin/xscreensaver CHOICE=`Xdialog --stdout --menubox Window Manager 0x0 7 Xfce \ IceWM Blackbox KDE2 GNOME TWM VTWM ` case $CHOICE in Xfce) exec /usr/bin/xfce ;; IceWM) exec /usr/X11R6/bin/icewm ;; Blackbox) exec /usr/bin/blackbox ;; KDE2) exec /usr/bin/kde2 ;; GNOME) exec /usr/bin/gnome-wm --default-wm /usr/bin/enlightenment ;; TWM) exec /usr/X11R6/bin/twm ;; VTWM) exec /usr/bin/X11/vtwm ;; esac Paul -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: xscreensaver and KDE
On Tue, Feb 03, 2004 at 08:50:24PM -0500, Paul M Foster wrote: On Mon, Feb 02, 2004 at 10:03:59PM -0600, ABrady wrote: On Mon, 2 Feb 2004 22:48:08 -0500 Paul M Foster [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: snip So the question is: how can I get KDE automatically start up xscreensaver on startup (when running KDM)? I wanted the same and did it this way. Turn off all screensavers in KDE. Create an executable file in ~/.kde/Autostart, something like this: #!/bin/bash xscreensaver You can also add other things in there (I do) that you'd like to have run every time KDE starts. snip Thanks much. I'll try that and report back if there's a problem. Nope, that didn't work under KDM. It may work using straight KDE, but not running KDM. Any other ideas? Paul -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: [DEB-USER] Re: xscreensaver and KDE
On Mon, Feb 02, 2004 at 09:37:40PM -0800, Ralph Alvy wrote: Paul M Foster wrote: I've noticed that in KDE, in the Control Center, you can select screensavers to run. Actually, either just one, or all of them randomly. Paul How do you get KDE to use all of them randomly? I don't see that option on the screesaver config screen. I'm using KDE 3.15. Scroll down the list of screensavers in the control center. When you get to the Rs, there's one called Random. It appears to randomly run the other screensavers. I haven't fully tested this. It may be that it runs one particular one each time the screensaver kicks in, and then a different one the next time it kicks in. I do know that when you click on it to see the demo in the little screen, it shows a different one each time you click on it. Paul -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: [DEB-USER] Re: xscreensaver and KDE
On Mon, Feb 02, 2004 at 10:03:59PM -0600, ABrady wrote: On Mon, 2 Feb 2004 22:48:08 -0500 Paul M Foster [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I've noticed that in KDE, in the Control Center, you can select screensavers to run. Actually, either just one, or all of them randomly. However, I have an ~/.xscreensaver file where all my preferences are already picked out just the way I like them. It seems that KDE ignores this file in favor of its own setup somewhere else. This would be fine, except that when you run KDM, it appears to bypass the whole ~/.xinitrc setup, which is where I call xscreensaver as the first program to execute. So the question is: how can I get KDE automatically start up xscreensaver on startup (when running KDM)? I wanted the same and did it this way. Turn off all screensavers in KDE. Create an executable file in ~/.kde/Autostart, something like this: #!/bin/bash xscreensaver You can also add other things in there (I do) that you'd like to have run every time KDE starts. You can run the KDE screensavers from regular xscreensaver as well. Just find the *.kss files and add them into ~/.xscreensaver manually. I don't have it that way now, but I used to do it a couple of years ago. It's mostly redundant, but sometimes KDE includes something not in the regular program. Thanks much. I'll try that and report back if there's a problem. Now, if I could just get it working with IceWM or XFCE. IceWM and XFCE will run xscreensaver at startup if you like. I do it with my ~/.xinitrc. It's like this: #!/bin/bash exec xscreensaver exec /usr/bin/xfce In fact, I have an Xdialog routine in my .xinitrc that allows me to pick which window manager I want to run when X starts up. Of course, all bets are off if you're using KDM or somesuch. I use startx, so it does run things like ~/.xinitrc. Paul -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
xscreensaver and KDE
I've noticed that in KDE, in the Control Center, you can select screensavers to run. Actually, either just one, or all of them randomly. However, I have an ~/.xscreensaver file where all my preferences are already picked out just the way I like them. It seems that KDE ignores this file in favor of its own setup somewhere else. This would be fine, except that when you run KDM, it appears to bypass the whole ~/.xinitrc setup, which is where I call xscreensaver as the first program to execute. So the question is: how can I get KDE automatically start up xscreensaver on startup (when running KDM)? Paul -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: elinks -dump without tables
On Mon, Jan 26, 2004 at 05:11:59AM +0100, Jan Minar wrote: On Sun, Jan 25, 2004 at 07:44:07PM -0800, Nano Nano wrote: I use elinks -dump to get websites into text files. However, if the website contains tables, the output isn't well-formatted for a text editor -- all the tables become split lines. Hi, Nano. links is an awful botch. Designwise, it's to browsers what MS-DOS is to OS's. I don't much care for lynx output either. Is there a good way to get table-oriented html pages into a text editor properly? w3m(1). It even has some Emacs integration. You could make links format the page, and then cat the appropriate /dev/vcs* One of the problems with both links and w3m is that it doesn't seem to detect the width of the console. On any page with a lot of text, part of the text will be off the screen to the right, and you have to scroll the screen over to see it. I wish they'd make it adjust table widths and such so that it accommodates an 80 character display (like all the GUI browsers, which adjust to the width of the window they're in). Paul -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: [OT] Bruce Perens talks to BBC
On Mon, Jan 26, 2004 at 04:49:26AM +0100, Jan Minar wrote: On Sat, Jan 24, 2004 at 05:01:17PM -0800, Nano Nano wrote: Here's another view of that data: What about this one?: | Country Aid(Billions) People(Millions) Dollars/Person | Australia 1 19.750.76 | Austria 0.5 8.1 61.73 | Belgium 1.1 10.2107.84 | Canada 2 32.262.11 | Denmark 1.6 5.3 301.89 | Finland 0.5 5.1 98.04 | France 5.2 60.186.52 | Germany 5.4 82.365.61 | Greece 0.3 10.628.30 | Ireland 0.4 3.9 102.56 | Italy 2.3 57.939.72 | Japan 9.2 127.2 72.33 | Luxembourg 0.1 0.4 250.00 | Netherlands 3.4 16.1211.18 | New Zealand 0.1 3.9 25.64 | Norway 1.7 4.5 377.78 | Portugal0.3 10.129.70 | Spain 1.6 40.239.80 | Sweden 1.8 8.8 204.55 | Switzerland 0.9 7.3 123.29 | U K 4.7 60 78.33 | USA 12.9290.3 44.44 As any person capable of reading can see, The US *are* the worst! Really? And you get that from this table, do you? The *worst*? You know what? I think the we (the U.S.) should cut off aid entirely to the rest of the world. The rest of the world has a serious habit of biting the hand that feeds it. So let them fend for themselves. And here are some guidelines for living in the shadow of the United States of America: 1. Don't call us when you need help fending off the next power-mad psycho bent on enslaving the entire planet. 2. Don't call us when you've finished erecting the full-on socialist state you're busy creating in Europe, and you don't like the results. 3. Don't come here to escape your crushing taxes. 4. Don't come here to avoid your crappy socialized health care system. 5. Don't expect sympathy when 3000 of your citizens become victims of the next Islamist nut job with a plan, who claims he hates the U.S. but inexplicably attacks you instead. 6. Don't come here to find opportunity or the promise of a better life. That includes you, Mexico. 7. Don't expect our help in creating an economy or a society that actually works. Our founding documents are all on the internet for you to peruse. That's how we did it and how we do it. 8. Don't expect to benefit from any technological advances created in the U.S., including new life-saving drugs. 9. Don't call us. Yeah, the U.S. really sucks. And we love hearing it over and over again from people who are cut off from the fruits of observation, and are really incapable of doing anything but whining. Or who really just have a socialist or communist agenda. Paul -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: OT: Why stonehenge Sucks
On Wed, Jan 14, 2004 at 03:10:46PM +1100, Matthew Joyce wrote: snip A humble request: could everybody be more consciencous about dropping offensive terms like KKK. The cognitive processes preceding such an utterance disturb me. Being from the South, I am really sensitive about it, because people tend to conflate all Southerners with such behavior. The other day Greg Proops did a bit on the Comedy Channel about Southerners having gills, pointy heads, and needing to cross-breed. Just because *some* negative examples of a group of people exist does not mean its okay to name them in polite company. Negative examples can be constructed for any group. How about adding the children of the former awful people to the sensitivity awareness mechanism in your brain. I'm from the South (USA) as well, and I'm _not_ very sensitive about it. There _are_ inbred, pointy-headed biggots in the South. But only idiots think all people from the South act/think like that. Or people who have never been there and met/dealt with Southerners. I can't imagine why we should pay any attention to people who spout off about things of which they're completely ignorant. More importantly, crank down the sensitivity knob, bubba. One of the worst problems in America (and the rest of the civilized world) today is exactly this sort of grievance mentality. The world is full of louts who don't pay much attention to the effects they create, or who like nothing better than to tweak people like you. You can either whine about it, or toughen up. Paul -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Cursor problems
On Mon, Jan 05, 2004 at 10:41:26AM -0500, Robert C. Thyberg wrote: I put this on the debian-laptop list but got no response. Have tried the Debian support pages but found no help there. I was advised to try this list by Tapio Lehtonen. What: SONY VAIO F490 650Mhz Intel, 18GB HDD Debian 3.0 rev2 woody, new install Problem: Can't get arrow shaped cursor in GUI or block in console. Cursor is a three quarter inch square of vertical lines or hash in both GUI and in console. . Top left corner of square is the point which works but is very hard on the eyes. gpm is installed Square cursor in KDE and GNOME and Konqueror and all GUI stuff. Same kind of cursor on the console I had a similar problem, but only in X, and on entirely different hardware. You can try my solution, and if it doesn't work, no harm done. In the section of your /etc/X11/XF86Config-4 file that talks about your video card (should be a Device section), add the line: Option SWCursor on HTH, Paul -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: [DEB-USER] Re: 2.6.0 + where is /etc/modules?
On Sun, Jan 04, 2004 at 05:29:34PM +0100, Pascal Seiler wrote: As a not for long time Linux (debian) user I'm totally confused about loading kernel modules in Kernel 2.6.0. I figured out that Kernel 2.6.0 uses module-init-tools. I dought that this will autodetect needed modules at boot time and then load them. False? Is it correct that modules I wish to load at boot time need still be listed in /etc/modules? Are they other ways to load modules? I don't know how Debian will be setting it up in the future, but for kernel 2.6, the module handling is different. Instead of /etc/modules.conf, 2.6 uses a file called /etc/modprobe.conf, with a slightly different syntax. With the module-init-tools package (which I presume is part of the 2.6 bundle), there is a script that converts your /etc/modules.conf to /etc/modprobe.conf. Likewise, with the documentation for that package, it briefly explains the differences in the two formats. I have not done all this myself. I saw a post about it, and decided to check it out in advance of installing a 2.6 kernel. I downloaded the module-init-tools package and examined its docs and the script I mentioned. If you google for module-init-tools, you'll find where to download it. Paul -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Unresolve symbols, running kernel
I'm trying to build the Wacom tablet driver from the linuxwacom project, and in attempting to load the resultant wacom.o module, I get three unresolved symbols: input_register_device_Rd7e250e3 input_event_Rbe7e42b3 input_unregister_device_Rcf34c401 I have the 2.4.18-1-k6 kernel image that loads at boot. In order to build this module, I installed the 2.4.18-1-k6 kernel package and built the source using the .config file in my /boot partition. Now, I find the same symbols published in: /lib/modules/2.4.18-1-k6/kernel/drivers/input/input.o that I just built. However, these may not be the same symbols published by the actual running kernel, and I don't know how to tell what those are. So I suppose the question is: does a built module attempt to reconcile its symbols with a running kernel or with the one you've just built? (I hope this makes sense.) Paul -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: [DEB-USER] Re: Versions by Debian release
On Thu, Dec 25, 2003 at 07:45:42PM -0800, Paul Johnson wrote: -BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE- Hash: SHA1 On Thu, Dec 25, 2003 at 12:03:28AM -0500, Paul M Foster wrote: Now the question is: If I could do this, then why haven't we backported X (version 4.3) to stable? If you had googled, you would have found apt-get.org, which has sources for backported XF86. Thanks for the tip; I wouldn't have known what to google for. I've heard of repositories of non-Debian-blessed packages, but I couldn't find any links to them on the Debian site. But again, the question remains unanswered. Why won't _Debian_ rev the version number for packages in stable after packages have been tested? Paul -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Versions by Debian release
I had a problem with X that I posted earlier this week to this list. I didn't receive any replies, and I had a feeling that the only answer was going to be upgrading xserver-xfree86 from the version I was running under stable. I did an apt-get update and apt-get --dry-run install xserver-xfree86. From the output, it looked like this would break a few things, which I didn't want. (I recently went from testing to stable in order to be able to run KDE.) So I went to xfree86.org and downloaded the latest source. I compiled and installed. This fixed my X problem, and didn't break anything under stable. Now the question is: If I could do this, then why haven't we backported X (version 4.3) to stable? I suspect the answer is that versions of packages under stable are never changed. My question is: Why is this? If we can increment the package versions in stable without breaking things, why don't we? Why are package versions inviolate? Every few months, we put out revisions to stable anyway. Paul -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
USB Printer
Trying to hook up and run an Epson Stylus Photo R300M, which has only a USB connection to the computer. Using CUPS for my printing software. OS is Debian stable. When I try to tell CUPS to send a test page, it says it can't access /dev/usb/lp0, that there is no such device. Of course, the /dev/usb/lp0 file is actually there. I'm at a loss on how to operate and test USB devices. Is there some software that manages this stuff, or certain modules which must be present? Paul -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Console/X transfer problems
I think I've seen this problem discussed before, but I don't know how I'd even query the archives on it. I'm on Debian stable, version 4.1.0.1 of xserver-xfree86, running a Trident Cyberblade i/1 video card and a generic monitor. Here's the problem: When I'm in X and switch out to a console (Ctrl-Alt-Fx) all is fine. When I switch from there back to X (Alt-F7), the screen is dark and after a few seconds, I lose video sync (you can tell because the lights on the monitor start blinking as through the monitor has no signal to it). I have to kill X in order to recover. I've tried the frequency ranges that the monitor's manual indicates. I've tried using the framebuffer interface. Etc. etc. It seems like I've heard of this problem before, but I don't recall the solution. Paul -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Windows character sets and Linux
I've often seen webpages where certain characters (primarily things like apostrophes, quotes and such) show as '?' under Linux. I believe this is a problem with character sets in Windows versus Linux. I'm assuming that if I include the proper locale in Linux, this problem will go away. Does anyone know how to solve this, and what the character set is which Windows uses (in American English)? Paul -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Modules/Ethernet setup
When I was installing Deb 3.0r1 on a new machine, I couldn't find what I thought was the right module/driver for the ethernet card, so I just skipped it. Later I found the right driver. I can get the card up and working. Manually, I can do it this way: modprobe natsemi ifconfig eth0 inet 192.168.10.2 route add default gw 192.168.10.20 However, I don't know how to integrate this with the Debian /etc/modules/* and /etc/modules.conf. Can anyone tell me what files to create and with what parameters? Paul -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: OT - Documenting systems
On Wed, Nov 05, 2003 at 10:47:00PM +, Clive Menzies wrote: Hi By stealth, I seem to be developing a sysadmin personality, what with the expanding network here and increasingly getting involved in networking on behalf of clients. I've tried various approaches to recording details of individual components and the network but keeping them up to date is difficult. Google mainly threw up people's cv's describing their strengths in documenting systems or commercial tools. Can anyone offer any guidance in terms of sources of information or debian tools to document networked systems. There are at least four programs (scripts, really) that will document hardware, interrupts, network configuration, etc. Some are and some aren't shipped with Debian. Each varies in its thoroughness and utility. All must be run on the machine you wish a report on. That means they won't run on Windows boxes. The programs are: collect, hinv, si, and survey. I developed my own combination of these called syssum, which I can email you if you like. HTH, Paul -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Incremental CDR backups -- SOLVED
On Thu, Oct 30, 2003 at 03:05:47PM +0100, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Paul writes
There must be something I don't understand about this. For the sake of
brevity, here's an example. First burn is /home/paulf/docs. It contains
the files alfa, bravo, charlie and delta. I make an ISO of this, stored
in /tmp/cdimage. I burn it to CDR and delete the /tmp/cdimage file. A
week later, I've updated the bravo file and added an echo file. Now I
make an ISO of the /home/paulf/docs directory, and burn that to
the CDR.
Now when I look on the CDR, what I see is the _original_ burn. All this
is using the commands I mentioned above (normally I'd snip email,
but...).
Now, my original thought was that mkisofs/cdrecord process would simply
add the new echo file, and show an updated version of the bravo file,
while leaving the rest alone. Sort of like the way it works on a hard
drive, except that the space taken up by the old versions of files
(like
bravo) would still be used.
snip
PS: in case anyone is interested, I have written two Perl scripts
intended to make full and incremental backups on CD-R more
convenient. The first puts a large number of files on several iso9660
CDs (without any archiving or compression, just like that) and the
second adds sessions to a multisession disk with some safety
measures. The first script also can collaborate with the second by
burning the last disk in multisession mode, so as to make the
remaining space available for further incremental backups. Both are
thoroughly tested by myself and work fine for me, although the
session-adding script is sometimes provoking errors from the SCSI
adaptor driver. This should be a problem of the latter (beta), not of
the script.
I'd be interested in your scripts. Meantime, I solved the original
problem. I don't know what I was doing wrong, but I read every bit of
documentation I could find and understand. Most helpful was the
README.multi that comes with cdrecord. The following is roughly how it
works:
# FIRST Burn
# Make image
mkisofs -r -o /tmp/cdimage /home/paulf/cdrom
# Test image
mount /tmp/cdimage -r -t iso9660 -o loop /cdrom
mc /cdrom
umount /cdrom
# Actual burn
cdrecord -v -multi speed=4 dev=0,0 /tmp/cdimage
# Test CDR
mount -t iso9660 -o ro /dev/cdrom /cdrom
mc /cdrom
umount /cdrom
# Delete image
rm /tmp/cdimage
# LATER burns
# Make image
TRACK=`cdrecord -msinfo dev=0,0`
mkisofs -o /tmp/cdimage -r -C $TRACK -M /dev/cdrom /home/paulf/cdrom
# Test image
TRACK=`cdrecord -msinfo dev=0,0`
FIRST=${TRACK%%,*}
mkisofs -o /tmp/cdimage2 -r -C $FIRST,0 -M /dev/cdrom /home/paulf/cdrom
mount /tmp/cdimage2 -r -t iso9660 -o loop /cdrom
mc /cdrom
umount /cdrom
rm /tmp/cdimage2
# Actual burn
cdrecord -v -multi speed=4 dev=0,0 /tmp/cdimage
# Test CDR
mount -t iso9660 -o ro /dev/cdrom /cdrom
mc /cdrom
umount /cdrom
# Delete image
rm /tmp/cdimage
Some notes: It is possible to determine if a disk has been burned before
by checking the results of cdrecord -multi dev=0,0. If empty, then so is
the disk. This would allow a script to determine which branch to take
(virgin or already burned). Also in testing the above, I also note that
sometimes the kernel is dumb about what's on the CDR. Apparently, when
testing the image burned on the CDR from later sessions, Linux will
sometimes think nothing has changed from the last burn. It appears that
if you eject the disk, it usually resolves this problem. It may be that
a simple sync command will do the same thing. But lack of doing this may
lead the user into believing that their burn was unsuccessful somehow,
even though the system appeared to actually burn the CD.
Paul
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Re: [DEB-USER] Re: Incremental CDR backups
On Wed, Oct 29, 2003 at 02:44:16AM +1100, bob parker wrote: On Mon, 27 Oct 2003 11:08, Paul M Foster wrote: I'm having difficulty burning incremental CDR backups. (Using Debian 3.0r1/testing.) They burn fine, but when I mount the CD after the second and subsequent backups, all I can see is the original session. Here are the commands I give Linux: (First burn) mkisofs -r -o /tmp/cdimage /home/paulf/cdrom cdrecord -v -multi speed=4 dev=0,0,0 -data /tmp/cdimage (Second burn, after creating a new bunch of stuff to backup) NEXTTRACK=`cdrecord -msinfo dev=0,0,0` mkisofs -r -o /tmp/cdimage -C $NEXTTRACK -M /dev/cdrom /home/paulf/cdrom cdrecord -v -multi speed=4 dev=0,0,0 -data /tmp/cdimage According to the CD-Writing-HOWTO and the README.multi doc file from the cdrecord disto, this should do it. But all I see is the original session when I mount the CD. (And no, I don't want to do this with a GUI, thanks.) Paul, You need a way to select files to backup that are newer than the previous backup. So: cp -p /var/backup/control /tmp/control where /var/backup/control was 'touched' at the time of the previous backup. followed by: touch /var/backup/control Also, you need to give a unique file name for each backup. Something like: OFN=backup_incr-$(date -I).tgz then: tar --create --gzip --file $OFN \ --newer /tmp/control \ --exclude *.iso \ --exclude *.wav \ /home/paulf/ After that: touch /var/backup/control You can use as many --exclude options as you want to avoid backing up such stuff as your browser cache and so on. If you don't want to tar and zip your backup you can use the -graft-points option of mkisofs to create a dir on the cdrom based on the date of backup or similar. See the man page. Then the iso for the first burn mkisofs -r -o /tmp/cdimage $OFN burn it subsequent burns mkisofs -r -o /tmp/cdimage -C $NEXTTRACK -M /dev/cdrom $OFN and burn it. And I agree with you, leave the GUI stuff out of this, it adds complication for no real gain. There must be something I don't understand about this. For the sake of brevity, here's an example. First burn is /home/paulf/docs. It contains the files alfa, bravo, charlie and delta. I make an ISO of this, stored in /tmp/cdimage. I burn it to CDR and delete the /tmp/cdimage file. A week later, I've updated the bravo file and added an echo file. Now I make an ISO of the /home/paulf/docs directory, and burn that to the CDR. Now when I look on the CDR, what I see is the _original_ burn. All this is using the commands I mentioned above (normally I'd snip email, but...). Now, my original thought was that mkisofs/cdrecord process would simply add the new echo file, and show an updated version of the bravo file, while leaving the rest alone. Sort of like the way it works on a hard drive, except that the space taken up by the old versions of files (like bravo) would still be used. This appears to be the way my wife's software on Windows works. But I can't seem to make this work on my Linux box. Any pointers to help me understand this would be appreciated. Paul -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
