Doug Greene and Harrison Fluss on Spinoza�s Radical Enlightenment

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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The Radical Enlightenment starts with Baruch Spinoza’s materialist philosophy. 
There is a direct line from Spinoza to Marx and Engels via the French 
Revolution. 

Why Spinoza?

Why does Jonathan Israel — and for that matter, many Marxists — consider 
Spinoza so central a philosopher? Why did the precursors of Marx, such as 
Feuerbach, call Spinoza, “the Moses of the modern free-thinkers and 
materialists,” and why did Heine even compare Spinoza to Christ?1 What accounts 
for all this celebration? It is that Spinoza’s philosophy represents the 
sharpest break with ancient and medieval worldviews, inaugurating a new 
beginning. Unlike the rationalism of René Descartes or Gottfried Leibniz, 
Spinoza’s was monistic; it rejected Descartes’s incomplete break with the 
Catholic Church, as well as Leibniz’s attempt to cloak theism in reason. The 
British empiricists, such as John Locke, likewise cut deals between knowledge 
and traditional faith. All these figures made concessions to God and throne. 
This was a shamefaced Enlightenment, ashamed of its own power of reason. Out of 
these early modern intellectuals, it was Spinoza who most clearly rejected all 
supernatural admixtures with reason. It is with him that philosophical 
modernity truly begins.


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[Marxism] Enlightenment Betrayed: Jonathan Israel, Marxism, and the Enlightenmen t Legacy

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To celebrate Bastille Day, Doug Enaa Greene and Harrison Fluss are sharing part 
one of a six part series of essays on Jonathan Israel, The Enlightenment, 
French Revolution and Marxism.

https://tinyurl.com/yark8gr4


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Re: [Marxism] Bari Weiss Is Leaving the New York Times

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She's obviously looking for a big payout from the NY Times. But more 
importantly, it says something when at what is probably the leading newspaper 
in the US, that someone with her views is no longer acceptable there. I think 
that is a pretty good indication of which way the political winds are now 
blowing. When a ruling class organ like the NY Times feels the need to clean 
house and get rid of people like her then that is good news for us. All the 
news fit to print, indeed.

Jim Farmelant
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-- Original Message --
From: Louis Proyect via Marxism 
Subject: [Marxism] Bari Weiss Is Leaving the New York Times
Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2020 11:14:21 -0400

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https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/4ay47q/bari-weiss-is-leaving-the-new-york-times

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Re: [Marxism] It�s Official � Steven PinkerIs Full of Shit

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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I have had a number of beefs with Pinker over his 2018 book Enlightenment Now, 
which I think is quite overrated in the humanist community. I also have taken 
issue with Pinker for his habit of misrepresenting the ideas of thinkers that 
he disagrees with. One example of that was his utter distortion of B. F. 
Skinner's ideas in The Blank Slate. Another bad habit of his is failure to give 
due credit to thinkers from the past, on whose work he has drawn upon. Over a 
dozen years ago, I attended a talk by Pinker on the evolutionary psychology of 
religion. In that talk, Pinker made the case that religion acts to promote 
social cohesion by among other things demarcating the boundaries between 
different social groups. So far, so good, but Pinker neglected to mention that 
the French sociologist, Emile Durkheim, had made that very same argument more 
than a century ago. A person could have easily walked away from the talk with 
the impression that this was all Pinker's own thinking.
And don't get me started about Pinker and Marxism. Pinker knows next to nothing 
about Marxism, has no interest in learning about it, but thinks himself to be 
eminently qualified to pontificate about it, nevertheless

When I read Pinker's discussion of social Darwinism, I found it to be 
unsatisfactory. Pinker complained that the term is too widely used such that it 
has become meaningless. He seems to blame Richard Hofstadter's book, Social 
Darwinism in American Thought, 1860–1915 for this. He also pinned blame on 
Stephen Jay Gould as well. Pinker seems to think that the only genuine form of 
social Darwinism was the kind that stemmed from the work of Herbert Spencer and 
his followers. Pinker takes some pains to show that Spencer's thinking about 
evolution was not Darwinian, but was very much Lamarckian. He also emphasizes 
that Spencer's thought was basically libertarian in character and that Spencer 
was an opponent of imperialism and eugenics. Hence, in Pinker's view, it's 
illegitimate to tie social Darwinism with other right-wing ideas .

What Pinker's discussion ignores is that there were indeed other forms of 
social Darwinism around in the late 19th and early 20th centuries besides 
Spencer's and that were nearly as popular and influential. The German biologist 
Ernst Haeckel, the man who introduced and popularized Darwinism in Germany, was 
also the proponent of his own brand of social Darwinism. And his variety of 
social Darwinism was indeed less individualistic than Spencer's, placing 
emphasis on the struggle for existence between competing nations and races. 
Haeckel was politically an avid supporter of Otto von Bismarck. He was himself 
a staunch German nationalist and he attempted to use his work in evolutionary 
biology to lend support to his own political beliefs including his embracing of 
"scientific racism." Pinker says nothing at all about Haeckel. His name does 
not even appear in the book's index.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel

And yes, if anybody wondered, Pinker is an apologist for capitalism. 
(https://tinyurl.com/s6veyqc). Much of Pinker's capitalist apologetics in 
Enlightenment Now, was derived from Pinker's reading of Friedrich Hayek, except 
that Pinker, who identifies himself as a supporter of the center-left, is more 
supportive of government providing a strong social safety net than was Hayek. 
Many of the flaws in Pinker's accounts of how capitalism is responsible for the 
progress that has been made over the past couple of centuries can be found in 
Hayek, when he wrote on economic history, and from whom Pinker drew upon.

As I also noted a couple of years ago,. Yoram Hazony professes to respect and 
admire Steven Pinker but doesn't have much use for the Enlightenment. 
(https://tinyurl.com/v3qjvv9) I would disagree with Hazony in terms of 
classifying David Hume and Adam Smith as "critics of the Enlightenment." Both 
men were central figures in the Scottish Enlightenment. They were "critics of 
the Enlightenment" in the same sense that all the Enlightenment thinkers can be 
said to have been "critics of the Enlightenment." They all criticized each 
other. Yoram Hazony makes the same sort of error that Steven Pinker does in his 
book, Enlightenment Now, namely, he treats the Enlightenment as a monolith and 
fails to see that it was full of contradictions.

BTW Hume and Smith were close personal and intellectual friends. It was Hume 
who encouraged Smith to devote his academic career to the development of a 
"science of man." The notion of a science of man had been much bandied about by 
other Enlightenment thinkers too, like Rousseau and Kant. Hume himself 

Re: [Marxism] A Surprising Role Model Emerges for Boris Johnson: F.D.R .

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This would seem tp be a throwback to the pre-Thatcher Conservative Party which 
had embraced the post-WW II social democratic consensus and which was often 
openly racist oo.

Jim Farmelant
http://independent.academia.edu/JimFarmelant
http://www.foxymath.com 
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-- Original Message --
From: Louis Proyect via Marxism 
Subject: [Marxism] A Surprising Role Model Emerges for Boris Johnson: F.D.R.
Date: Tue, 30 Jun 2020 09:31:04 -0400


(Why so surprising? Both are racist.)

NY Times, June 30, 2020
A Surprising Role Model Emerges for Boris Johnson: F.D.R.
By Mark Landler and Stephen Castle



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Re: [Marxism] After Weeks Of Anticipation, Trump Rally Crowd Underwhel ms | HuffPost

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One would have thought that an old showman like Trump would have made a point 
of dampening now expectations prior to that event. Then, afterwards, regardless 
of the actual turnout he could have spun it as a spectacular triumph. Instead, 
he did the very opposite.


Jim Farmelant
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https://www.huffpost.com/entry/trump-tulsa-oklahoma-rally_n_5eee95adc5b6aac5f3a45f37

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[Marxism] We Had to Tear This Mothafucka Up: The Legacy of the L.A. Uprising - D oug Greene & Shalon van Tine

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The mass demonstrations that have erupted since the police murdered George 
Floyd echo the fierce militancy and revolutionary art of the 1992 Los Angeles 
Uprising. While the rebellion was quickly suppressed, its legacy offers lessons 
and hope for the present wave of protests that are fighting back against police 
violence.


https://tinyurl.com/y8nwwdyj

Jim Farmelant
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[Marxism] From a forthcoming article on socialist economic planning

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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>From a rough draft of a forthcoming article on socialist economic planning 
>being written with Djamil Lakhdar-Hamina  and Brendan Sullivan.
--
Visions of Socialism:

One of the most striking phenomena in US politics since the 2008 economic crash 
has been a revival of interest in socialism, especially among the Millennial 
generation. In fact, you would have to go back some eighty or more years ago to 
see a time when there was such a big interest in socialism. Even in the 1960’s, 
the last period when we saw the flourishing of major leftist political 
movements , there wasn’t so much a mass interest in socialism as much as there 
were movements led by people who identified as socialists or communists. Most 
public discussion then was over things like civil rights, black power, and 
opposition to the Vietnam War. There wasn’t that much talk as to what a 
socialist alternative to capitalism would look like, even though many political 
activists back then would have described themselves as being anti-capitalist.

It must be said that up to now, things haven’t seemed all that different. As 
much as half of the Millennial generation, according to recent opinion polls, 
seems willing to identify as socialists. Yet, it is not at all clear as to what 
they mean by that term. Do they mean an economic order where the means of 
production are owned by workers and their use is the product of democratic 
deliberation, as Marx stated “a community of associated producer” (the classic 
definition)? Or do they mean a more humane capitalism with a more generous 
welfare state - more or less like what exists (and is being meticulously 
disassembled) in the Scandinavian countries?

Right now, a major candidate in the race to become the Democratic Party’s 
presidential nominee in 2020, Bernie Sanders, calls himself a socialist. But 
what does he mean by that? It would seem that for him, socialism is basically 
just the liberalism of FDR and Truman, something that he has reiterated time 
and time again in his speeches. So is socialism nothing more than a revival of 
the liberal reformism of FDR, or God forbid, JFK? For many, that is perhaps all 
they mean by the term. A matter of pouring old wine into new bottles, while 
sticking on somewhat misleading labels.

Having said that, it is evident that many people are seeking something more 
radical than that. In the face of the environmental threats being posed by 
climate change, not to speak of the ever increasingly growth of economic 
inequality, reaction, racism and sexism, it doesn’t seem that a revival of 
FDR’s liberalism is a panacea. In other words, it doesn’t seem to be enough to 
just seek a reformed capitalism. That has been tried before, and we have seen 
that while in the short and medium run, capitalists can acquiesce when reforms 
are legislated, they will, over the long run, seek to gut and overturn them. 
This is the confirmed history of social democratic reforms, a history that has 
played out in the US and most other industrial countries over the last 50 years.

So, what is to be done? It is clear that at least a sizable minority of the 
people who now identify as socialists are in fact seeking a new economic order 
to replace capitalism outright. This entails that working people will actually 
own the means of production and the market economy that we have now will be 
replaced by a planned economy.



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[Marxism] Fwd: MMT, Chartalism, and Keynesianism

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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-- Forwarded Message --
From: Nathan Tankus 
To: farmela...@juno.com
Subject: Fwd: [Marxism] MMT, Chartalism, and Keynesianism
Date: Tue, 21 Apr 2020 22:34:03 -0400



Hi Jim, 

long time. My reply on Marxmail didn't make it on list. any chance you could 
forward it along? 

Thank you
-- Forwarded message -
From: Nathan Tankus 
Date: Tue, Apr 21, 2020 at 8:59 PM
Subject: Re: [Marxism] MMT, Chartalism, and Keynesianism
To: 

Hi Everyone,

Just wanted to drop by and say that

"As I began reading Yves Smith's blog and spending some time with her and 
Nathan, it occurred to me at some point that they had zero interest in the 
global South or what is sometimes called "development economics"."

Is wildly offensive and completely made up. I look forward to an apology.

I gave a talk at the University of Manchester on the topic 2 years ago entitled 
"Monetary Sovereigns, Monetary Subjects and Monetary Vassals: A Spectrum 
Approach to Monetary Sovereignty and Our Dollar World"

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xZnEDrVfcHU

My organization organizes the MMT conferences, which last year had a keynote on 
Imperialism in Africa (especially Francophone Africa) by  "Programme and 
Research Officer at the Rosa Luxemburg Foundation Office for West Africa" 
Professor Ndongo Samba Sylla. 

For what it's worth, In my presentation on the Green New Deal at that 
conference I attacked conditioning access to swap lines on "capital openness" 
and suggested that using swap lines to support green new deals in foreign 
countries was a tool of a left wing foreign policy if leftists ever gained 
power here (obviously this was a reference to Bernie)

https://mmtconference.org/slides/tankus.pptx

Following up on that I published an Op Ed at the same time explicitly attacking 
Warren for her nationalistic Green New Deal proposals and proposing that all 
associated GND technology be copyrighted in such a way that they could be 
accessed globally at no monetary cost, with the only limitation being that 
others couldn't modify the intellectual property and sell it to others for 
money.

"We can already see this risk unfolding in real time, as politicians like Sen. 
Elizabeth Warren drive the equity stake approach into explicitly nationalistic 
territory. While Warren is better on the Green New Deal than many candidates, 
her GND proposals articulate the need for US firms to "be the leaders and the 
owners" of the "$23 trillion market coming for green products." If her vision 
were to come true, US-based multinationals would continue to hoard intellectual 
property and keep species-saving research to themselves.

We contend that decarbonization technology is too important to humanity to hide 
it behind US patents and trade secrets. To confront the crisis equitably and 
efficiently, we should publicly fund technological development and share the 
research with the world free. The GND should usher in a global ecological 
commons, not more profit-centric competitions over "scarce resources." 
https://www.businessinsider.com/green-new-deal-climate-change-government-spending-no-private-money-2019-9

My organization is also of course close to Fadhel Kaboub and fully support his 
work (here's one of my organization's podcasts with him, hosted at Monthly 
Review).
https://mronline.org/2018/07/07/the-new-postcolonial-economics-with-fadhel-kaboub/

I also personally organized a session on Monetary Sovereignty and International 
Law, the first such panel I'm aware of.
https://twitter.com/NathanTankus/status/1135924189687402496

Just in the past couple weeks I've written about swap lines

https://nathantankus.substack.com/p/the-federal-reserves-coronavirus-054

and made a proposal for the C6 to give the IMF swap lines in order to 
facilitate distributing as many SDRs as needed to every IMF member (which of 
course is something that people would need to demand, it would never happen on 
its own, despite being adopted in a letter signed by former world leaders

https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/a-letter-to-g20-governments-by-erik-berglof-et-al-2020-04
 )
 https://nathantankus.substack.com/p/listen-fed-the-imf-needs-access-to

I also have multiple papers in this area that have yet to come out. 

Sorry for the information dump but you can see based on what I've been working 
on for years why that claim is not only not true but laughably contrary to 
reality. You can claim I'm far too focused on policy, but no one can reasonably 
claim that I don't care about the global south or am not 

[Marxism] Episode 13: The Revolution Continues with the Revolutionary Historian Doug Greene

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https://tinyurl.com/seltuaq


Jim Farmelant
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[Marxism] Have a happy December 25

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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In just a few hours, the world will pause on the birthday of one of
history's greatest men, whose teachings continue to benefit the entire
human race, let us join in toasting the memory of Sir Isaac Newton,
and of all the giants on whose shoulders he stood.


Jim Farmelant
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Re: [Marxism] Stephen Pinker�s Pollyannish Philosophy and Its Perfidio us Politics

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I have had a number of beefs with Pinker over his book Enlightenment Now, which 
I think is quite overrated in the humanist community. I also have taken issue 
with Pinker for his habit of misrepresenting the ideas of thinkers that he 
disagrees with. One example of that was he utter distortion of B. F. Skinner's 
ideas in The Blank Slate. Another bad habit of his is failure to give due 
credit to thinkers from the past, on whose work he has drawn upon. Over a dozen 
years ago, I attended a talk by Pinker on the evolutionary psychology of 
religion. In that talk, Pinker made the case that religion acts to promote 
social cohesion by among other things demarcating the boundaries between 
different social groups. So far, so good, but Pinker neglected to mention that 
the French sociologist, Emile Durkheim, had made that very same argument more 
than a century ago. A person could have easily walked away from the talk with 
the impression that this was all Pinker's own thinking.

And don't get me started about Pinker and Marxism. Pinker knows next to nothing 
about Marxism, has no interest in learning about it, but thinks himself to be 
eminently qualified to pontificate about it, nevertheless.


Here is another comment that I made about Enlightenment Now in a FB group 
disucssion back in 2018:

I have been reading Pinker's discussion of social Darwinism and I found it a 
bit unsatisfactory. Pinker complains that the term is too widely used such that 
it has become meaningless. He seems to blame Richard Hofstadter's book, Social 
Darwinism in American Thought, 1860–1915 for this. He also pins blame on 
Stephen Jay Gould as well. Pinker seems to think that the only genuine form of 
social Darwinism was the kind that stemmed from the work of Herbert Spencer and 
his followers. Pinker takes some pains to show that Spencer's thinking about 
evolution was not Darwinian, but was very much Lamarckian. He also emphasizes 
that Spencer's thought was basically libertarian in character and that Spencer 
was an opponent of imperialism and eugenics. Hence, in Pinker's view, it's 
illegitimate to tie social Darwinism with other right-wing ideas .

What Pinker's discussion ignores is that there were indeed other forms of 
social Darwinism around in the late 19th and early 20th centuries besides 
Spencer's. The German biologist Ernst Haeckel, the man who introduced and 
popularized Darwinism in Germany, was also the proponent of his own brand of 
social Darwinism. And his variety of social Darwinism was indeed less 
individualistic than Spencer's, placing emphasis of the struggle for existence 
between competing nations and races. Haeckel was politically an avid supporter 
of Otto von Bismarck. He was himself a staunch German nationalist and he 
attempted to use his work in evolutionary biology to lend support to his 
political beliefs including his embracing of "scientific racism." Pinker says 
nothing at all about Haeckel. His name does not even appear in the book's index.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel

And yes, if anybody wondered, Pinker is an apologist for capitalism. 
(https://tinyurl.com/s6veyqc).

 Much of Pinker's capitalist apologetics in Enlightenment Now, is derived from 
Pinker's reading of Friedrich Hayek, except that Pinker, who identifies himself 
as a supporter of the center-left, is more supportive of government providing a 
strong social safety net than was Hayek. Many of the flaws in Pinker's accounts 
of how capitalism is responsible for the progress that has been made over the 
past couple of centuries can be found in Hayek, when he wrote on economic 
history.

As I also noted last year. Yoram Hazony professes to respect and admire Steven 
Pinker but doesn't have much use for the Enlightenment. 
(https://tinyurl.com/v3qjvv9)

 I would disagree with Hazony in terms of classifying David Hume and Adam Smith 
as "critics of the Enlightenment." Both men were central figures in the 
Scottish Enlightenment. They were "critics of the Enlightenment" in the same 
sense that all the Enlightenment thinkers can be said to have been "critics of 
the Enlightenment." They all criticized each other. Yoram Hazony makes the same 
sort of error that Steven Pinker does in his book, Enlightenment Now, namely, 
he treats the Enlightenment as a monolith and fails to see that it was full of 
contradictions.

BTW Hume and Smith were close personal and intellectual friends. It was Hume 
who encouraged Smith to devote his academic career to the development of a 
"science of man." The notion of a science of man had been much bandied about by 
other Enlightenment thinkers too, like Rousseau and Kant. 

A Fight on Two Fronts: On Jean-Luc Godard�s La Chinoise - Doug Enaa Gr eene and Shalon van Tine

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Re: [Marxism] Quantum Experiment

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Ever since quantum mechanics began, there have been many physicists and others 
who have insisted on interpreting the results of quantum experiments as 
supporting idealist interpretations of the theory. In the West, most people 
seemed to have been perfectly happy with that outcome because the rejection of 
materialism supported the prevailing political ideologies. In the Soviet Union, 
quantum mechanics  (along with relativity) struggled for some years to gain 
acceptance there precisely because so many Soviet physicists and philosophers 
also interpreted the theory in idealist terms.

More about that here:

www.quora.com/Does-quantum-mechanics-disprove-materialism/answer/Jim-Farmelant 



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-- Original Message --
From: John Edmundson via Marxism 
Subject: Re: [Marxism] Quantum Experiment
Date: Sun, 17 Nov 2019 09:47:13 +1300


It;s ironic that the outcome of this would be to objectively prove the
subjectivity of science :-)

Cheers,
John

On Sun, Nov 17, 2019 at 4:53 AM Louis Proyect via Marxism <
marxism@lists.csbs.utah.edu> wrote:

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>
> On 11/16/19 10:19 AM, Marla Vijaya kumar via Marxism wrote:
> >
> > Louis,The subject is extremely interesting and I am working
> on the philosophical aspect of it.
> > But unfortunately, it requires subscription.
> > Can you post the text?
> > Vijaya Kumar M
>
> Vijaya, this was from Alternet, which does not have paywalls. In any case:
>
> Quantum physics: our study suggests objective reality doesn’t exist
> November 14, 2019 7.40am EST
>
> Authors
> Alessandro Fedrizzi
> Professor of Quantum Physics, Heriot-Watt University
>
> Massimiliano Proietti
> PhD Candidate of Quantum Physics, Heriot-Watt University
>
> Alternative facts are spreading like a virus across society. Now it
> seems they have even infected science – at least the quantum realm. This
> may seem counter intuitive. The scientific method is after all founded
> on the reliable notions of observation, measurement and repeatability. A
> fact, as established by a measurement, should be objective, such that
> all observers can agree with it.
>
> But in a paper recently published in Science Advances, we show that, in
> the micro-world of atoms and particles that is governed by the strange
> rules of quantum mechanics, two different observers are entitled to
> their own facts. In other words, according to our best theory of the
> building blocks of nature itself, facts can actually be subjective.
>
> Observers are powerful players in the quantum world. According to the
> theory, particles can be in several places or states at once – this is
> called a superposition. But oddly, this is only the case when they
> aren’t observed. The second you observe a quantum system, it picks a
> specific location or state – breaking the superposition. The fact that
> nature behaves this way has been proven multiple times in the lab – for
> example, in the famous double slit experiment (see video below).
>
>
> In 1961, physicist Eugene Wigner proposed a provocative thought
> experiment. He questioned what would happen when applying quantum
> mechanics to an observer that is themselves being observed. Imagine that
> a friend of Wigner tosses a quantum coin – which is in a superposition
> of both heads and tails – inside a closed laboratory. Every time the
> friend tosses the coin, they observe a definite outcome. We can say that
> Wigner’s friend establishes a fact: the result of the coin toss is
> definitely head or tail.
>
> Wigner doesn’t have access to this fact from the outside, and according
> to quantum mechanics, must describe the friend and the coin to be in a
> superposition of all possible outcomes of the experiment. That’s because
> they are “entangled” – spookily connected so that if you manipulate one
> you also manipulate the other. Wigner can now in principle verify this
> superposition using a so-called “interference experiment” – a type of
> quantum measurement that allows you to unravel the superposition of an
> entire system, confirming that two objects are entangled.
>
> When Wigner and the friend compare notes later on, the friend will
> insist they saw definite outcomes for each coin toss. Wigner, however,
> will disagree 

[Marxism] Revolutionary Reels: Soviet Propaganda Film and the Russian Revolution

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Shalon Van Tine provides an overview of Soviet Film and its development in 
relation to the politics of the USSR and Bolshevik Revolution. 

The Rise of Soviet Film

In 1896, the Lumière brothers visited Saint Petersburg to present their 
collection of moving pictures to a small Russian audience, marking the first 
viewing of film in Russia.1 The first film to be made in Russia was during the 
same year: a filming of the coronation of what would be Russia’s last monarch, 
Tsar Nicholas II.2 It would take nearly a decade for Russia to have its own 
film studio, and the advent of World War I slowed the influx of foreign cinema, 
leaving Russia to launch its own film industry instead of relying predominantly 
on foreign film distributors.3 Once established, Russia’s film industry grew, 
and, by 1914, about half of Russia’s urban population regularly attended the 
movies.4 

However, the Bolsheviks would revolutionize Russian cinema as leaders 
recognized the potential of film propaganda as a way to influence the political 
and social attitudes of the people.5 Vladimir Lenin clearly understood the 
power of film, as he stated, “Of all the arts, for us, cinema is most 
important.”6 The Bolsheviks nationalized the film industry in 1919, giving the 
People’s Commissariat for Education control over film production, with a 
mandate to use cinema to promote the Communist cause at home and abroad.

(continued at:  https://tinyurl.com/yfvxl459


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[Marxism] Interview with Doug Enaa Greene on Blanqui

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THE BROTHERWISE DISPATCH vs. Doug Enaa Greene

https://tinyurl.com/y3kgcyvz


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Re: [Marxism] Tim Wohlforth

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I have been told the following offlist
:
--
I saw some of your posts on Marxmail about Tim Wohlforth and wanted to correct 
a minor point, one erroneously being promoted by wikipedia: he was never a 
member of the Socialist Youth League.

The Socialist Youth League merged with a group of dissident Young Socialists 
(formerly YPSL) like Bogdan Denitch and Mike Harrington in February 1954 to 
launch the Young Socialist League. Afterwards Scott Arden and Bogdan Denitch 
went on a cross-country tour to promote it, visiting Oberlin College where Tim 
Wohlforth and his wife Martha went to school and recruited them in March. So he 
was a member of the YSL, but not the SYL; joining only after the merger."
---


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-- Original Message --
From: Matt Kelly via Marxism 
Subject: Re: [Marxism] Tim Wohlforth
Date: Sat, 28 Sep 2019 10:01:42 +0300

*

Jim Farmelant says:

That obit says that he was a member of the DSA when he was young. I don't think 
so, since the DSA didn't exist back then. More likely he was a member of the  
Socialist Youth League, which was the youth arm of Max Shachtman's Independent 
Socialist League.

Jim is correct. He was a member of the Shachtman youth organisation then a 
member of the SWP youth organisation, organising the Revolutionary Tendency 
(Wohlforth, Mage & Robertson). This was expelled and organised themselves as an 
external tendency for a number of years before talks with Healy’s group in 
England started.

As with anything touching on Healyism, Wohlforthism & Spartacicm, there is 
copious documentation for those with plenty of time on their hands!

Matt.
---
'In the name of God and of the dead generations from which she receives her old 
tradition of nationhood, Ireland, through us, summons her children to her flag 
and strikes for her freedom.' Proclamation of Independence, 1916.

'The tradition of all the dead generations weighs like a nightmare on the brain 
of the living.' Karl Marx, 1852.

a.marx...@gmail.com




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Re: [Marxism] Tim Wohlforth

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That obit says that he was a member of the DSA when he was young. I don't think 
so, since the DSA didn't exist back then. More likely he was a member of the  
Socialist Youth League, which was the youth arm of Max Shachtman's Independent 
Socialist League.


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-- Original Message --
From: Matt Kelly via Marxism 
Subject: [Marxism] Tim Wohlforth
Date: Fri, 27 Sep 2019 11:06:05 +0300



First James Robertson, now Tim Wohlforth

http://s3.amazonaws.com/ipublishmedia.rosebudmedia/preview/W00123860/W00123860%20pdf%20preview.pdf
 


Matt.
---
'In the name of God and of the dead generations from which she receives her old 
tradition of nationhood, Ireland, through us, summons her children to her flag 
and strikes for her freedom.' Proclamation of Independence, 1916.

'The tradition of all the dead generations weighs like a nightmare on the brain 
of the living.' Karl Marx, 1852.

a.marx...@gmail.com




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Re: [Marxism] Karl Marx: Prophet of the Present

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I have read that book. The most interesting parts of the book are those that 
discuss Marx's Jewish background. Avineri does provide interesting information 
concerning the Jewish community in Trier. The weakest aspect of the book, is 
that Avineri, much like in his earlier book, from a half century ago, The 
Social & Political Thought of Karl Marx, insists on presenting Marx as being 
much like a contemporary European social democrat. In contrast with the 
revisionist, Eduard Bernstein (who had been a protege of Friedrich Engels),  
Avineri has never seemed to grasp that Marx had a Bolshevik streak to him, as 
Bernstein once confessed to Sidney Hook.

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-- Original Message --
From: Louis Proyect via Marxism 
Subject: [Marxism] Karl Marx: Prophet of the Present
Date: Sun, 8 Sep 2019 13:46:16 -0400



(A FYI, not a recommendation.)

NY Times Sunday Book Review, September 8, 2019
Karl Marx: Prophet of the Present
By James Miller

KARL MARX
Philosophy and Revolution
By Shlomo Avineri
217 pp. Yale University Press. $26.



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Doug Enaa Greene and Shalon van Tine, A Fight on Two Fronts: On Jean-L uc Godard�s La Chinoise

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Jean-Luc Godard’s La Chinoise (1967) is not an ordinary film. On the surface, 
La Chinoise seems simple enough: it tells the story of French students in the 
1960s who form a Maoist collective, live together, have political discussions, 
and eventually turn to revolutionary violence. However, the film is difficult 
to follow since it not only lacks a coherent narrative structure, but the 
viewer is bombarded with slogans, images, and ideas on everything from popular 
culture to revolutionary politics. Anyone who attempts to analyze their meaning 
will easily feel buried by all the sights and sounds that Godard packs into it. 
Considering the chaotic nature of La Chinoise, the slogan found at the 
beginning — “We should replace vague ideas with clear images” — may well appear 
out of place, if not ironic.

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[Marxism] Sidney Hook, Towards the Understanding of Karl Marx

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The text of the classic 1933 book by the philosopher Sidney Hook is now 
available online at the Marxists Internet Archive.

https://tinyurl.com/yyx6pvpy

The text was scanned by Paul Flewers.



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[Marxism] Goug Greene on The Democratic Socialist Cul-de-sac: A Critical Look at The Socialist Manifesto

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Writing in the preface to the 1888 English edition of the Communist Manifesto, 
Frederick Engels explained why he and Marx did not call their pamphlet the 
“Socialist Manifesto.” According to Engels, socialism was identified with 
utopian dreamers and reformers “who wanted to eliminate social abuses through 
their various universal panaceas and all kinds of patch-work, without hurting 
capital and profit in the least.” In contrast to socialists, communists were 
considered dangerous to the ruling class since they stood for working-class 
revolution and the “radical reconstruction of society” that would end all 
exploitation and oppression. In other words, Marx and Engels were completely 
justified in shying away from this “socialism.” Perhaps not realizing this, 
Bhaskar Sunkara, founder and editor of Jacobin Magazine and a prominent member 
of the Democratic Socialists of America (DSA), has written The Socialist 
Manifesto as a primer on the history of socialism and how we can achieve it 
today.


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Re: [Marxism] NY Review of Books

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How Republicans Became Anti-Choice
Sue Halpern NOVEMBER 8, 2018 ISSUE
Reversing Roe
a documentary film directed and produced by Ricki Stern and Annie Sundberg



It is impossible to understand American politics of the past half-century 
without taking abortion into account. The Brett Kavanaugh charade most 
recently, the machinations of the Republican Party more generally, and the 
infectious fundamentalism creeping into everyday life: all begin with abortion. 
Other issues may have been as divisive—civil rights comes to mind—but none has 
been as definitional. These days, the litmus test for Republicans running for 
political office or nominated to the judiciary is opposition to abortion. On 
the Democratic side, it is almost equally crucial to be pro-choice. Yet as the 
Netflix documentary Reversing Roe ably shows, this was not always the case.

Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court decision establishing a woman’s constitutional 
right to terminate a pregnancy for any reason in the first two trimesters, and 
in the third trimester under certain circumstances, was issued in 1973. Seven 
justices affirmed the decision, with Harry Blackmun, a Nixon appointee, writing 
for the majority. If that seems strange to us now—a conservative justice on a 
conservative court invoking a right to privacy on behalf of women—it is because 
the alliance between the Right to Life movement and the right wing appears to 
us to be so close as to be preordained. But in the late 1960s and early 1970s, 
many Republicans were behind efforts to liberalize and even decriminalize 
abortion; theirs was the party of reproductive choice, while Democrats, with 
their large Catholic constituency, were the opposition.

Republican governor Ronald Reagan signed the California Therapeutic Abortion 
Act, one of the most liberal abortion laws in the country, in 1967, legalizing 
abortion for women whose mental or physical health would be impaired by 
pregnancy, or whose pregnancies were the result of rape or incest. The same 
year, the Republican strongholds of North Carolina and Colorado made it easier 
for women to obtain abortions. New York, under Governor Nelson Rockefeller, a 
Republican, eliminated all restrictions on women seeking to terminate 
pregnancies up to twenty-four weeks gestation. (Reversing Roe shows young women 
in Dallas boarding airplanes headed to these states.) Richard Nixon, Barry 
Goldwater, Gerald Ford, and George H.W. Bush were all pro-choice, and they were 
not party outliers. In 1972, a Gallup poll found that 68 percent of Republicans 
believed abortion to be a private matter between a woman and her doctor. The 
government, they said, should not be involved.

Perhaps more surprisingly, the right to abortion was forcefully supported and 
advanced by the Protestant clergy. The Clergy Consultation Service on Abortion 
(CCSA), which was established in 1967, not only counseled pregnant women about 
their choices, it enlisted physicians to perform abortions. One of these, who 
is featured in the film, was Dr. Curtis Boyd, a gynecologist and Baptist 
minister now in his eighties. He began his practice in Texas at the behest of 
the CCSA in 1968, fully aware that he was breaking the law. “Our role is to 
help [a woman] make a decision in the grace of God that she can live with,” 
Boyd told the Santa Fe Reporter and NM Political Report last year. He reckons 
he is the oldest abortion provider in the country. After the Roe decision, the 
CCSA opened the first legal abortion clinic in the United States, in New York 
City.

Roe v. Wade originated in Texas. (The named defendant, Henry Wade, was the 
Dallas district attorney at the time.) In the years after the Supreme Court 
decision, women were able to obtain abortion services at forty-one clinics 
across the state. Today that number is down to twenty-two, with clinics so far 
apart that some women have to travel three hundred miles to reach one. In ten 
Texas cities with more than 50,000 residents, there isn’t a single abortion 
clinic. In the country as a whole, 162 abortion clinics or medical facilities 
that perform abortions have closed since 2011.

So what changed? Why did those pro-choice Republicans repudiate their support 
for a woman’s right to choose? Why did the 1976 Republican platform support 
“the efforts” of those calling for a constitutional amendment to protect the 
“right to life” of the unborn? Why is it, as John Seago, the legislative 
director of Texas Right to Life, tells the filmmakers, that anyone running for 
any office in his state must declare their opposition to abortion if they hope 
to be elected? How is it that between 2011 and 2014, 

[Marxism] Mike Beggs on The Keynesian Counterrevolution

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What is it about capitalism that makes Keynesianism a horizon even would-be 
revolutionaries have trouble seeing past?

Marx lived long enough to declare himself “not a Marxist.” Keynes was not so 
lucky. Followers would make the distinction between “Keynesian economics” and 
“the economics of Keynes.” But by then the word had well and truly transcended 
the man. A name does not become an “ism” by genius alone. The work has to catch 
and ride a historical wave, and much of it never gets picked up, while what 
does get picked up starts growing new associations. “Keynesianism” has come to 
stand in for deficit spending, regulation, and the welfare state — three things 
the General Theory barely mentions, if at all.

Geoff Mann is well aware of the distinctions between Keynes the man, his work, 
and “Keynesianism.” But his book on Keynesianism, In the Long Run We Are All 
Dead, is quite deliberately more about the “ism” than the man. For Mann, Keynes 
is not even the originator of Keynesianism: that would be Hegel — “if not the 
first Keynesian, then his closest previous incarnation” — and we get several 
chapters
on Hegel before the focus shifts to Keynes himself. Mann’s Keynesianism is a 
perennial of modernity; Keynes was simply one of its most able articulators, 
which is why we came to know it by his name. Keynes himself appears in the book 
as a political philosopher who happened to be an economist, though it is no 
accident that the great political philosophies of capitalist society would be 
full of economics.


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Re: [Marxism] Keynes: socialist, liberal or conservative? | Michael Ro berts Blog

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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To my knowledge, Keynes was never a radical socialist. I think Michael Roberts 
is correct in characterizing him as having been a supporter of a managed 
capitalism.

Keynes's disciples on the other hand, have been all over the lot politically. 
Joan Robinson was very much a socialist. And in the 1960's she had even been 
supportive of the Cultural Revolution in China. Other Keynesians have been much 
more conservative politically.  Arthur Burns, who served under both the 
Eisenhower and the Nixon Administrations was an example of a Keynesian 
economist who was of decidedly conservative political leanings. Most Keynesians 
have, however, usually been center-left in their politics.


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-- Original Message --
From: Michael Meeropol via Marxism 
Subject: Re: [Marxism] Keynes: socialist, liberal or conservative? | Michael 
Roberts Blog
Date: Wed, 5 Jun 2019 08:50:57 -0400

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I think Keynes over the course of his life validated the old Walt Whitman
line:

"Do I contradict myself?   So, I contradict myself!!  I am vast.  I contain
multitudes!!!"

(don't even know if I got the quote right --- but I have the essence.
Keynes as many things all wound up into one --- Joan Robinson always
claimed that Keynes was not a radical socialist --- and she knew him well!!)
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[Marxism] Michael Harrington and his afterlives

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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Michael Harrington (1928-1989) was the most important advocate for democratic 
socialism in the United States in the latter half of the twentieth century. He 
is widely, and deservedly, recognized for writing The Other America, a seminal 
expose of poverty in the United States. However, Michael Harrington was not 
simply a public intellectual but a political activist who developed a vision to 
make democratic socialism into a major force in American life. His strategy was 
to realign the Democratic Party by driving out the business interests and 
transform it into a social democratic party. This new party of the people would 
then not only represent the interests of the vast majority and pass genuine 
reforms, but begin the transition to democratic socialism. Michael Harrington's 
politics and vision have outlived him and they remain the "common sense" of 
much of the American left, shaping debates in the organization he founded, the 
Democratic Socialists of America (DSA).
(more at:  
https://mronline.org/2019/05/29/michael-harrington-and-his-afterlives/)



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Re: [Marxism] J.A. Hobson's Imperialism in the news

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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The first thing that can be said about John Hobson was that he did articulate 
antisemitic sentiments, but mostly in his earlier writings, particularly in his 
writings about the Boer War, which he seemed to blame on the machinations of 
Jewish financiers. Having said that, that sort of antisemitic conspiracy 
mongering is largely absent from Imperialism: A Study.


In the case of Imperialism: A Study, there is one passage where he does make 
one oblique reference to Jews:

"If the special interest of the investor is liable to clash with the public 
interest and to induce a wrecking policy, still more dangerous is the special 
interest of the financier, the general dealer in investments. In large measure 
the rank and the of the investors are, both for business and for politics, the 
cat’s-paws of the great financial houses, who use stocks and shares not so much 
as investments to yield them interest, but as material for speculation in the 
money market. In handling large masses of stocks and shares, in floating 
companies, in manipulating fluctuations of values, the magnates of the Bourse 
find their gain. These great businesses – banking, broking, bill discounting, 
loan floating, company promoting – form the central ganglion of international 
capitalism. United by the strongest bonds of organisation, always in closest 
and quickest touch with one another, situated in the very heart of the business 
capital of every State, controlled, so far as Europe is concerned, chiefly by 
men of a single and peculiar race, who have behind them many centuries of 
financial experience, they are in a unique position to control the policy of 
nations. No great quick direction of capital is possible save by their consent 
and through their agency. Does any one seriously suppose that a great war could 
be undertaken by any European State, or a great State loan subscribed, if the 
house of Rothschild and its connections set their face against it?"

And that's about it.

A couple of paragraphs later, Hobson writes:

"The public financial arrangements for the Philippine war put several millions 
of dollars into the pockets of Mr. Pierpont Morgan and his friends; the 
China-Japan war, which saddled the Celestial Empire for the first time with a 
public debt, and the indemnity which she will pay to her European invaders in 
connection with the recent conflict, bring grist to the financial mills in 
Europe; every railway or mining concession wrung from some reluctant foreign 
potentate means profitable business in raising capital and floating companies. 
A policy which rouses fears of aggression in Asiatic states, and which fans the 
rivalry of commercial nations in Europe, evokes vast expenditure on armaments, 
and ever-accumulating public debts, while the doubts and risks accruing from 
this policy promote that constant oscillation of values of securities which is 
so profitable to the skilled financier. "


Apparently, Daniel Finkelstein in his London Times column, "Corbyn’s praise for 
deeply antisemitic book" got a little confused because he cited a part of the 
above mentioned paragraphs in support of his claim that the Imperialism book 
was presenting an antisemitic argument. But to my knowledge, J. P. Morgan was 
not Jewish and I doubt that very many of his friends were Jews either.



""

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-- Original Message --
From: Rebecca Ruth Gould via Marxism 
To: Jim Farmelant 
Subject: [Marxism] J.A. Hobson's Imperialism in the news
Date: Sat, 4 May 2019 22:20:18 +0100

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I'm not sure if list members will have seen this controversy linked to
Corbyn and his foreword to Hobson's *Imperialism*, but since the book has
been mentioned on the list before perhaps it will be of interest.

one report (lots out there but this seems the most objective):
https://www.ft.com/content/ac5670ec-6c2f-11e9-80c7-60ee53e6681d

Corbyn's forward:
http://spokesmanbooks.blogspot.com/2015/11/jeremy-corbyn-internationalist-at-work.html?m=1

Exchange between Corbyn and the Board of Jewish Deputies:
https://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/jeremy-corbyn-claims-i-endorsed-book-s-antisemitic-content-are-politically-motivated-1.483756

An interesting exchange of letters regarding Hobson from two historians:

Re: [Marxism] Happy anniversary

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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At age 21, this list is old enough to go out and have a drink. In lieu of that, 
people may want to toast to the longevity of this list, which continues, unlike 
many other list which have fallen by the wayside. 


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-- Original Message --
From: Louis Proyect via Marxism 
TSubject: [Marxism] Happy anniversary
Date: Wed, 1 May 2019 08:23:08 -0400



The Marxism list was launched on May 1, 1998 and still going strong.


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Re: [Marxism] President Bernie Sanders?

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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Mark Lause wrote:

"If we want to learn from experience, we have to acknowledge that the
Democrats have not, in our lifetimes, ever nominated for president the most
progressive of their options.  Not once."


Well, that happened once within my lifetime, which was when they nominated 
George McGovern back in 1972.  McGovern was basically the Bernie of his day. In 
reality, he was well to the left of Bernie, especially on foreign policy 
issues. And what happened to McGovern after he got the nomination is, I think, 
instructive as to what the Democratic Party establishment will likely do if 
Bernie were to ever secure the party's nomination. Basically, the party 
establishment held back from full endorsement. Support from most of the leading 
figures in the party was tepid at most. And much of the party's establishment 
seemed to go out of its way to sabotage his candidacy, with the cooperation of 
the corporate media. For example, one of his domestic policy proposals was a 
guaranteed annual income, which was based on Milton Friedman's negative income 
tax idea. Actually, Nixon had a similar, but less generous version of the same 
idea too. But one would never have known any of this from the type of coverage 
that McGovern got in most of the mainstream media.

In the end, McGovern lost the election in a landslide, carrying just 
Massachusetts and DC. Probably no Democrat that year could have beaten Nixon, 
but the Democratic Party establishment and the corporate media went out their 
way to make sure that his defeat would be as devastating as possible.




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Re: [Marxism] a thought on Badiou on the Gilets Jaunes

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Badiou seems to have forgotten that back at the time of the May-June 1968 
events similar criticisms were made of both the student movement and of the 
workers who joined the general strike. After all, university students back then 
were, among other things, rejecting the proposed education reforms of de 
Gaulle's government which was trying to "modernize" French higher education.  
And the workers who went out on general strike had the temerity to go against 
the leadership of the PCF.

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-- Original Message --
From: Gary MacLennan via Marxism 
Subject: [Marxism] a thought on Badiou on the Gilets Jaunes
Date: Mon, 8 Apr 2019 11:23:13 +1000

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I am far from an expert on France or French politics and so was very
pleased to see Badiou's thoughts on that movement.  But I cannot say I
agree with his conclusions. I suspect that his characterisation of the
movement is fairly correct when it comes to their reactive nostalgic
nature. But to condemn them for not waving the red flag seems to me to be
highly sectarian. Whatever the nuances of their politics the fact is that
they are being brutalised each weekend by the State and that moves me to
sympathy at least.

Clearly they are a contradictory formation, but surely if one was in France
one would be supporting them at some level?

comradely

Gary



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Re: [Marxism] Pluralism in economics: mainstream, heterodox and Marxis t | Michael Roberts Blog

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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As I understand it, that was also Oskar Lange's position too. Like Robinson, he 
thought that Marx's concept of exploitation could be reconstructed without 
reference to the LTV. That thesis was also taken up by some of the Analytical 
Marxists, like John Roemer, who devoted some of his earlier work to the 
reconstruction of Marx's concept of exploitation. In the case of Roemer, he 
seems to have later concluded that exploitation was of less a concern than 
income distribution. I think that represented on his part a much greater breach 
with Marxian orthodoxy that his attempts at reconstructing the concept of 
exploitation.

I am reminded that a half-century ago, David Horowitz, as a Marxist, put out a 
couple of books dealing with Marxian and bourgeois economics.  The first book, 
Marx and Modern Economics, was published by MR Press.  It was a collection of 
essays from assorted economists, both Marxist and bourgeois, which explored the 
relationships between Marxian political economy and then contemporary 
mainstream economics. For Horowitz, the key to this perceived convergence was 
the work of John Maynard Keynes and his disciples, which on Horowitz's opinion, 
had brought mainstream economics much closer to Marxian economics. This view 
reflected the influence of people like Joan Robinson and Oskar Lange on his own 
thinking.

The second book was The Fate of Midas and Other Essays, was a a collection of 
essays, all by Horowitz, many of which were on the same theme as the first book 
mentioned above. In one of the essays, Horowitz discussed the economic ideas of 
Paul Sweezy, asserting that Paul Sweezy's economics did not require the LTV. 
Sweezy objected to this interpretation of his ideas, but I am not sure that 
Horowitz was wrong about that point.
 


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-- Original Message --
From: Michael Meeropol via Marxism 
Subject: Re: [Marxism] Pluralism in economics: mainstream, heterodox and 
Marxist | Michael Roberts Blog
Date: Sat, 6 Apr 2019 03:54:06 -0400


My view -- from Joan Robinson -- is you can have a rate of exploitation
without recourse to the labor theory of value -- the distribution of the
fruits of production (HOWEVER MEASURED -- which permits using only prices
and money wages) is based on struggle both at the point of production and
at thepoint of "realization" --- and that is what drives capitalism
forwards.  You don't need a "value theory" at all -- it just wastes time
and energy.

(I know -- this is me being a real "philistine" and revealing a lack of
real theoretical grounding --- but there you have it )

On Thu, Apr 4, 2019 at 7:44 AM Louis Proyect via Marxism <
marxism@lists.csbs.utah.edu> wrote:

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>
>
> https://thenextrecession.wordpress.com/2019/04/03/pluralism-in-economics-mainstream-heterodox-and-marxist/
> _



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Re: [Marxism] The Poisonous History of Neo-Classical Economics

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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 I think the author gets a lot of the history of economic thought wrong, 
especially the history of neoclassical economics, which has been around since 
the late 19th century, starting with the work of Jevons, Walras, Marshall, and 
Pareto. Some of these folk were reactionaries, like Pareto. But Walras was a 
socialist. And in the first half of the 20th century, many neoclassical 
economics leaned decidedly to the left. That's why someone like Oskar Lange 
could consider himself to be both a neoclassical economist and a Marxist at the 
same time.

 I certainly wouldn't consider Milton Friedman to be the founder of 
neoclassical economics. And to my knowledge, he never made such a claim for 
himself either. He did promote a variety of neoclassical economics, as a 
reaction to the Keynesian economics that was popular until the 1970's., which 
sought to revert back to the earlier days of neoclassical economics, prior to 
Keynes, although Friedman did acknowledge that Keynes had made some permanent 
contributions of macroeconomics.

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-- Original Message --
From: Louis Proyect via Marxism 
Subject: [Marxism] The Poisonous History of Neo-Classical Economics
Date: Tue, 26 Mar 2019 11:58:04 -0400

*

https://www.counterpunch.org/2019/03/26/the-poisonous-history-of-neo-classical-economics/



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Re: [Marxism] Yes, a Planned Economy Can Actually Work

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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I am not sure that is really Andrew Pollack's position but that notion was 
certainly widespread among many socialists in the late 19th and early 20th 
centuries. In another post, I mentioned some of Otto Neurath's notions 
concerning socialist economic planning and how he had been persuaded by his own 
experiences as an economic planner for the Austrian-Hungarian government during 
WW I of both the feasibility and desirability of socialist economic planning. 
Lenin, cited the state capitalism of Germany during the Great War as a model 
from which the Soviet Union could learn from and Lenin sometimes said that with 
the introduction of central planning to the Soviet Union, the Soviet economy 
would be run like one giant factory. I also mentioned Ronald Coase's 1937 
paper, "The Nature of the Firm" in which he basically characterized capitalist 
firms as being islands of central planning within a market economy and how this 
was related to ideas at that time on the socialist calculation debate. And I 
quoted from his Nobel Prize lecture where he acknowledged the connection 
between his research on the economics of transaction costs and his attempt to 
explain the apparent success of the Soviet economy.

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-- Original Message --
From: Michael Meeropol via Marxism 
Subject: Re: [Marxism] Yes, a Planned Economy Can Actually Work
Date: Mon, 25 Mar 2019 08:19:17 -0400


So Edward Bellamy was right?   Giant businesses become so big that they
"prove" socialist planning works --- and all we need is a "simple"
government takeover and we have out UTOPIA??

On Sat, Mar 23, 2019 at 7:09 AM Andrew Pollack via Marxism <
marxism@lists.csbs.utah.edu> wrote:



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Re: [Marxism] [SUSPICIOUS MESSAGE] Profits Beyond Reason and Reason Be yond Profits - COSMONAUT

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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That blog post provides a lucid exposition of Otto Neurath's concerning 
socialist economic planning. Otto Neurath was trained as an economist, and 
during the Great War, he worked for the government of Austria-Hungary as an 
economic planner on behalf of that government's war effort. It was his 
experiences in that role which persuaded him of both the feasibility and the 
desirability of socialist economic planning. Many other people reached similar 
conclusions based on their experiences during the Great War, as most of the 
belligerent powers adopted government planning of their economies for the sake 
of sustaining their war efforts. Lenin, for instance, cited German state 
capitalism, as it was developed during the war as a model to be learned from by 
the Soviet Union. Neurath stressed the role that in-kind calculations played in 
government economic planning during the Great War. 

After the war, the Social Democratic administration in Bavaria hired Neurath to 
oversee a commission that was charged with responsibility for creating a plan 
for the socialization of the Bavarian economy. Amidst the chaos of 1919, the 
Bavarian premier, Kurt Eisner, was assassinated by right-wing nationalists. The 
Social Democratic government was soon replaced by a radical left-wing 
government consisting of left Social Democrats, Spartacists, and anarchists, 
which proclaimed Bavaria to be a Soviet republic. That government was soon 
replaced by one that was even further to the left. Meanwhile, Otto Neurath 
continued with his work with the commission. Eventually, the German Army would 
suppress the Soviet republic, and Otto Neurath was among those arrested for 
having served that government. He was put on trial for treason, convicted, and 
sentenced to imprisonment in a fortress.  Prominent German academics like Max 
Weber spoke out on his behalf. The Austrian government interceded and he was 
granted clemency, and he was released from prison and expelled from Germany. He 
returned to Austria, where he continued to work on behalf of the workers 
movement there. As an admirer of Ernst Mach, he helped to found the Vienna 
Circle, working with people like Mortiz Schlick and Rudolf Carnap. He 
co-authored the Circle's manifesto, The Scientific Conception of the World: The 
Vienna Circle with Carnap.

His writings in defense of socialist economic planning were what provoked 
Ludwig von Mises to write his famous 1920 article, "Economic calculation in the 
socialist commonwealth."  Later on, Otto Neurath carried on a debate by post 
with Friedrich Hayek over the socialist calculation problem.



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-- Original Message --
From: Louis Proyect via Marxism 
Subject: Re: [Marxism] [SUSPICIOUS MESSAGE] Profits Beyond Reason and Reason 
Beyond Profits - COSMONAUT
Date: Sun, 24 Mar 2019 08:14:21 -0400


On 3/24/19 8:09 AM, Louis Proyect via Marxism wrote:
> 
> Is the economic calculation problem a valid argument against planned 
> economies? Max Black argues that this so-called problem is based on 
> flawed reasoning and that a world beyond markets is possible.
> 
> https://secure-web.cisco.com/1lcyIlw_4fxr-KdpbSI2-qTiUJCu8JIWq0ul6tRZTCwwzDj-zZZFTGAzR8d42wNy9-RNyPQ7Nxe_SC7jNvsO52J7MfEm-r0FwzqmnTLJ-yzKhmeB6LAWd_yulT3UtVUahhLLviZ0BntXwoHHECaIs05uOJtmIW5IL0rP4KNP1-TusWPMn6AZMsQcRbMBlp-I5Pm1BXZMOtCkJrkLzXg_yHtI4e4RSsKlnTZyTLtoHRk4697k1Jzs5zviN4WBkK_OLOwsY2wnRKBWUaz_B7umkU1RKpw2ZNVtzC_RyZ03W6TIwsfQu6hrqKwk8hYEjZM1dWPqsJvXn9zURSVejD1BaR8cESF-TixRiMlHt_ZxAN-NO2uOuAAVvRIEiO6mqBClx/https%3A%2F%2Fcosmonaut.blog%2F2019%2F03%2F23%2Fprofits-beyond-reason-and-reason-beyond-profits%2F
>  
> 

Again, the Utah spam filter flips out.

Just go to 
https://cosmonaut[dot]blog/2019/03/23/profits-beyond-reason-and-reason-beyond-profits/
 



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Re: [Marxism] Yes, a Planned Economy Can Actually Work

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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I have posted this here before:

A few years back, I co-authored an article on Friedrich Hayek. This article 
includes an appendix on the socialist calculation debates, including both the 
well known between Hayek and Oskar Lange, as well as the less well known 
between Hayek and Otto Neurath. BTW the socialist calculation debates were 
triggered in the first place when Hayek's mentor, Ludwig von Mises, wrote his 
1920 essay, "Economic calculation in the socialist commonwealth" in response to 
Neurath's writings in defense of socialist economic planning.

Here is a a link to the article by Mark Lindley and myself:
https://www.academia.edu/3291616/The_Strange_Case_of_Dr._Hayek_and_Mr._Hayek

And here is a link to Mises's 1920 essay:
https://mises.org/library/economic-calculation-socialist-commonwealth/html

And a link to Hayek's 1945 article, The Use of Knowledge in Society, where he 
summarized his views on socialist calculation.
http://www.econlib.org/library/Essays/hykKnw1.html


I also have a review of David Laibman's book, Deep history: a study in social 
evolution and human potential. Although that book was mostly about Laibman's 
ideas concerning the materialist conception of history, Laibman also discussed 
socialist calculation issues as well. So I addressed that as well.
https://www.academia.edu/205061/Review_of_David_Laibmans_book_Deep_history_a_study_in_social_evolution_and_human_potential


"I think it is appropriate to point out that there is no reason to be smug 
about economic calculation under capitalism. "

An issue which Lange addressed in his writings (and which was reiterated by 
Maurice Dobb too). Lange, citing A. C. Pigou's analysis of externalities argued 
that market failures were, in fact, rather ubiquitous under capitalism, so that 
we cannot expect capitalist markets to produce rational allocations of 
resources. Hence, the need for socialist economic planning to provide a 
corrective. 

A few other things to add:

One point that I would make is that the young Ronald Coase made his own 
contribution to the socialist calculation debate with his famous concept of 
transaction costs, which he introduced in his 1937 paper, "The Nature of the 
Firm."
https://msuweb.montclair.edu/~lebelp/CoaseNatFirmEc1937.pdf

In that paper,  Coase pointed out, that firms internally DO NOT work like 
markets and Coase made the argument why that should be rational behavior on 
their part, and more importantly, why firms should exist in the first place 
within a market economy.

Back when he wrote that, Coase was a socialist (he would later become a 
conservative). He was a close friend of Abba Lerner, and like Lerner, was at 
that time very much interested in the "socialist calculation" debate.

One of his concerns at that time was to show how to reconcile the apparent 
economic success of the Soviet Union with the neoclassical economics that he 
was committed to. His paper, "The Nature of the Firm" sketched out the kind of 
economic reasoning which could reconcile support for socialist economic 
planning with a commitment to neoclassical economic theory. For Coase, the key 
concept here was that of "transaction costs", which denoted the costs incurred 
by relying on the market and price system for organizing economic activity. 
It's precisely because transaction costs are often of significant size that 
people turn away from direct reliance upon the market and price system. Coase 
also used the concept of transaction costs in his famous 1960 paper, "The 
Problem of Social Cost", where he presented what has come to be known as 
"Coase's Theorem."   
http://bev.berkeley.edu/ipe/readings/The%20Problem%20of%20Social%20Cost.pdf

Coase's Theorem has often been taken as constituting some sort of refutation of 
Pigou's analysis of externalities. But Coase himself insisted that in most 
cases involving environmental pollution, and probably for most other kinds of 
externalities, the relevant transaction costs are of significant size, in which 
case, Pigou comes back into his own again. It is interesting to note that both 
Oskar Lange and Maurice Dobb used Pigou's analysis of externalities to make 
their cases for socialist economic planning. And the young Ronald Coase himself 
had been supportive of socialist economic planning precisely because he 
believed in the existence of high transaction costs.

And in his Nobel Lecture, Coase admitted as much concerning his own history:

"The view of the pricing system as a co-ordinating mechanism was clearly right 
but there were aspects of the argument which troubled me. Plant was opposed to 
all schemes, then very fashionable during the Great 

Re: [Marxism] I'll be glad when you're dead, you rascal you

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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Yesterday evening, the Wikipedia page on Lyndon LaRouche had him as dead for a 
while. That was later removed. Looking at the Talk page for that article, 
apparently Chip Berlet had made that edit. Other Wikipedia editors removed that 
edit on the grounds that news of LaRouche's had not appeared in any reliable 
news sources. Chip Berlet insists that word of his death has appeared on a 
number of Internet sources connected to the LaRouche network. I suspect that 
Berlet, who has been studying LaRouche and his followers for many years has 
gotten this right.


Jim Farmelant
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-- Original Message --
From: Louis Proyect via Marxism 
To: Jim Farmelant 
Subject: Re: [Marxism] I'll be glad when you're dead, you rascal you
Date: Tue, 12 Feb 2019 18:15:43 -0500

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On 2/12/19 4:53 PM, Louis Proyect via Marxism wrote:
> 
> A message from Helga Zepp-LaRouche
> 
> With infinite sadness I report to you that Lyn passed away this morning. 
> There are no words to describe the loss to humanity. He left us, but he 
> lives in the simultaneity of eternity. It is now up to us to realize his 
> life‘s work. Helga
>



May be bogus. Shit.
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Sad News For Meghan Markle And Prince Harry
track.volutrk.com
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Re: [Marxism] Heidi Toffler, Unsung Force Behind Futurist Books, Dies at 89

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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I believe they were in the CPUSA in their youth. They were decidedly 
middle-of-the-road in their later politics but it doesn't require a very close 
reading of their books to pick up on the residues of Marxist analysis in them.

Jim Farmelant
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http://www.foxymath.com 
Learn or Review Basic Math


-- Original Message --
From: Andrew Pollack via Marxism 
To: Jim Farmelant 
Subject: [Marxism] Heidi Toffler, Unsung Force Behind Futurist Books, Dies at 89
Date: Wed, 13 Feb 2019 09:49:23 -0500

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Notice labor background and activities:

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/12/obituaries/heidi-toffler-dead.html
 


Judge Judy Steps Down After 23 Years Over This Controversy
glancence-hality.com
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[Marxism] Erik Olin Wright, R.I.P.

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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>From FB.


Masoud Movahed


The light has gone out. My beloved adviser, Erik Olin Wright, is no 
more. Perhaps, I am wrong to say that. Nevertheless, we will never see him 
again as we have seen him in the past. We will not run to him for advice and 
seek solace from him, and that is a terrible tragedy, not to me only, but to 
many who Erik touched their lives forever.

The light has gone out, I said, and yet I was wrong. For the light that he 
shone in this world--and in the sociological tradition-- was no ordinary light; 
the light that will illuminate the world for many years. Erik spent a lifetime 
studying social justice; from developing a nuanced and sophisticated version of 
Marxian class analysis and placing it at the very core of contemporary social 
theory, to the Real Utopias Project that encouraged pursuing what Karl Marx 
himself so strenuously abjured:drawing up designs—blueprints—of the 
institutions necessary for a just social order.

It is sad day for anyone who even remotely knew Erik. And all this has happened 
when there was so much more for him to do. We could never think that he was 
unnecessary and or that he had done his task. He is now gone but his exquisite 
intellectual legacy, his dedication to equality (or equal access to opportunity 
as he insisted), and above all, his moral commitment, will live forever.

Goodbye, beloved Erik! Your beautiful smile will be dearly missed...

Jim Farmelant
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Gut Doctor "I Beg Americans To Throw Out This Vegetable Now"
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Re: [Marxism] Hunterbear, R.I.P.

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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He also had a NY Times obit too. But that is not as detailed as some of the 
others.
https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2019/01/10/us/ap-us-obit-civil-rights-organizer.html


Jim Farmelant
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Learn or Review Basic Math


-- Original Message --
From: Dayne Goodwin via Marxism 
To: Jim Farmelant 
Subject: Re: [Marxism] Hunterbear, R.I.P.
Date: Sat, 12 Jan 2019 04:00:25 -0700

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John Hunter Gray, Of Mississippi Lunch Counter Sit-In, Dies At 84
National Public Radio, "All Things Considered," January 11
by Karen Grigsby Bates
https://www.npr.org/2019/01/11/684610222/john-hunter-gray-of-mississippi-lunch-counter-sit-in-dies-at-84


On Sat, Jan 12, 2019 at 2:53 AM Jim Farmelant via Marxism
 wrote:
>
> A couple of obits that I have seen:
>
> https://www.grandforksherald.com/news/4555114-civil-rights-activist-and-former-und-professor-john-salter-jr-dies
>
> https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-john-hunter-gray-lunch-counter-protest-photo-dead-20190110-story.html

>
> From his son, Peter Salter on Facebook:
> ---
>
> The strongest man I ever knew died today, in his home, and in the care and 
> companionship of the family he helped create.
>
> John R. Salter Jr., later known as John Gray, left a permanent mark on this 
> world as a labor organizer, Civil Rights leader, author, college professor, 
> father, grandfather, great-grandfather. He liked to say he was an agitator, 
> but he was really a helper and a solver. He could not stomach injustice, and 
> the bigger the wrong, the fiercer the foe, the better.
> Our father held on longer than anyone expected, but that was within in his 
> character. Like everything else in his life, he was going to do this on his 
> own terms.
>
> He is already missed and mourned, but we know he will always be near, and his 
> legacy will live on."
>

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Popcorn Does This To Your Brain (Shocking)
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Re: [Marxism] Hunterbear, R.I.P.

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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A couple of obits that I have seen:

https://www.grandforksherald.com/news/4555114-civil-rights-activist-and-former-und-professor-john-salter-jr-dies


https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-john-hunter-gray-lunch-counter-protest-photo-dead-20190110-story.html


Jim Farmelant
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Learn or Review Basic Math


-- Original Message --
From: "Jim Farmelant" 
To: marxism@lists.csbs.utah.edu
Subject: Hunterbear, R.I.P.
Date: Mon, 7 Jan 2019 20:23:01 GMT


>From his son, Peter Salter on Facebook:
---

The strongest man I ever knew died today, in his home, and in the care and 
companionship of the family he helped create.

John R. Salter Jr., later known as John Gray, left a permanent mark on this 
world as a labor organizer, Civil Rights leader, author, college professor, 
father, grandfather, great-grandfather. He liked to say he was an agitator, but 
he was really a helper and a solver. He could not stomach injustice, and the 
bigger the wrong, the fiercer the foe, the better.
Our father held on longer than anyone expected, but that was within in his 
character. Like everything else in his life, he was going to do this on his own 
terms.

He is already missed and mourned, but we know he will always be near, and his 
legacy will live on."


Jim Farmelant
http://independent.academia.edu/JimFarmelant
http://www.foxymath.com 
Learn or Review Basic Math

Oncologists Freak Out Over True Cause of Cancer
pro.healthresponses.org
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[Marxism] Hunterbear, R.I.P.

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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>From his son, Peter Salter on Facebook:
---

The strongest man I ever knew died today, in his home, and in the care and 
companionship of the family he helped create.

John R. Salter Jr., later known as John Gray, left a permanent mark on this 
world as a labor organizer, Civil Rights leader, author, college professor, 
father, grandfather, great-grandfather. He liked to say he was an agitator, but 
he was really a helper and a solver. He could not stomach injustice, and the 
bigger the wrong, the fiercer the foe, the better.
Our father held on longer than anyone expected, but that was within in his 
character. Like everything else in his life, he was going to do this on his own 
terms.

He is already missed and mourned, but we know he will always be near, and his 
legacy will live on."


Jim Farmelant
http://independent.academia.edu/JimFarmelant
http://www.foxymath.com 
Learn or Review Basic Math


No More Tinnitus: 1 Odd Trick Ends The Ringing Overnight
fighttinnitusnow.com
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[Marxism] E. O. Wight

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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The sociologist Erik Olin Wright, who is known for his research on social 
class, and for his contributions to Analytical Marxism, is seriously ill with 
leukemia. He has been keeping a blog with updates on the course of his illness.

https://www.caringbridge.org/visit/erikolinwright/journal?fbclid=IwAR2bIey2Mx4vyPy3Ji4HL5FIVMx5uVFCpN1FdjwNMwpDnPrCcoAOy7dIHQo


Jim Farmelant
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http://www.foxymath.com 
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Oncologists Are Freaking Out Over True Cause of Cancer
pro.healthresponses.org
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[Marxism] Have a happy and merry December 25.

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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In just a few hours, the world will pause on the birthday of one of history's 
greatest men, whose teachings continue to benefit the entire human race, let us 
join in toasting the memory of Sir Isaac Newton, and of all the giants on whose 
shoulders he stood.


Jim Farmelant
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Silicon Valley 'Genius Pill' - Now Available Nationwide
brainnewsspecial.com
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Re: [Marxism] Building a Marxist psychology | Review of *Vygotsky and Marx: Toward a Marxist Psychology*, edited by Carl Ratner and Daniele Nunes Henrique Silva | Anup Gampa and Jeremy Sawyer | Intern

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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This is from an old post that I wrote for LBO-Talk back in the early 2000's.


Some time ago,I just picked up in a used bookstore Levy Rahmani, *Soviet 
Psychology: Philosophical, Theoretical and Experimental Issues* ( NY: Internal 
Universities Press, 1973) which provides an almost encyclopedic coverage of the 
development of Soviet psychology from the October Revolution down to the 1960s. 
He covers most of the usual suspects including the physiologists, Ivan Pavlov 
and Vladimir Bechterev, both of whom had been strongly influenced by the great 
Russian physiologist Ivan Sechenov (the father of Russian physiology), then 
Kornilov, who apparently made the first attempt in the Soviet Union to develop 
a specifically Marxist psychology, Vygotsky, Rubenshtein, both of whom 
crystallized what became some of the central ideas of Soviet psychology, 
Alexander Luria, who is often called the father of neuropsychology, plus many 
other people whom I am less familiar with.

According to Rahmani, Soviet psychologists following the October Revolution 
declared that psychology as a science was in a state of crisis, analogous to 
the crises in the natural sciences that Lenin had described in his Materialism 
and Empiriocriticism* The crisis in psychology was seen as emerging from a 
contradiction between the materialist outlook that was associated with 
experimental psychology, and the idealism which bourgeois psychology retained 
from the philosophies of Descartes, Locke, Berkeley, and Kant. The writings of 
Wundt, the father of modern psychology, were seen as exemplifying this 
contradiction. Therefore, early Soviet psychologists were more than willing to 
give a fair hearing to psychologies that challenged Wundt's introspectionism 
including both John B. Watson's behaviorism and Gestalt psychology. Watson's 
work was looked favorably upon because he was seen as attempting to articulate 
a materialist psychology. Watson was invited to write an article on behaviorism 
for the Large Soviet Encyclopedia. Gestalt psychology was treated favorably at 
first because it was seen as an attempt at developing a dialectical psychology. 
A little later on Soviet psychologists initiated attempts at developing their 
own psychological theories which were they hoped would be consistent with basic 
Marxist principles such as the materialist conception of history and Lenin's 
analysis of reflection.

As Rahmani makes clear, that while Soviet psychology as it evolved can be 
thought of as comprising a single school, a diversity of viewpoints did 
flourish within it. Thus, there were a variety of opinions concerning the 
status of Pavlov's reflexology. While nearly everyone expressed the utmost 
respect for Pavlov, opinions differed over how far that people thought that 
psychological phenomena could be explained in terms of his concepts of 
conditioned reflexes. Some people thought that nearly everything could be 
explained that way, while others thought that the range of phenomena that could 
be so explained was more limited and that other concepts and principles were 
required as well. Also, it should be noted for during the early 1950s Pavlovian 
psychology was for a while the official psychology in the Soviet Union, with 
most other views, such as Vygotsky's suppressed, a situation which changed 
following the death of Stalin. In fact a weakness of the book, is that is 
largely ignores the larger political context in which shifts in psychological 
opinion mirrored or were conditioned by shifts in the political winds.



Jim Farmelant
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-- Original Message --
From: Kevin Lindemann and Cathy Campo via Marxism 
To: Jim Farmelant 
Subject: [Marxism] Building a Marxist psychology | Review of *Vygotsky and 
Marx: Toward a Marxist Psychology*, edited by Carl Ratner and Daniele Nunes 
Henrique Silva | Anup Gampa and Jeremy Sawyer | International Socialist Review
Date: Fri, 7 Dec 2018 01:36:40 -0600

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https://isreview.org/issue/111/building-marxist-psychology


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Re: [Marxism] Trans ideology

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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I would hardly be surprised to see attacks on transgender people from the 
right. That sort of thing is only to be expected from people who are committed 
to the existence of rigid hierarchies that are alleged to  be "natural." But I 
am astounded when I see the same sort of thing coming from people who identify 
as leftists, and even Marxists. And I have seen more than a few Marxists, 
including some quite prominent figures do just that.


Jim Farmelant
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-- Original Message --
From: Stuart Munckton via Marxism 
To: Jim Farmelant 
Subject: Re: [Marxism] Trans ideology
Date: Sun, 25 Nov 2018 17:14:33 +1100

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"We are suppose to believe that trans women are women,
lesbians can have penises, and biological sex is a social construct. "

The claim is *gender* is a social construct, not biological sex. Hence the
term is transgender, not and transexual.

On Sun, 25 Nov 2018 at 16:25, Philip Ferguson via Marxism <
marxism@lists.csbs.utah.edu> wrote:

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>
> Science is under attack as universities, workplaces and governments are
> drawing up policies and laws to codify a fiction that makes creationism
> look sensible. We are suppose to believe that trans women are women,
> lesbians can have penises, and biological sex is a social construct. The
> idea that a man can literally be transformed into a woman, and a woman can
> be a man, has gained ground over the past decade.
>
> Parliament is considering a law that would enable anyone to change their
> sex on their birth certificate by simply filling out a form. A similar
> bill, the Gender Recognition Act, is being promoted in the UK by the
> Conservative government.
>
> This self ID process is supposed to ease the suffering of people with
> severe body dysphoria. This is a rare condition in which a person is
> tormented by the belief that he or she was born in the wrong body. However
> the majority of trans women activists do not have body dysphoria and do not
> want any medical or surgical procedures. The majority are hanging on to
> their penises and are aggressively demanding rights that impact on women. .
> .
>
> full at: https://rdln.wordpress.com/2018/11/25/trans-ideology-is-bollocks/
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Re: [Marxism] Reply to S. Jeong on labor-time calculation

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This discussion sort of reminds me of some of the ideas that the Austrian 
economist and philosopher Otto Neurath had concerning socialist economic 
planning.

In an article that Mark Lindley and myself wrote on Friedrich Hayek, we noted 
concerning Neurath:


Until fairly recently, his role in the socialist-calculation debate has tended 
to be downplayed in literature about the debate, most likely because he 
communicated with Hayek by post rather than publicly. In recent years, however, 
research on ecological economics and sustainable development has fostered a 
revival of interest in some of his economic ideas because he advocated 
“in-kind” (as distinguished from monetary) economic accounting( Naturalrechnung 
). (In the 1920s he also advocated Vollsozialisierung , i.e “complete” rather 
than merely partial“socialization.”) His proposed changes to the economic 
system were therefore more radical than those advocated by the mainstream 
Social-Democratic parties of Germany and Austria, and he debated these matters 
in the ’with leading Social-Democratic theoreticians (such as Karl Kautsky, who 
insisted upon the necessity of money in a socialist economy). It was while 
serving as a government economist during the war that he had observed that“As a 
result of the war, in-kind calculus was applied more often and more 
systematically than before It was all too apparent that war was fought with 
ammunition and with the supply of food, not with money” —and had come to 
believe in the feasibility of an economic system with planning done in terms of 
quantitative amounts of specified goods and services, and with no use at all 
for monetary currency. (It was in response to these ideas that Mises wrote his 
famous essay of 1920.) For Neurath, war economies displayed advantages in 
regard to speed of decision and execution, optimal distribution of means 
relative to (military) goals, and no-nonsense evaluation and utilization of 
inventiveness. Two disadvantages which he perceived as resulting from 
centralized decision-making were a reduction in productivity and a loss of the 
benefits of simple economic exchanges; but he thought (as did Lenin) that the 
reduction in productivity could be mitigated by means of “scientific” 
techniques based on analysis of work-flows etc. as advocated by Frederick 
Winslow Taylor (an American mechanical engineer and management consultant). 
Neurath believed that socio-economic theory and scientific methods could be 
applied together in contemporary practice.Although he was opposed to “market 
socialism” (as well as to capitalism), he believed in granting some degree of 
independence to small producers in the crafts and in agriculture:
 
“The doctrine that there is a trend towards ever more comprehensive 
organizations has been confirmed fully, less so the doctrine that small 
businesses will be replaced by large-scale concerns.”

He considered it essential, however, that small producers of various sorts be 
organized in a multitude of regional and branch organizations to ensure that 
goods and services would be produced according to a central plan, and he held 
that “total socialization” would require a comprehensive statistical 
apparatus:“Even before they begin their work, all bodies ... should be required 
to report to the Central Economic Administration, which, in collaboration with 
the Center for Statistics ... will fit the individual results into the 
universal statistics.”

When countering the theories of some of the leading Austrian champions of 
market economics (Carl Menger and Joseph Schumpeter), Neurath found that he had 
to challenge some of their basic assumptions. From Aristotle and from socialist 
literature he adopted the radical notion of wealth as based on use-value and 
welfare, whereby economic theory would be concerned with “wealth” in the sense 
of people’s physical and social conditions. His concept of welfare was, 
however, more Epicurean than Aristotelian; he said that “social Epicureanism”
 
“deals with the happiness of human beings as an effect of social actions. What 
is the effect of different orders of life, of different measures, on 
the conditions of life of human beings and thereby on their happiness and 
unhappiness?”
 
He felt that economists should try to find out which conditions promote 
people’s wealth in that sense of the term,and which institutions increase or 
decrease it. But he also perceived a theoretical challenge in regard to 
representing wealth and its allocation in such terms – namely, how to defend 
the rationality, objectivity and 

[Marxism] Doug Greene on Karl Kautsky

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Karl Kautsky: From Pope to Renegade

In the last few years, there has been a revival of interest in Kautsky's 
politics in both academia and on the political left.


At the height of the Second International, Karl Kautsky was recognized by 
socialists and anti-socialists alike as “The Pope of Marxism” for his 
popularization and systematization of Marxist ideas. The great figures of the 
day looked to him for guidance, whether Rosa Luxemburg, Leon Trotsky, V. I. 
Lenin, or Eugene Debs. Since Kautsky was such an authoritative voice on 
Marxism, his subsequent betrayal was so deep that later communists could be 
forgiven for mistaking his first name as “Renegade” (as Lenin bitterly called 
him). Although Kautsky fell into obscurity following the Russian Revolution, in 
the last few years there has been a revival of interest in his politics in both 
academia (notably by the scholar Lars Lih) and on the political left. This 
raises questions about the meaning of Kautsky’s orthodox Marxism and about 
what, if anything, a renewed revolutionary left should adopt from it as our own?


More:

http://www.leftvoice.org/Karl-Kautsky-From-Pope-to-Renegade


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[Marxism] Oskar Lange on Marx's second phase of communism.

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Oskar Lange on Marx's second phase of communism. From his On the Economic 
Theory of Socialism.

"The idea of distributing goods and services by free sharing sounds utopian, 
indeed. However, if applied to only a part of commodities free sharing is by no 
means such economic nonsense as might appear at a first glance. The demand for 
many commodities becomes, from a certain point on, quite inelastic. If the 
price of such a commodity is below, and the consumer’s income is above, a 
certain minimum, the commodity is treated by the consumer as if it were a free 
good. The commodity is consumed in such quantity that the want it serves to 
satisfy is perfectly saturated. Take, for instance, salt. Well-to-do people do 
the same with bread or with heating in winter. They do not stop eating bread at 
a point where the marginal utility of a slice is equal to the marginal utility 
of its price, nor do they turn down the heat by virtue of a similar 
consideration. Or would a decline of the price of soap to zero induce them to 
be so much more liberal in its use ? Even if the price were zero, the amount of 
salt, bread, fuel, and soap consumed by well-to-do people would not increase 
noticeably. With such commodities saturation is reached even at a positive 
price. If the price is already so low, and incomes so high, that the quantity 
consumed of those commodities is equal to the saturation amount, free sharing 
can be used as a method of distribution . Certain services are distributed in 
this way already in our present society.

"If a part of the commodities and services is distributed by free sharing, the 
price system needs to be confined only to the rest of them. However, though the 
demand for the commodities distributed by free sharing is, within limits, a 
fixed quantity, a cost has to be accounted for in order to be able to find out 
the best combination of factors and the optimum scale of output in producing 
them. The money income of the consumers must be reduced by an equivalent of the 
cost of production of these commodities. This means simply that free sharing 
provides, so to speak, a “socialized sector” of consumption the cost of which 
is met by taxation (for the reduction of consumers’ money incomes which has 
just been mentioned is exactly the taxation to cover the consumption by free 
sharing). Such a sector exists also in capitalist society, comprising, for 
instance, free education, free medical service by social insurance, public 
parks, and all the collective wants in Cassel’s sense (e.g., street lighting). 
It is quite conceivable that as wealth increases this sector increases, too, 
and an increasing number of commodities are distributed by free sharing until, 
finally, all the prime necessaries of life are provided for in this way, the 
distribution by the price system being confined to better qualities and 
luxuries. Thus Marx’s second phase of communism may be gradually approached."
---

Oskar Lange did not cite Ronald Coase's notion of transaction costs here 
(presumably because Coase was still a nobody within economics at that time). 
But Coase's insight that the resorting to the price system and markets has its 
own costs seems relevant to Lange's argument.

Coase's relevance would be this:

In his 1937 paper, The Nature of the Firm, he pointed out that firms internally 
DO NOT work like markets and he made the argument why that should be rational 
behavior on their part, and more importantly, why firms should exist in the 
first place within a market economy.

When he wrote that, Coase was a socialist (he would later become a 
conservative). He was a close friend of Abba Lerner, and like Lerner, was at 
that time very much interested in the "socialist calculation" debate..

One of Coase's concerns at that time was to show how to reconcile the apparent 
economic success of the Soviet Union with the neoclassical economics that he 
was committed to. His paper, "The Nature of the Firm" sketched out the kind of 
economic reasoning which could reconcile support for socialist economic 
planning with a commitment to neoclassical economic theory. For Coase, the key 
concept here was that of "transaction costs", which denoted the costs incurred 
by relying on the market and price system for organizing economic activity. 
It's precisely because transaction costs are often of significant size that 
people turn away from direct reliance upon the market and price system. Coase 
also used the concept of transaction costs in his famous 1960 paper, "The 
Problem of Social Cost", where he presented what has come to be known as 
"Coase's Theorem."

Re: [Marxism] The Stupefying Mediocrity of Barack Obama

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 In the case of Obama, he is someone who certainly had read and was familiar 
with the work of people like Noam Chomsky and Edward Said. When he was starting 
out in Chicago politics , he hobnobbed with many left-wing people, including 
such folk as Bill Ayers and Bernardine Dohrn. He was for many years a member of 
the left-oriented black church of Rev. Jeremiah Wright. Obama, when it suited 
him, could speak the language of progressives and was able to convince 
progressives that he was one of them. But in the end, none of that really meant 
anything to him  When it became time for him to move up to the next level, he 
ditched all that in pursuit of the brass ring.

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Re: [Marxism] Red-Brown Zombie plague

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There is, alas, nothing new about red/brown politics. This was something that 
Marx & Engels had to confront in their own day too. Thus, in the Manifesto, 
they wrote about what they referred to as True Socialism or German Socialism.

--
By this, the long-wished for opportunity was offered to “True” Socialism of 
confronting the political movement with the Socialist demands, of hurling the 
traditional anathemas against liberalism, against representative government, 
against bourgeois competition, bourgeois freedom of the press, bourgeois 
legislation, bourgeois liberty and equality, and of preaching to the masses 
that they had nothing to gain, and everything to lose, by this bourgeois 
movement. German Socialism forgot, in the nick of time, that the French 
criticism, whose silly echo it was, presupposed the existence of modern 
bourgeois society, with its corresponding economic conditions of existence, and 
the political constitution adapted thereto, the very things those attainment 
was the object of the pending struggle in Germany.

To the absolute governments, with their following of parsons, professors, 
country squires, and officials, it served as a welcome scarecrow against the 
threatening bourgeoisie.

It was a sweet finish, after the bitter pills of flogging and bullets, with 
which these same governments, just at that time, dosed the German working-class 
risings.

While this “True” Socialism thus served the government as a weapon for fighting 
the German bourgeoisie, it, at the same time, directly represented a 
reactionary interest, the interest of German Philistines. In Germany, the 
petty-bourgeois class, a relic of the sixteenth century, and since then 
constantly cropping up again under the various forms, is the real social basis 
of the existing state of things.
---



And Marx & Engels had the experience of seeing their erstwhile comrade,. 
Ferdinand Lassalle, coming out for an alliance of the German social democracy 
with Otto von Bismarck. And in France, some of the Blanquists would come out in 
support of General Georges Boulanger's quest for power.


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-- Original Message --
From: Anthony Boynton via Marxism 
Subject: [Marxism] Red-Brown Zombie plague
Date: Tue, 29 May 2018 11:58:51 -0700

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IMHO the plague is real, but not the result of nefarious infiltration (even
though there have always been infiltrators in any even moderately
significant leftist organization). This is the same type of phenomenon that
swept leftists into the cold war right during the witch hunts, and during
earlier periods of history (remember where Mussolini started). When leftist
individuals and small groups get disconnected from the working class and
mass movements on the left, some of them drift through the swampy waters
until a rightward eddy moves them into the enemy camp. In the post 1927
world, one major path has been from Stalinism to support of state regimes
in conflict with the USA and/or Western Europe. With the collapse of the
Soviet Union and the rise of Putin's klepto-orthodox rightist regime, it
was inevitable that some of the blindest and most corrupt supporters of the
old Soviet Union would go along for the ride, and that they would draw some
others into the right-wing eddies of the swamp along with them.

Anthony



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Re: [Marxism] Steven Pinker�s Ideas About ProgressAre Fatally Flawed. These Eight Graphs Show Why. - Resilience

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Given the prodigious amount of research that went into that book, one would 
think that Pinker would have done a better job with it.

A couple of points:

Steven Pinker writes as a defender of the Enlightenment heritage. One would 
think that given this objective, he would have dug more deeply into the 
intellectual history of the Enlightenment. But that was something that he did 
not do. For example, I'm not sure that I agree with Pinker's classification of 
Rousseau as a counter-Enlightenment thinker. I think that by doing so, it makes 
it easy to paper over the fact that the Enlightenment was not a monolith. That 
it was full of contradictions, which still exist to this day. I think it is a 
mistake to conflate Romanticism with the counter-Enlightenment, even though 
there was a good deal of overlap between the two. Jean-Jacques Rousseau was 
certainly a Romantic thinker but he was at the same time an Enlightenment 
thinker, and I think one can classify him as being a counter-Enlightenment 
thinker with a certain measure of trepidation. (BTW there is a decent 
discussion on the classification of Rousseau here: 
https://www.iep.utm.edu/rousseau/)
There are other Romantic writers who can be clearly classified as having been 
Enlightenment thinkers such as the poet Percy Shelley. He is generally 
classified as being a Romantic poet but he was almost certainly an 
Enlightenment thinker too, as reflected in such writings as his essay, The 
Necessity of Atheism, for which he was sent down from Oxford, and his poem, 
Queen Mab.  

All this complicates things for Pinker because Immanuel Kant, who is cited by 
Pinker as one of his exemplary Enlightenment thinkers, was very much an admirer 
of Rousseau. And just to complicate things a little further, intellectual 
historians and other commentators have debated whether Kant should be 
classified as an Enlightenment or as a counter-Enlightenment thinker too.

IPinker has a discussion of social Darwinism that I found to be unsatisfactory. 
Pinker complains that the term is too widely used such that it has become 
meaningless. He seems to blame Richard Hofstadter's book, Social Darwinism in 
American Thought, 1860–1915 for this. He also pins blame on Stephen Jay Gould 
as well. Pinker seems to think that the only genuine form of social Darwinism 
was the kind that stemmed from the work of Herbert Spencer and his followers. 
Pinker takes some pains to show that Spencer's thinking about evolution was not 
Darwinian, but was very much Lamarckian. He also emphasizes that Spencer's 
thought was basically libertarian in character and that Spencer was an opponent 
of imperialism and eugenics. Hence, in Pinker's view, it's illegitimate to tie 
social Darwinism with other right-wing ideas .

What Pinker's discussion fails to take into account is that there were indeed 
other forms of social Darwinism around in the late 19th and early 20th 
centuries besides Spencer's. The German biologist Ernst Haeckel, the man who 
introduced and popularized Darwinism in Germany, was also the proponent of his 
own brand of social Darwinism. And his variety of social Darwinism was indeed 
less individualistic than Spencer's, placing emphasis of the struggle for 
existence between competing nations and races. Haeckel was politically an avid 
supporter of Otto von Bismarck. He was himself a staunch German nationalist and 
he attempted to use his work in evolutionary biology to lend support to his 
political beliefs including his embracing of "scientific racism." Pinker says 
nothing at all about Haeckel. His name does not even appear in the book's 
index. And yet, Haeckel's brand of social Darwinism was at least as well known 
as Spencer's and nearly as influential.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel





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-- Original Message --
From: Louis Proyect via Marxism 
Subject: [Marxism] Steven Pinker’s Ideas About ProgressAre Fatally Flawed. 
These Eight Graphs Show Why. - Resilience
Date: Fri, 25 May 2018 08:10:54 -0400


*

https://www.resilience.org/stories/2018-05-18/steven-pinkers-ideas-about-progress-are-fatally-flawed-these-eight-graphs-show-why/
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[Marxism] Young Karl Marx on YouTube

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GtJnbJ_TfGk


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Re: [Marxism] Keynesian Boosts Have Not Always Worked. The Modern Clas sical Perspective Explains Why.

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 Shaikh probably could add China, following the 2008 downturn, as another 
example where Keynesian stimulus policies did work and for the same reasons 
that he gives to explain the successes of such policies in Nazi Germany in the 
1930's and the US during WW II. While China nowadays has a largely capitalistic 
economy, it is one where the state still plays a dominant role, through its 
ownership and control over the major banks, among other things, as well as the 
ubiquitous state-private partnerships in many economic sectors. 


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-- Original Message --
From: Louis Proyect via Marxism 
Subject: [Marxism] Keynesian Boosts Have Not Always Worked. The Modern 
Classical Perspective Explains Why.
Date: Fri, 4 May 2018 18:22:22 -0400

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Keynesian policies – providing deficit-financed stimuli to the economy – 
seemed to work under Hitler in the 1930s and under Roosevelt during 
World War II. Why did it fail globally during the seventies and, more 
recently, under Lula in Brazil? Economics professor Anwar Shaikh argues 
the answer lies not in neoclassical or post-Keynesian theory. “There is 
a third way”. The 'modern classical perspective' looks at profit and 
wage shares.

full: 
http://www.socialisteconomist.com/2018/05/keynesian-boosts-have-not-always-worked.html


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Re: [Marxism] Managers rule, not capitalists? | Michael Roberts Blog

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All that's old is new again. James Burnham must be smiling from the grave.


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-- Original Message --
From: Louis Proyect via Marxism 
To: Jim Farmelant 
Subject: [Marxism] Managers rule, not capitalists? | Michael Roberts Blog
Date: Sun, 29 Apr 2018 08:59:47 -0400

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The capitalist mode of production is coming to an end.  But it is not 
being replaced by socialism. Instead, there is a new mode of production, 
based on a managerial class that has been forming in the last hundred 
years.  This managerial class does not exploit the working class for 
surplus value and its accumulation as capital.  The managers instead use 
power and control which they exercise through the management of 
transnationals and finance.  The working class will not be the 
‘gravediggers’ of capitalism, as Marx expected.  The ‘popular classes’ 
instead must press the managerial class to be progressive and modern; 
and eliminate the vestiges of the capitalist class in order to develop a 
new meritocratic society. Such is the thesis of a new book, Managerial 
Capitalism, by Gerard Dumenil and Dominique Levy (D-L), two longstanding 
and eminent French Marxist economists.

full: 
https://thenextrecession.wordpress.com/2018/04/29/managers-rule-not-capitalists/
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Unbelievable German World War 2 Photo Shocks Americans
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John Dewey�s Experiments in Democratic Socialism - Jacobin

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https://jacobinmag.com/2018/01/john-dewey-democratic-socialism-liberalism

John Dewey was a democratic socialist but was never a Marxist. On the other 
hand, several of his most notable students did become Maexist: Max Eastman, 
Sidney Hook, and Corliss Lamont. These three people followed different 
political trajectories later on. Max Eastman would become a friend of Lenin and 
Trotsky. He was the person who publicized Lenin's final testament where he had 
criticized Stalin. Eventually, Eastman went over to the far right, becoming an 
admirer of Hayek, was for a while an editor with William F. Buckley Jr.'s 
magazine, National Review. He ended up as editor of Reader's Digest. Sidney 
Hook, influenced by the work of Lukacs and Korsch, attempted to synthesize 
Marxism with pragmatism. But he would eventually end up as a fierce 
anticommunist and a leading light among the cold war liberals, and later the 
neocons. Corliss Lamont, in contrast with the other two men, always remained 
true to the socialist left, but would later abjure the label of Marxist.


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Re: [Marxism] Fwd: Michio Kaku picks five books to help you understand the future | Books | The Guardian

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This right-wing website has, what looks like a reasonably accurate profile of 
Kaku.

http://www.keywiki.org/Michio_Kaku


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Re: [Marxism] John O'Neill, " In partial praise of a positivist The work of Ott o N eurath"

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Mark Lindley and myself did discuss Otto Neurath in our paper on Friedrich 
Hayek, since it was in reaction to Neurath, that Ludwig von Mises wrote his 
1920 piece, Economic calculation in the socialist commonwealth, which triggered 
the socialist calculation debates in the first place 

As John O'Niell pointed out there were several socialist calculation debates. 
These included the debates in which Oskar Lange, Abba Lerner, Fred M. Taylor,  
etc. lined up against Friedirch Hayek. But parallel to that, there was also an 
ongoing debate between Hayek and Otto Neurath, which emphasized somewhat 
different issues.

See:
https://www.academia.edu/3291616/The_Strange_Case_of_Dr._Hayek_and_Mr._Hayek



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John O�Neill, " In partial praise of a positivist The work of Otto N eurath"

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There is a tradition in socialist writing of rediscovering
neglected socialist thinkers and showing how the
recovery of their memory can contribute to the solution
of contemporary problems in socialist theory and
practice. This paper belongs to this genre of rediscovery.

The theorist with whom I am concerned was an
Austrian Marxist. He played an active part in the German
revolution that followed the First World War: some of
his best work on socialist planning was written as
addresses to the workers’ councils of Germany, and he
acted as director of the agency responsible for
socialization during the soviet phase of the Bavarian
revolution. Following the defeat of the Bavarian
revolution he was brought to trial, during which Max
Weber testified in his defence. His work on socialist
economics formed one of the starting points of the
socialist calculation debate, being an object of criticism
in the arguments against socialism developed by Mises
and Weber, and later Hayek. In the 1920s, ’30s and ’40s
he continued to develop a defence of socialism which
examined problems of socialist planning in a way that
took seriously the ecological dimension of socialist
thought, and recognized the problems of reconciling
individual freedom and economic planning. He was also
a major philosopher of science whose work in that area
has continued to be influential. However, in the history
of socialist thought he rarely gets a mention, and no
standard survey of Western Marxism discusses his
socialist ideas. Indeed, he tends to be known by two
quotations, which might give the impression that his
main concerns were boat-building at sea and the role of
coffee drinking in the development of sociological
thought. I The reason for the neglect is that my socialist
philosopher, Otto Neurath, was a positivist and a leading
member of the Vienna Circle.

More at:
https://www.radicalphilosophy.com/article/in-partial-praise-of-a-positivist



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Doug Green on Spain�s �transition to democracy� as a passive revolutio n

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March 10, 2018 — Links International Journal of Socialist Renewal — After 
decisively defeating the Second Spanish Republic in 1939, the triumphant 
dictatorship of Francisco Franco presided over a regime of unbridled state 
terror, concentration camps and murder. Resistance survived during the long 
years of repression, but Franco was never beaten. By the time of Franco's death 
in 1975, the bourgeoisie recognized that fundamental reform was needed to deal 
with a militant labor movement, the leftist opposition and a mounting economic 
crisis. To that end, the post-Franco government began a process of 
“liberalization.” However, the Spanish bourgeoisie would not have been able to 
make the transition from fascism to a constitutional monarchy without the 
willing collaboration of the left-wing parties who renounced any other 
alternative in the interests of “national reconciliation.”
 
The much touted Spanish “transition to democracy” was an example of what 
Antonio Gramsci called a “passive revolution.” By passive revolution, Gramsci 
means that through the legislative intervention of the state, and by means of 
the corporative organization-relatively far-reaching modifications are being 
introduced into the country's economic structure in order to accentuate the 
"plan of production" element; in other words, that socialization and 
co-operation in the sphere of production are being increased, without however 
touching (or at least not going beyond the regulation and control of) 
individual and group appropriation of profit.[1]
 
After Franco's death, the Spanish bourgeoisie was able to achieve a “revolution 
without a revolution” since they possessed the will and the capacity to carry 
out a strategy of “democratization.” They were also able to secure the 
collaboration and support of the opposition since the left lacked a 
revolutionary and “Jacobin” strategy of their own that could lead to a 
revolutionary break. Not only did the left refuse to play a revolutionary role, 
they allowed themselves to be co-opted and absorbed by the bourgeoisie, 
ultimately ensuring a successful passive revolution in Spain.

More at:
http://links.org.au/spain-transition-democracy-passive-revolution


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Re: [Marxism] Fwd: Waiting for Steven Pinker�s Enlightenment | The Nat ion

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I have been reading Pinker's discussion of social Darwinism and I found it a 
bit unsatisfactory. Pinker complains that the term is too widely used such that 
it has become meaningless. He seems to blame Richard Hofstadter's book, Social 
Darwinism in American Thought, 1860–1915 for this. He also pins blame on 
Stephen Jay Gould as well. Pinker seems to think that the only genuine form of 
social Darwinism was the kind that stemmed from the work of Herbert Spencer and 
his followers. Pinker takes some pains to show that Spencer's thinking about 
evolution was not Darwinian, but was very much Lamarckian. He also emphasizes 
that Spencer's thought was basically libertarian in character and that Spencer 
was an opponent of imperialism and eugenics. Hence, in Pinker's view, it's 
illegitimate to tie social Darwinism with other right-wing ideas .

What Pinker's discussion ignores is that there were indeed other forms of 
social Darwinism around in the late 19th and early 20th centuries besides 
Spencer's. The German biologist Ernst Haeckel, the man who introduced and 
popularized Darwinism in Germany, was also the proponent of his own brand of 
social Darwinism. And his variety of social Darwinism was indeed less 
individualistic than Spencer's, placing emphasis of the struggle for existence 
between competing nations and races. Haeckel was politically an avid supporter 
of Otto von Bismarck. He was himself a staunch German nationalist and he 
attempted to use his work in evolutionary biology to lend support to his 
political beliefs including his embracing of "scientific racism." Pinker says 
nothing at all about Haeckel. His name does not even appear in the book's index.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel

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-- Original Message --
From: Louis Proyect via Marxism 
Subject: [Marxism] Fwd: Waiting for Steven Pinker’s Enlightenment | The Nation
Date: Wed, 7 Mar 2018 13:02:08 -0500

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https://www.thenation.com/article/waiting-for-steven-pinkers-enlightenment/
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Re: [Marxism] Fwd: The Far Right�s Leftist Mask

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I think that has been happening is that as center-left parties around the world 
became neoliberal and so abandoning the interests of their traditional working 
class constituencies, workers have returned the favor by refusing to come out 
and vote for such parties. The Democratic Party in the US is an extreme case, 
where we saw Hillary Clinton in 2016 refusing to campaign in states like 
Wisconsin and Michigan, both of which she should have easily won but didn't.

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-- Original Message --
From: Jeff via Marxism 
Subject: Re: [Marxism] Fwd: The Far Right’s Leftist Mask
Date: Mon, 19 Feb 2018 21:08:09 +0100

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On 2018-02-19 19:31, Louis Proyect via Marxism wrote:
> 
> Why European workers are turning to the radical right.

Well I'm not so sure that is the case. Not that this is a bad article, 
but it covers two themes. First is the matter of the far-right adopting 
populism in order to appeal to the traditional left's constituency (and 
the willingness of some leftists to reciprocate) about which we have had 
much discussion. But secondly it suggests that the far-right is 
succeeding in attracting the working class, which I don't think is very 
well supported. The same issue has come up in the case of the US and 
Trump, and there has been considerable talk on this list and articles 
contributed which strongly challenge the idea that the US working class 
massively turned to Trump (but of course with a very close election, 
even a small boost for Trump was enough to change the result).




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Re: [Marxism] Fwd: The Far Right�s Leftist Mask

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This type of rebranding of the European far right in pseudoleftist clothing is 
nothing new. The original fascists did the same thing too. In the case of 
Italian Fascism, Mussolini had actually been a Socialist (and a fairly 
prominent one at that) prior to the First World War. As leader of the Fascist 
Party, he used pseudoleftist rhetoric in combination with nationalist slogans. 
In terms of actual policy, when they first took power, the Fascists followed 
classical liberal economic policies. They privatized state owned enterprises, 
cut taxes, especially taxes on the rich and pushed deregulation. Later on, 
especially in response to the Great Depression, the Fascists would take a more 
interventionist tack, with their ministers praising the economic theories of 
John Maynard Keynes.

The German National Socialists, as their name implied, from the beginning used 
pseudoleftist rhetoric. They adopted the color red in their party flag, in part 
because red was the traditional color of socialists, and Hitler wanted to draw 
a distinction between his party and traditional right-wing parties. There were 
certain wings of the Nazi Party which took the party's socialist rhetoric 
rather seriously such as the followers of the Strasser brothers and the 
followers of Ernst Rohm, the commander of the SA. When the Nazis took power, 
both big business and the military in Germany found this to be a source of 
unease. Hitler eventually resolved this situation in the Night of the Long 
Knives which resulted in the killing of Ernst Rohm and one of the Strassers, 
along with many of their followers. This put the minds of big business and the 
military at ease.

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-- Original Message --
From: Louis Proyect via Marxism 
Subject: [Marxism] Fwd: The Far Right’s Leftist Mask
Date: Mon, 19 Feb 2018 13:31:23 -0500

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Why European workers are turning to the radical right.

https://www.jacobinmag.com/2017/03/far-right-ukip-fn-welfare-immigration-working-class-voters/
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[Marxism] Maurice Cornforth

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The British Marxist philosopher Maurice Cornforth was trained in analytical 
philosophy under such major figures as C. D. Broad, G. E. Moore, and Ludwig 
Wittgenstein. Not long after completing his studies, he joined the CPGB, Some 
of his closest friends would serve in the International Brigades in the Spanish 
Civil War, and would die in Spain, He devoted the next couple of decades 
working for the CPGB. In the 1950's, he began to deliver lectures on 
philosophy, which he did from the perspective of an orthodox dialectical 
materialism. In those years, he was known as a strong critic of analytical 
philosophy. However, even he attempted to present his dialectical materialist 
views with a degree of logical rigor, that reflected his previous training in 
analytical philosophy. Later on, starting in the 1960's, he began to rethink 
his previous opposition to analytical philosophy and sought to work out a 
reconciliation between analytical philosophy and Marxism. This was reflected in 
such works as his 1965 book, Marxism and the Linguistic Philosophy, his 1968 
book, The Open Philosophy and the Open Society: A Reply to Dr. Karl Popper's 
Refutations of Marxism, and his final book,Communism & Philosophy: Contemporary 
Dogmas and Revisions of Marxism. While he continued to adhere to many of his 
earlier criticisms of such analytical philosophers as Bertrand Russell or 
Rudolf Carnap, he came to believe that later trends within analytical 
philosophy as represented in the work of such people as Gilbert Ryle and J. L. 
Austin, were compatible with Marxism. Even in his book critiquing Popper, he 
took pains to show that he shared considerable common ground with Popper, which 
IMO makes his rebuttals to Popper's critiques of Marxism all the more telling.
http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/cornforth09/communphil_preface.html


 I think it is only natural to seek to relate Cornforth's later work with the 
Analytical Marxism that began to develop in the UK, centering around the work 
of G. A. Cohen and his associates. Cohen in his 1978 book, Karl Marx's Theory 
of History: A Defence, to my recollection, makes no mention of Cornforth, so 
there may not be a direction connection between the work of these two men. 
However, they both shared a connection with Gilbert Ryle. Cornforth was an 
admirer of Ryle's work, while G. A. Cohen actually studied under Ryle at Oxford.

 Helena Sheehan BTW gives a good summary of Cornforth in her book, Marxism and 
the Philosophy of Science, which has recently been reissued by Verso.

And Helena Sheehan has responded on my FB wall writing:

>From my forthcoming book Navigating the Zeitgeist: "At the CUL philosophy 
>course, I spoke to Maurice Cornforth, who had written many books on Marxist 
>philosophy. He had studied philosophy at Cambridge in the 1930s under 
>Wittgenstein. His work reflected a continuing influence of analytic 
>philosophy, as well as polemical defense of Marxism against it. He invited me 
>to his house for dinner and we continued our discussions. He subsequently 
>invited me to stay at his house in Highgate, whenever I was in London, which I 
>often was, and I took him up on it. I slept in a big attic, which had been the 
>home of James Klugman before he died...We had long conversations over many 
>dinners, discussing philosophy as well as the history of the communist 
>movement. Because of my interest in past debates as well as present ones and 
>in various thinkers who were by then dead, Maurice was a great source of 
>information, even what could be called historical gossip. He spoke to me 
>honestly, and often amusingly, about them, which made them more vivid 
>characters in the story I was writing. He was re-evaluating many positions he 
>had taken in the past, when he was a hardliner, even a Stalinist-Zhadonvist. 
>His critique of Caudwell was nearly as disedifying as Klugman's attack on 
>Tito, both resulting from the pressures of the last years of the Stalinist 
>era. He earned his living as an editor for the left publishing house Lawrence 
>& WishartOn the terrible things I felt I had to write, Maurice Cornforth 
>advised me to do it truthfully, not to compromise. Another night, when I was 
>staying at his house and reading the manuscript of a book he was writing, I 
>responded to a very engaging autobiographical introduction by asking him if he 
>ever felt shaken or disillusioned. Yes, he said. Why then did he carry on, I 
>asked. He replied: "Communism is the great movement of our time. It must be 
>reformed". He was recovering from a recent stroke and his speech 

[Marxism] Doug Greene - Fragmented Power: Portugal in Revolution, 1974-1975

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On April 25, 1974, just after midnight, the Catholic-owned Radio 
Renascenca played a song entitled “Grandola Vila Morena”. This was the 
signal for the underground Armed Forces Movement (MFA) to begin their 
long-planned coup d'etat and bring down the/Estado Novo/regime that had 
ruled Portugal for forty-four years. The coup succeeded with remarkable 
ease in seizing control of key installations and cities. The next day, 
the people of Lisbon ignored radio appeals to stay inside and poured 
into the streets to enjoy their first taste of freedom. To show their 
support for the soldiers, the people placed carnations on their guns – 
giving the coup its name as the “Carnation Revolution”. Despite the 
modest intentions of its organizers, over the next eighteen months the 
coup unleashed mass movements and popular initiatives that brought 
Portugal to the brink of a socialist revolution.


Continued at:

http://links.org.au/fragmented-power-portugal-revolution

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Re: [Marxism] Fwd: National Socialist Furniture: Ingvar Kamprad and th e IKEA Vision

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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In the case of Ingvar Kamprad, his support for Nazism can be attributed to the 
fact that his parents were immigrants from the Ingvar Kamprad, and his father 
and grandfather were pro-Nazi. But it was also the case that there was 
considerable sympathy for the Nazis among Sweden's upper class between the wars.

I remember years ago being shocked when I read Ingmar Bergman’s autobiography 
*The Magic Lantern*. Bergman pointed out that sympathy for Nazi Germany was 
widespread in the milieu in which he grew up. Some of his school teachers were 
openly sympathetic to the “new Germany.” One teacher used to spend his summers 
attending officers' meetings in Bavaria. Bergman's brother (who would later on 
enter the diplomatic corps) was an organizer for the Swedish National 
Socialists. Ingmar himself at the age of 16 went to Germany as an exchange 
student. Since, he was a pastor’s son, he was paired with a German boy who was 
also a pastor’s son. This German pastor was an ardent Nazi who was as prone to 
use texts from Mein Kampf for his Sunday sermons as he was the Gospels. As an 
exchange student young Ingmar became an enthusiast for Hitler’s regime. Bergman 
reported that his infatuation with Nazism lasted until after the end of WW II 
when finally the evidence of what the Nazis did to the Jews and others had 
become so strong as to become undeniable. However, in the meantime, Ingmar’s 
family had become close to the German family that he had boarded with. His 
sister became engaged to the German student that Ingmar had been paired with. 
He became a pilot in the Luftwaffe and was shot down and killed at the 
beginning of WW II.

I would also add that reading Bergman’s memoir seemed to me to shed new light 
on some of his best known films. I cannot avoid feeling, for example, that his 
film, The Seventh Seal, about the knight, Antoninus Block, who returns home to 
Sweden from the Crusades, thoroughly disillusioned, was reflective of Bergman’s 
own experience of becoming disillusioned with National Socialism and the Third 
Reich when they were defeated and Bergman became aware of how evil they were.

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-- Original Message --
From: Louis Proyect via Marxism 
To: Jim Farmelant 
Subject: [Marxism] Fwd: National Socialist Furniture: Ingvar Kamprad and the 
IKEA Vision
Date: Fri, 2 Feb 2018 07:45:30 -0500

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https://www.counterpunch.org/2018/02/02/national-socialist-furniture-ingvar-kamprad-and-the-ikea-vision/
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Re: [Marxism] Fwd: Ravings Of A Radical Vagabond � Blog Archive � An I nvestigation into Red-Brown Alliances:Third Positionism, Russia, Ukrai ne, Syria, and the Western Left

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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The temptation to enter into  red-brown alliances is one that has long existed 
and certainly a phenomenon that long precedes the period described in the 
article that Louis linked to. Marx & Engels warned against that sort of thing 
back in 1848 in the Manifesto, and they went through the experience of seeing 
their erstwhile comrade, Ferdinand Lassalle's attempt to form an alliance with 
Otto von Bismarck. 


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-- Original Message --
From: Louis Proyect via Marxism 
Subject: [Marxism] Fwd: Ravings Of A Radical Vagabond » Blog Archive » An 
Investigation into Red-Brown Alliances:Third Positionism, Russia, Ukraine, 
Syria, and the Western Left
Date: Mon, 15 Jan 2018 22:16:04 -0500

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An exhaustive treatment of National Bolshevism, Larouche, Chossoduvsky, 
et al.

https://ravingsofaradicalvagabond.noblogs.org/post/2018/01/15/an-investigation-into-red-brown-alliances/
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Re: [Marxism] Wielding Data, Women Force a Reckoning Over Bias in the Economics Field

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Back in 1975, almost everybody in the economics profession expected the British 
economist, Joan Robinson, to win the Nobel Prize in economics. That never 
happened, despite the fact that she had a diverse body of work in such fields 
as the analysis of imperfect competition, the development of Keynesian economic 
theory, capital theory, the elucidation of Marxian economic theory, and the 
development of post-Keynesian economics. Her work in any one of those fields 
ought to have been sufficient to merit winning that Prize. Ever since then, 
commentators have debated the extent to which her not winning the Prize was due 
to misogyny versus opposition to her far left politics. No woman would win that 
Prize until 2009, when the American economist, Elinor Ostrom, shared the Prize 
with Oliver E. Williamson, for their work on economic governance.

Jim Farmelant
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Learn or Review Basic Math


-- Original Message --
From: Louis Proyect via Marxism 
Subject: [Marxism] Wielding Data, Women Force a Reckoning Over Bias in the 
Economics Field
Date: Thu, 11 Jan 2018 09:27:23 -0500

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NY Times, Jan. 11 2018
Wielding Data, Women Force a Reckoning Over Bias in the Economics Field
By JIM TANKERSLEY and NOAM SCHEIBER

P

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Re: [Marxism] Fwd: How White Nationalists Hide in Academia | Alternet

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Here is a link to a bibliography of  A. James Gregor's published writings.
 http://ferris-pages.org/ISAR/bibliography/gregrbib.htm

As one can see, back in the 1950's and 1960's, he was especially obsessed with 
the topic of race and he published a great in journals that were devoted to 
promoting racist ideas.




Jim Farmelant
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-- Original Message --
From: Jim Farmelant via Marxism <marxism@lists.csbs.utah.edu>
Subject: Re: [Marxism] Fwd: How White Nationalists Hide in Academia | Alternet
Date: Sat, 6 Jan 2018 19:08:10 GMT

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Some of these guys have been around for a long time.

Kevin MacDonald is probably the world's leading proponent of "scientific 
antisemitism." He was a longtime psychology professor at  California State 
University in Long Beach. 
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/culturebox/2000/01/evolutionary_psychologys_antisemite.html

Then there is the case of retired Berkeley professor  A. James Gregor,  who 
back in the '60's  wrote  *A Survey of Marxism: Problems in Philosophy and the 
Theory of History*  which was a reasonably competent survey exposition of 
Marxist thought with  particular emphasis on the intellectual development of 
Marx & Engels and on  Soviet philosophy. He also had some interesting things to 
say on the role  of Pavlov's psychology in Soviet Marxism-Leninism. The book 
cover's profile  of Gregor mentioned that he had published articles in Science 
& Society
 amongst other places which is curious given his far right associations. (He in 
fact during the same period also writing for Oswald Mosley's publication, The 
European). He  was also described as having served as a lecturer on Marxism for 
the Peace  Corps. Apparently this guy has always had interesting associations. 
On the  basis of a web search I learned that he is considered a leading 
revisionist  historian of Mussolini and Italian Fascism which he regards as 
having been  a genuinely revolutionary movement with a rigorous and compelling  
intellectual foundation. Apparently for Gregor, old Benito wasn't such a  bad 
guy. Gregor is also the author of a number of academic studies of US  foreign 
policy in relation to such areas as China and Taiwan and Yugoslavia.







Jim Farmelant
http://independent.academia.edu/JimFarmelant
http://www.foxymath.com 
Learn or Review Basic Math


-- Original Message --
From: Louis Proyect via Marxism <marxism@lists.csbs.utah.edu>
To: Jim Farmelant <farmela...@juno.com>
Subject: [Marxism] Fwd: How White Nationalists Hide in Academia | Alternet
Date: Sat, 6 Jan 2018 08:12:54 -0500

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Inside of the academy, many of these ideas flourished, so much so that 
when white nationalists took over the journal Population and 
Environment, few made headlines. From 1989 to 1999, the journal was 
edited by Virginia Abernethy, one of the most public white separatists 
in the country. Abernethy focused her career as a sociologist on 
"population politics," using coded language about "fertility rates" to 
argue for both the restriction of non-white populations and for white 
social control. She served on the board of the white nationalist 
American Freedom Party, serving as their vice-presidential candidate in 
the 2012 election. Her main political work seemed to be in Arizona 
working on the anti-immigration Proposition 200 with Protect Arizona Now.

full: 
https://www.alternet.org/right-wing/how-white-nationalists-hide-academia
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Re: [Marxism] Fwd: How White Nationalists Hide in Academia | Alternet

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Some of these guys have been around for a long time.

Kevin MacDonald is probably the world's leading proponent of "scientific 
antisemitism." He was a longtime psychology professor at  California State 
University in Long Beach. 
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/culturebox/2000/01/evolutionary_psychologys_antisemite.html

Then there is the case of retired Berkeley professor  A. James Gregor,  who 
back in the '60's  wrote  *A Survey of Marxism: Problems in Philosophy and the 
Theory of History*  which was a reasonably competent survey exposition of 
Marxist thought with  particular emphasis on the intellectual development of 
Marx & Engels and on  Soviet philosophy. He also had some interesting things to 
say on the role  of Pavlov's psychology in Soviet Marxism-Leninism. The book 
cover's profile  of Gregor mentioned that he had published articles in Science 
& Society
 amongst other places which is curious given his far right associations. (He in 
fact during the same period also writing for Oswald Mosley's publication, The 
European). He  was also described as having served as a lecturer on Marxism for 
the Peace  Corps. Apparently this guy has always had interesting associations. 
On the  basis of a web search I learned that he is considered a leading 
revisionist  historian of Mussolini and Italian Fascism which he regards as 
having been  a genuinely revolutionary movement with a rigorous and compelling  
intellectual foundation. Apparently for Gregor, old Benito wasn't such a  bad 
guy. Gregor is also the author of a number of academic studies of US  foreign 
policy in relation to such areas as China and Taiwan and Yugoslavia.







Jim Farmelant
http://independent.academia.edu/JimFarmelant
http://www.foxymath.com 
Learn or Review Basic Math


-- Original Message --
From: Louis Proyect via Marxism 
To: Jim Farmelant 
Subject: [Marxism] Fwd: How White Nationalists Hide in Academia | Alternet
Date: Sat, 6 Jan 2018 08:12:54 -0500

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Inside of the academy, many of these ideas flourished, so much so that 
when white nationalists took over the journal Population and 
Environment, few made headlines. From 1989 to 1999, the journal was 
edited by Virginia Abernethy, one of the most public white separatists 
in the country. Abernethy focused her career as a sociologist on 
"population politics," using coded language about "fertility rates" to 
argue for both the restriction of non-white populations and for white 
social control. She served on the board of the white nationalist 
American Freedom Party, serving as their vice-presidential candidate in 
the 2012 election. Her main political work seemed to be in Arizona 
working on the anti-immigration Proposition 200 with Protect Arizona Now.

full: 
https://www.alternet.org/right-wing/how-white-nationalists-hide-academia
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[Marxism] Have a Happy and Merry December 25

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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Today, the world pauses on the birthday of one of history's greatest 
men, whose teachings continue to benefit the entire human race, let us 
join in toasting the memory of Sir Isaac Newton, and of all the giants 
on whose shoulders he stood.


--
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Re: [Marxism] Doug Greene to lecture tomorrow on: "Blanqui, The Enlightenment & Comm unism Public" Hosted by Greater Boston Human

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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Here is the video of that lecture.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EVKoDtI-jis

Jim Farmelant
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-- Original Message --
From: Jim Farmelant via Marxism <marxism@lists.csbs.utah.edu>
Subject: Doug Greene to lecture tomorrow on: "Blanqui, The Enlightenment & Comm 
unism Public" Hosted by Greater Boston Human
Date: Fri, 8 Dec 2017 13:08:08 GMT

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Tomorrow at 1:30 PM - 4:30 PM
 
 
India Pavilion Restaurant
17 Central Sq, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
- Hosted by Greater Boston Humanists

https://www.facebook.com/events/129957954335837/

Jim Farmelant
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Re: [Marxism] [lbo-talk] Johanna Bockman - The Long Road to 1989 Neoclassical Economics, Altern ative Socialisms, and the Advent of Neoliberalism

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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As long as we are on the subject of Marxist theories of value versus 
that of the marginalists, I would also take note of the young Sidney 
Hook's defense of Marx's labor theory of value (LTV).


The young Sidney Hook in his 1933 book, Towards the Understanding ofKarl 
Marx, presented an interesting defense of the labor theory of value 
which contrasts with the more orthodox defenses that had been offered by 
people like Hilferding and Bukharin.to the issue of the LTV versus 
marginalism. He argued that from the standpoint of pure logic one cannot 
prove or disprove any theory of value. He drew an analogy with theories 
of geometry. Just as physical space can be described in terms of 
multiple systems of geometry (Euclidean, Lobachevskyian, Riemmanian 
etc.), so the same is true for the description of economic phenomena in 
terms of multiple theories of value.


Experience cannot disprove any given geometric system, only make 
description in terms of a system, more or less complex. For the 
physicist, that geometric system, will be "true," to the extent that it 
in combination with other physical hypotheses, yields the simplest 
description of his experimental findings. However, to the extent that 
experimental control is not in question, the physicist can always save 
the appearances by introducing subsidiary assumptions and ad hoc 
hypotheses so that he can describe physical reality in terms of any 
geometric system that he chooses. Hook contended that the same was true 
for theories of economic value as well.


He argued that economic reality can be described in either marginalist 
terms or in terms of Marx's LTV. In either case, the economist must 
necessarily rely upon subsidiary hypotheses, such that it is not 
possible to refute either Marxian value theory or marginalism on the 
basis of empirical observations. And Hook argued that Marx in *Capital* 
anticipated all of the major objections to LTV. In any case, LTV can 
with sufficient tweaking of subsidiary hypotheses, always be saved from 
refutation. And in any case, neither LTV nor any other alternative 
theory possesses any predictive power.


But then Hook asks, if it is the case that we can always save LTV 
fromempirical refutation, why would we want to save it. And his answer 
wasbecause LTV is ultimately not a Sorelian myth or an ideology but is 
"theself-conscious theoretical expression of the practical activity of 
the working class engaged in a continuous struggle for a higher standard 
ofliving - a struggle which reaches its culmination in social 
revolution. . .To the extent that economic phenomena are removed from 
the influences of the class struggle, the analytical explanations in 
terms of the labor theory of value grow more and more difficult. The 
labor theory of value is worth saving if the struggle against capitalism 
is worth the fight."


Hook's 1933 defense of the labor theory of value contrasts with the more 
orthodox defenses that had been offered by people like Hilferding and 
Bukharin. Both Hilferding and Bukharin had written in response 
toBöhm-Bawerk's famous critique of Marx, Karl Marx and the Close of His 
System.
https://www.marxists.org/subject/economy/authors/bohm/ 




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On 12/4/2017 8:03 AM, Jim Farmelant wrote:


Social scientists have explained the turn to neoliberal capitalism by looking not 
only to the economic classes seeking this new form of capitalism but also to the 
ideologies these groups use both to envision this new form and to convince others 
of its necessity and desirability. Given the economic nature of neoliberal 
ideology, economists have been given primary place as the creators and often as the 
propagators of neoliberal ideology. Some social scientists have argued that right-  
wing econo-mists such as Milton Friedman and Friedrich von Hayek successfully 
mobilized right-  wing think tanks, associations, and economics departments and 
converted policy makers to their free- market worldview. Others have argued that 
mainstream economists more generally have, intentionally or unintentionally, spread 
neoliberal policies through their professional neoclassical economics, which acts 
as a kind of neoliberal capitalist Trojan horse. Another set of works shows that 
economists with U.S. neoclassical training have gained powerful 

Doug Greene to lecture tomorrow on: "Blanqui, The Enlightenment & Comm unism Public"� Hosted by Greater Boston Human

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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Tomorrow at 1:30 PM - 4:30 PM
 
 
India Pavilion Restaurant
17 Central Sq, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
- Hosted by Greater Boston Humanists

https://www.facebook.com/events/129957954335837/

Jim Farmelant
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http://www.foxymath.com 
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[Marxism] Johanna Bockman - The Long Road to 1989 Neoclassical Economics, Altern ative Socialisms, and the Advent of Neoliberalism

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Social scientists have explained the turn to neoliberal capitalism by looking 
not only to the economic classes seeking this new form of capitalism but also 
to the ideologies these groups use both to envision this new form and to 
convince others of its necessity and desirability. Given the economic nature of 
neoliberal ideology, economists have been given primary place as the creators 
and often as the propagators of neoliberal ideology. Some social scientists 
have argued that right-  wing econo-mists such as Milton Friedman and Friedrich 
von Hayek successfully mobilized right-  wing think tanks, associations, and 
economics departments and converted policy makers to their free- market 
worldview. Others have argued that mainstream economists more generally have, 
intentionally or unintentionally, spread neoliberal policies through their 
professional neoclassical economics, which acts as a kind of neoliberal 
capitalist Trojan horse. Another set of works shows that economists with U.S. 
neoclassical training have gained powerful positions in international 
nancial institutions, such as the World Bank and the IMF, which impose 
neoliberal ideas on countries around the globe and support the formation of 
neoliberal advocates world- wide.However, scholars have not adequately 
understood mainstream economists’ professional ideas. Mainstream economics has 
a much more tenuous connection not only to neoliberalism, but even to 
capitalism, than is generally thought.

https://www.academia.edu/7103289/The_Long_Road_to_1989_Neoclassical_Economics_Alternative_Socialisms_and_the_Advent_of_Neoliberalism




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After Weeks Of Rumors, Joanna Gaines Comes Clean
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Re: [Marxism] Vera Shlakman, Professor Fired During Red Scare, Dies at 108

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-- Original Message --
From: Louis Proyect via Marxism 
Subject: [Marxism] Vera Shlakman, Professor Fired During Red Scare, Dies at 108
Date: Tue, 28 Nov 2017 10:25:02 -0500


---
But when she was summoned before a public hearing of the Senate Internal 
Security Subcommittee, led by Senator McCarran, a Nevada Democrat, Dr. 
Shlakman invoked her constitutional guarantees of free speech and 
privilege against self-incrimination when asked about her membership in 
the Communist Party.

“Do you believe that a member of the Communist Party can be a college 
teacher?” Robert J. Morris, the subcommittee counsel, asked Dr. Shlakman 
at the hearing, held on Sept. 24, 1952, at the United States Court House 
in Foley Square in Manhattan.
---

Robert Morri's line of questioning seems to reflect the sorts of arguments that 
the ex-Marxist philosopher Sidney Hook presented in his NT Times article (later 
expanded into a book), "Heresy, Yes – But Conspiracy, No." 
(https://www.dissentmagazine.org/wp-content/files_mf/1390433798d15Hook.pdf). 
And her reply - 

 “I think that any teacher must be judged on the basis of his performance in 
the classrooms; that if a teacher follows professional standards in the 
classroom, and is a scholar, he is entitled to teach as any citizen.”

- is the standard rejoinder to Hook on that issue.

And there is also her response that speculations, similar to those concerning 
the fitness Communists to teach in universities,  had been raised against 
devout Roman Catholics. That response was particularly a propos, since Sidney 
Hook in his book, Reason, Social Myths and Democracy, had written that: " 
Catholicism is the oldest and greatest totalitarian movement in history."





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[Marxism] Behaviorology and Dialectical Materialism: On the Way to Dialogue (from Operants - Issue III 2017 (http://www.bfskinner.org/behavioral-science/operants/)

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Behaviorology and Dialectical Materialism: On the Way to Dialogue

Alexander A. Fedorov, PhD

Alexandr Fedorov is the associate professor and chair of Clinical
Psychology at the Institute of Medicine and Psychology of Novosibirsk
State University in Novosibirsk, Russia. He received his doctorate from
Tomsk State University in 2013. His PhD research was focused on the
status and position of psychology within the major classifications of
the sciences of the XIX century. Since 2002, he has lived and worked in
Novosibirsk, Russia. He translated into Russian two significant works of
B. F. Skinner (“Beyond Freedom and Dignity” and
“Science and Human Behavior”) and several canonical articles, including
“Behaviorism at Fifty”. He is also an author of numerous articles in the
Russian language focused on theoretical problems of behaviorology and
psychology.

Every science needs philosophy. Perhaps, it is true that in the laboratory
we are neither idealists nor empiricists nor dialectical materialists, but
experimentalists, but as Skinner wrote, “a theory is never overthrown
by facts, but only by another theory.” A theory underlies facts, and
philosophy underlies a theory. Therefore, philosophy is inescapable, and
behaviorology is forced to seek after its philosophy as any other science.
Following Ernest A. Vargas, we define behaviorology as science that
addresses the contingent relations between actions and other events. He also 
makes a
very significant remark that “Its Skinnerian contingency-based framework of
interpretation, with its firm exclusion of agency, distinguishes
behaviorology from other sciences of behavior”

There are many interpretations of Skinner’s works, and behavioral
materialism is the most authentic one. My main thesis is that dialectical
materialism is compatible with behaviorology, but there are some problems here.

a) Firstly, dialectical materialists are often inclined to interpret Skinner’s 
theory as mechanistic materialism. They are obviously wrong in this case.

b) Secondly, there are a lot of forms of dialectical
materialism, and some of them are even incompatible
with materialism itself. Many dialectic materialists
in-cautiously use traditional psychological terms
(mind, consciousness, motive and so on), and this
leads to a mess. Some consider dialectical materialism
as a form of contextualism. We also know that
contextualistic interpretations of radical behaviorism
exist too. Nevertheless, it was Watson who fairly stated,
“behaviorism is new wine that cannot be poured into
old bottles.” This is also true in respect to dialectical
materialism (in behavioral sciences especially). It needs a
new vocabulary, and Skinner’s theory can provide it.
So, what is dialectical materialism? “Dialectical” means (1) that the
universe as an integral whole in which things are interdependent rather
than a mixture of things isolated from each other, and (2) that the material
world is in a state of constant motion. “Materialism” holds that the only thing 
that
exists is matter. Dialectical materialism combines the elements of naturalism
of Marx, Hegelian philosophy and French positivism.

What does dialectical materialism mean in the behavioral sciences? It
is fallacious to believe that it is the direct application of the theory
of dialectical materialism to the problems of behavior. As Lev Vygotsky wrote, 
“we are in
need of an as yet undeveloped but inevitable theory of biological
materialism and psychological materialism as an intermediate science which 
explains the
concrete application of the abstract theses of dialectical materialism
to the given field of phenomena.” Vygotsky fell into a net of traditional
terms, but his main idea is clear. Dialectical materialism in behavioral 
sciences is
behavioral materialism. By some amazing fluke, behaviorologists gave the same 
name
to the scientific philosophy underlying behaviorology. In his writings
Jerome Ulman suggests the following terms: scientific materialism (the 
materialist
Operants 27 orientation among natural scientists), selectionistic
materialism (the materialist orientation among researchers in
the life sciences); and behavioral materialism (the materialist
orientation in behaviorology).

For true dialectical materialists, attributes
“dialectical-materialist” or “Marxist” in fact means
“scientific”. For example, Vygotsky wrote, “everything
that was and is genuinely scientific belongs to Marxist
psychology. This concept is broader than the concept
of school or even current. It coincides with the concept
scientific per se, no matter where and by whom it may have
been developed.”

[Marxism] Doug Greene to speak on "Blanqui: the French Enlightenment and Communism" at the Greater Boston Humanists

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Communist historian, Doug Greene to speak  on  "Blanqui: the French 
Enlightenment and Communism" at the Greater Boston Humanists, on 
December 9, at 1:30 PM.


At the*India Pavillion in Central Square Cambridge*(vegetarian options, 
only $14 per person for all you care to eat). Parking in Cambridge is 
via metered street parking, and several garages and lots in Central 
Square including several just steps away on Green Street. MBTA red line 
Central Square station and associated bus stops are also within the block.


https://www.meetup.com/GreaterBostonHumanists/events/244941708/


--
Jim Farmelant
http://independent.academia.edu/JimFarmelant
http://www.foxymath.com
Learn or Review Basic Math


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[Marxism] Communist Insurgent: Blanqui's Politics of Revolution

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Former(?) Marxmailer, Doug Greene's book, Communist Insurgent: Blanqui's 
Politics of Revolution, published by Haymarket Books has just come out.


https://www.haymarketbooks.org/books/697-communist-insurgent

https://www.amazon.com/Communist-Insurgent-Blanquis-Politics-Revolution/dp/1608464725/ref=cm_cr_srp_d_product_top?ie=UTF8

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[Marxism] When New York City Was the Capital of American Communism

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https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/20/opinion/new-york-american-communism.html

The Brooklyn-born playwright and critic Lionel Abel, who cut his 
political teeth in left-wing circles in Greenwich Village in the 1930s, 
remarked in his memoirs that during the Depression years, New York City 
“went to Russia and spent most of the decade there.” Leaving aside Mr. 
Abel’s taste for the mordant, he had a point.


For a few decades — from the 1930s until Communism’s demise as an 
effective political force in the 1950s — New York City was the one place 
where American communists came close to enjoying the status of a mass 
movement. Party members could live in a milieu where co-workers, 
neighbors and the family dentist were fellow Communists; they bought 
life insurance policies (excellent value for money) from 
party-controlled fraternal organizations; they could even spend their 
evenings out in night clubs run by Communist sympathizers (like the 
ironically named Café Society on Sheridan Square in Greenwich Village, a 
showcase for up-and-coming black performers like Billie Holliday).


What became the Communist Party U.S.A. (its name varied in the early 
years) was founded in Chicago in 1919 and, following a period of 
underground organization, opened its national headquarters in that city 
in 1921. But the bulk of the movement’s members were in New York, and in 
1927 Communist headquarters were shifted to a party-owned building in 
Manhattan, at 35 East 12th Street, one block south of Union Square. (The 
building still stands, although under new ownership, and in what has 
evolved into a considerably less proletarian neighborhood than in the 
old days.)


New York would remain the capital city of American Communism from then 
on. Leading communists, including such figures as William Z. Foster and 
Earl Browder, had their offices on the top floor of the 12th Street 
building; accordingly, within the movement, it became the custom to 
refer to party leadership as the “ninth floor.” (And, for some reason, 
even in non- and anti-Communist left-wing circles, “the party” was 
always understood to refer to the Communists, rather than any rival 
organizations.)


Immigrants, many of them of Eastern European Jewish background, provided 
the main social base for the party in New York City in the 1920s:As late 
as 1931, four-fifths of the Communists living in the city were foreign-born.


Of course, immigrant radicalism was nothing new in New York. The 
socialist leader Morris Hillquit, born in Riga, Latvia, won more than a 
fifth of the votes cast in the 1917 mayoral election. Socialists 
initially hailed the news of the Bolshevik Revolution, but many of them 
— except for those who left to become Communists — came in time to 
understand and oppose the Soviet regime’s abandonment of the left’s 
traditional democratic and egalitarian ideals.


Neither of the two main rival left-wing parties, Socialists or 
Communists, enjoyed much success in the 1920s. But with the onset of the 
Great Depression, Socialists were poised once again to become the 
dominant party on the left. In the 1932 presidential election, the 
Socialist candidate, Norman Thomas, won almost nine times the votes that 
the Communist candidate, Mr. Foster, received. (Neither of them had a 
fraction of the support of the actual winner, Franklin D. Roosevelt.)


But the balance of power on the left was about to change, and nowhere 
would that change make itself felt more dramatically than in New York. 
With the Depression spiraling out of control in the early 1930s, the 
Soviet Union began to be viewed in a new and more sympathetic light by 
millions of people around the world, including many in the United 
States. The “workers’ state” with its planned economy, viewed at a hazy 
distance and with a lot of wishful thinking, seemed to offer a desirable 
alternative to the cruel irrationality of a failed capitalist system, 
with its mass unemployment and widespread social misery.



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[Marxism] On the political life of J. D. Bernal, who was a crystallographer and a founding father of molecular biology.

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https://mronline.org/2017/10/12/red-scientist-two-strands-from-a-life-in-three-colours/

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Re: [Marxism] Fwd: The centrally planned economy, Hayek, and the red s pot of Jupiter. Cold and dark stars

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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Over on my FB wall, concerning Hayek,  someone once remarked:

"I made it halfway through The Road to Serfdom (unabridged, with all the barbs 
directed at now forgotten supporters of social welfare in the UK left in to 
show it's a much more focused polemical work) before tossing it across the 
room. The straw that broke the camel's back was his contention that firms 
*internally* work like markets. I'm like, OK, he's never had to work for the 
private sector, and said fuck him."

I remarked that Hayek should have read some Ronald Coase. 
https://msuweb.montclair.edu/~lebelp/CoaseNatFirmEc1937.pdf

As Coase pointed out, firms internally DO NOT work like markets and Coase makes 
the argument why that should be rational behavior on their part, and more 
importantly, why firms should exist in the first place within a market economy.

Also, it should be pointed out that when he wrote that, Coase was a socialist 
(he would later become a conservative). He was a close friend of Abba Lerner, 
and like Lerner, was at that time very much interested in the "socialist 
calculation" debate.

One of his concerns at that time was to show how to reconcile the apparent 
economic success of the Soviet Union with the neoclassical economics that he 
was committed to. His paper, "The Nature of the Firm" sketches out the kind of 
economic reasoning which could reconcile support for socialist economic 
planning with a commitment to neoclassical economic theory. For Coase, the key 
concept here was that of "transaction costs", which denoted the costs incurred 
by relying on the market and price system for organizing economic activity. 
It's precisely because transaction costs are often of significant size that 
people turn away from direct reliance upon the market and price system. Coase 
also used the concept of transaction costs in his famous 1960 paper, "The 
Problem of Social Cost", where he presented what has come to be known as 
"Coase's Theorem."
http://bev.berkeley.edu/ipe/readings/The%20Problem%20of%20Social%20Cost.pdf

 Coase's Theorem has often been taken as constituting some sort of refutation 
of A. C. Pigou's analysis of externalities. But Coase himself insisted that in 
most cases involving environmental pollution and probably for most other kinds 
of externalities, the relevant transaction costs are of significant size, in 
which case, Pigou comes back into his own again. It is interesting to note that 
both Oskar Lange and Maurice Dobb used Pigou's analysis of externalities to 
make their cases for socialist economic planning. And the young Ronald Coase 
himself had been supportive of socialist economic planning precisely because he 
believed in the existence of high transaction costs.

 And in his Nobel Lecture, Coase admitted as much concerning his own history:

"The view of the pricing system as a co-ordinating mechanism was clearly right 
but there were aspects of the argument which troubled me. Plant was opposed to 
all schemes, then very fashionable during the Great Depression, for the 
co-ordination of industrial production by some form of planning. Competition, 
according to Plant, acting through a system of prices, would do all the 
co-ordination necessary. And yet we had a factor of production, management, 
whose function was to co-ordinate. Why was it needed if the pricing system 
provided all the co-ordination necessary? The same problem presented itself to 
me at that time in another guise. The Russian Revolution had taken place only 
fourteen years earlier. We knew then very little about how planning would 
actually be carried out in a communist system. Lenin had said that the economic 
system in Russia would be run as one big factory. However, many economists in 
the West maintained that this was an impossibility. And yet there were factori
 es in the West and some of them were extremely large. How did one reconcile 
the views expressed by economists on the role of the pricing system and the 
impossibility of successful central economic planning with the existence of 
management and of these apparently planned societies, firms, operating within 
our own economy?"
https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1991/coase-lecture.html

BTW I should point out that the young Ronald Coase had studied economics at the 
London School of Economics where he attended the famous lecture course that was 
taught jointly by Lionel Robbins and Friedrich Hayek, so he had absorbed many 
of Hayek's thought concerning how the price system works but which he had used 
to reach conclusions at variance with Hayek.


Jim Farmelant
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Re: [Marxism] Fwd: The centrally planned economy, Hayek, and the red s pot of Jupiter. � Cold and dark stars

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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I  am a co-author of an article on Hayek, which includes an appendix on the 
socialist calculation debates, including both the well known debate  between 
Friedrich Hayek and Oskar Lange, as well as the less well known debate between 
Hayek and Otto Neurath. BTW the whole debate was triggered in the first place 
when Hayek's teacher and mentor, Ludwig von Mises, wrote his essay, 
"Calculation in the socialist commonwealth" in response to Neurath's writings 
in defense of socialist economic planning.
https://www.academia.edu/3291616/The_Strange_Case_of_Dr._Hayek_and_Mr._Hayek

Also, see this past post in Marxmail.
http://marxism.csbs.utah.narkive.com/foQvPPVj/hayek-and-trotsky




Jim Farmelant
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-- Original Message --
From: Louis Proyect via Marxism 
Subject: [Marxism] Fwd: The centrally planned economy, Hayek, and the red spot 
of Jupiter. – Cold and dark stars
Date: Fri, 13 Oct 2017 15:23:52 -0400

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https://colddarkstars.wordpress.com/2017/10/13/the-centrally-planned-economy-hayek-and-the-red-spot-of-jupiter/
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[Marxism] Anne Wiazemsky, RIP

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/oct/05/anne-wiazemsky-french-actor-novelist-and-muse-to-jean-luc-godard-dies-aged-70

Anne Wiazemsky, the actor best known for her appearances in films of the French 
Nouvelle Vague and marriage to director Jean-Luc Godard, has died aged 70 after 
a battle with cancer. “Anne died this morning. She had been very sick,” her 
brother Pierre told AFP.

Born in Berlin in 1947, Wiazemsky was the granddaughter of novelist and Nobel 
literature laureate François Mauriac. At 18, she made her debut in Robert 
Bresson’s celebrated 1966 film Au Hasard Balthazar, about a farm girl’s 
relationship with her pet donkey. During the film’s production Bresson became 
obsessed with Wiazemsky, regularly propositioning her on set. “At first, he 
would content himself by holding my arm, or stroking my cheek. But then came 
the disagreeable moment when he would try to kiss me ... I would push him away 
and he wouldn’t insist, but he looked so unhappy that I always felt guilty,” 
she recalls in her memoir Jeune Fille.

A year later Wiazemsky met Godard, at the time at the height of his fame, and 
appeared in his 1967 film La Chinoise, a tale of Maoist revolutionaries living 
in Paris. The pair married during the film’s production, and Wiazemsky went on 
to appear in other Godard films, including black comedy Weekend and One Plus 
One, an agitprop collage that featured scenes of the Rolling Stones recording 
Sympathy for the Devil interspersed with documentary footage of revolutionary 
insurrection. Yet, as Godard became more immersed in the social uprising in 
France and elsewhere in 1968, the marriage became strained. “The further it 
went on, the more our paths diverged,” she told AFP in an interview earlier 
this year. The pair divorced in 1979.

Wiazemsky continued to perform in films, most notably alongside Terence Stamp 
in Pier Paolo Pasolini’s Italian arthouse work Theorem. The film was banned for 
obscenity in Italy in 1968 for its story of a mysterious stranger who seduces a 
whole family.

In her later years Wiazemsky published more than a dozen novels, including 
2015’s Un an après, about her relationship with Godard. The book became the 
basis for Michel Hazanavicius’s Redoubtable, and one of Wiazemsky’s last public 
appearances was at the film’s premiere at the Cannes film festival in May. 
According to Hazanavicius, Wiazemsky was reluctant to allow him to adapt her 
book but relented when he said that the film would be funny. “She said, ‘I 
think it was a funny relationship and a funny time,’” Hazanavicius recalled.




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Even in Death, the Spy Kim Philby Serves the Kremlin�s Purposes (NY Ti mes)

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https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/01/world/europe/russia-kim-philby-spy-defector.html

 
Even in Death, the Spy Kim Philby Serves the Kremlin’s Purposes
By ANDREW HIGGINS OCT. 1, 2017
 

A new portrait of the British double agent Kim Philby, second from right, at a 
state art gallery in Moscow. Mr. Philby defected to the Soviet Union from 
Britain in 1963. Credit James Hill for The New York Times
MOSCOW — Bereft of friends in Western capitals since its 2014 annexation of 
Crimea, Russia is celebrating the memory of the British K.G.B. spy Kim Philby, 
a stalwart supporter who stood by it through thick and thin – and spent the 
last 25 years of his life in Moscow, often drunk and miserable but still loyal.

Mr. Philby, a notorious double-agent who defected to Moscow in 1963 and died 
there in 1988, was recently honored with a portrait in a Russian state art 
gallery and is celebrated in a soon-to-be broadcast film on state television.

The adulation has now reached a new level with the opening of an exhibition in 
Moscow on the life and work of the best-known of the so-called Cambridge Five 
Soviet spies in Britain. It portrays Mr. Philby as an unwavering Russian 
patriot, and it includes the first public display of some of the more than 900 
secret British documents he passed on to the K.G.B., the Soviet-era spy agency.

The burst of tributes to Mr. Philby reinforces an escalating campaign by the 
Kremlin to burnish the image of the K.G.B., the former employer of President 
Vladimir V. Putin and many of his senior officials, and to make loyalty to the 
state the bedrock of Russia’s resurgence as a great power.


Items from Mr. Philby’s personal collection and from the K.G.B. on display at 
an exhibition in Moscow organized by the Russian Historical Society. Credit 
James Hill for The New York Times
Portraying Russia’s secret police officers as selfless public servants rather 
than lawless goons, however, has sometimes been an uphill struggle. Their 
public image took a big hit this week when Russian media reported that a 
Mercedes car driven by an officer in the Federal Security Service, the 
successor to the domestic branch of the K.G.B., had rammed a traffic police 
officer at high speed in central Moscow and killed him.


Mr. Philby, highly educated, well spoken and driven by hostility to fascism 
rather than by greed, fits perfectly with the image that Soviet and Russian 
intelligence operatives have of themselves. “He was an idealist,” said Mikhail 
P. Lyubimov, a former K.G.B. officer in London who saw Mr. Philby frequently in 
Moscow after his defection. “I knew him quite well. His idea was that he was 
not serving Stalin but the people.”

The Philby exhibition, which opened just a few days after the unveiling in 
Moscow of a giant statue in honor of the inventor of the Kalashnikov automatic 
rifle, is “all part of the drive to create a national idea that revolves around 
the military and special services,” said Mark Galeotti, a researcher on Russian 
security and intelligence issues at the Institute of International Relations in 
Prague.

Mr. Gaelotti said the celebration of Mr. Philby’s exploits also fit into 
efforts by security service veterans to rehabilitate the reputation of Felix E. 
Dzerzhinsky, the ruthless founder of the Soviet security apparatus whose statue 
in front of Lubyanka, the headquarters of the Soviet K.G.B., was toppled by 
pro-democracy protesters in 1991.

Among Mr. Philby’s personal papers now on display is the handwritten text of a 
message he sent to K.G.B. officers in 1977, the 100th anniversary of 
Dzerzhinsky’s birth. Hailing Dzerzhinsky as “your great founder,” he wished 
Soviet secret service officers “every success in your important and responsible 
labors” and expressed hope that “may we all live to see the red flag flying on 
Buckingham Palace and the White House.”


The British double agent Kim Philby during a news conference in London in 1955. 
An exhibition in Moscow includes the first public display of some of the more 
than 900 secret British documents he passed to the K.G.B. Credit Associated 
Press
Mr. Philby, a senior officer in Britain’s Secret Intelligence Service, the 
intelligence agency also known as MI6, started working for Soviet intelligence 
in 1934 after falling in love with a young Austrian communist in Vienna. But 
while Mr. Philby’s 54 years of service to the K.G.B. were largely driven by an 
ideological commitment to Marxism, the spy has been rebranded as a Russian 
patriot.

The Moscow exhibition, which also includes Mr. Philby’s favorite pipe and 
armchair, along with other homey personal knickknacks, presents Mr. Philby as a 

Re: [Marxism] "Why George Bernard Shaw Had a Crush on Stalin"

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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-- Original Message --
From: Gary MacLennan via Marxism 
To: Jim Farmelant 
Subject: Re: [Marxism] "Why George Bernard Shaw Had a Crush on Stalin"
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2017 19:31:26 +1000

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Someone once said (was it Malcolm Muggeridge?) that Shaw was more
intelligent than wise. How apt.

Comradely

Gary


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<#DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2>

On Tue, Sep 12, 2017 at 10:22 PM, Andrew Pollack via Marxism <
marxism@lists.csbs.utah.edu> wrote:

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>
> https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/11/opinion/why-george-
> bernard-shaw-had-a-crush-on-stalin.html
>
> The analysis doesn't go very deep, but IMO we should use this op-ed to
> lobby the publisher of Paul's book on the subject to put it back in print.
>
> Paul Flewers, The New Civilisation?: Understanding Stalin's Soviet Union
> 1929-1941
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Re: [Marxism] "Why George Bernard Shaw Had a Crush on Stalin"

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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-- Original Message --
From: Gary MacLennan via Marxism 
To: Jim Farmelant 
Subject: Re: [Marxism] "Why George Bernard Shaw Had a Crush on Stalin"
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2017 19:31:26 +1000

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Someone once said (was it Malcolm Muggeridge?) that Shaw was more
intelligent than wise. How apt.

Comradely

Gary


Virus-free.
www.avg.com

<#DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2>

On Tue, Sep 12, 2017 at 10:22 PM, Andrew Pollack via Marxism <
marxism@lists.csbs.utah.edu> wrote:

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>
> https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/11/opinion/why-george-
> bernard-shaw-had-a-crush-on-stalin.html
>
> The analysis doesn't go very deep, but IMO we should use this op-ed to
> lobby the publisher of Paul's book on the subject to put it back in print.
>
> Paul Flewers, The New Civilisation?: Understanding Stalin's Soviet Union
> 1929-1941
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Re: [Marxism] Attack on Darwin

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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A. N. Wison is a curious character.  Back in the 1970's, he first made his name 
as one of the Young Fogeys. For a long time, he was known as a religious man, 
and indeed, at one point, he began studies to prepare to become an Anglican 
priest, but he dropped out.

By the early 1990's, when atheism started to become fashionable in the UK, he 
announced himself as being an atheist, and wrote a number of books, article, 
and pamphlets on behalf of atheism.  More recently, he has announced his 
re-conversion back to Christianity. 

Jim Farmelant
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-- Original Message --
From: Gregory Adler via Marxism 
Subject: [Marxism] Attack on Darwin
Date: Thu, 7 Sep 2017 16:39:31 +1000

 

The continued drive to discredit Darwin and his central contribution to our
understanding of evolution and its driving forces strikes me as analogous
to the attacks of Steadman et al on Marx. These attempts to shade our
understanding in the interrelated fields of science and political economy
go along with the increasing dominance of the reactionary undergrowth in
what is taken to be normal politics. Although I am sure that Wilson
expresses himself much more eloquently than Trump.

http://www.newstatesman.com/culture/books/2017/08/wilson-makes-unconvincing-attempt-kick-darwin-his-throne
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Re: [Marxism] Ellen Ullman�s New Book Tackles Tech�s Woman Problem

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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We should keep in mind that computer programming in its early days was a much 
more women-friendly field than it is nowadays.

I was reminded of this by the passing of Jean Sammet in June. (See her NY Times 
obit at: 
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/04/technology/obituary-jean-sammet-software-designer-cobol.html)


That  obit was a reminder to me that in the early days of computing, the 
programming world was very much a woman’s world. Most of the early programmers 
were women, like Sammet and Admiral Grace Hopper, under whom Sammet had worked 
when developing COBOL. That was because during the Second World War, defense 
labs around the country hired young women who were either math or science 
graduates to work as computers. In those days, a computer was a human being 
whose job it was to crank out complex calculations for things like artillery 
tables. That sort of work required people who were proficient in math and who 
could put up with the tedium of doing complex and laborious calculations. Since 
most of the male math or science graduates were in the service at that time, 
young women were hired to do this work. When the first electronic digital 
computers were built, some of these young women were redeployed to write 
programs for the newfangled machines. So most of the early programmers were 
women.

Back in the early days of computer programming, it was common for scientists 
and engineers to look down upon the field as glorified clerical work. The 
profession back then was not very prestigious and the pay was not terribly 
high. By the late 1960's, there was a push to re-conceptualize programming as 
an engineering discipline - software engineering, and to redesignate 
programmers as "software engineers." Margaret Hamilton, who had headed the 
software development group for Project Apollo (her group wrote the software 
that enabled men to land on the moon), was one of the leaders of that effort. 
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Hamilton_(scientist))

I have at home a volume of the papers from the  NATO Software Engineering 
Conferences of 1968 and 1969. Those two conferences helped to gain general 
acceptance for use of the term software engineering. Curiously enough, I have 
not been able to find any mention of Margaret Hamilton in those papers. Then 
again, most of those papers were written by male academics.

One consequence of the reconceptualization of programming as an engineering 
discipline was an increase in its prestige and status, thus making a field that 
was seen as eminently suitable for men, who now flocked into the field. By the 
late 1970's/early 1980's, most universities now had computer science 
departments and were now offering degree programs in computer science. Most of 
the computer science students were men. Despite efforts to encourage female 
students to study computer science, female enrollments for computer science 
degrees have been stagnant for many years.

Jim Farmelant
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-- Original Message --
From: "Louis N. Proyect via Marxism" 
Subject: [Marxism] Ellen Ullman’s New Book Tackles Tech’s Woman Problem
Date: Sun, 20 Aug 2017 12:27:17 -0400


(Ellen Ullman's 1997 book "Close to the Machine" was really good. She
started out as a Cobol programmer just like me back when a college
degree was all you needed. I should have written something like this
long ago but it would take time away from film reviews, critique of
the Brenner thesis and a hundred other topics.)

NY Times Sunday Book Review, August 20 2017
Ellen Ullman’s New Book Tackles Tech’s Woman Problem
By J. D. BIERSDORFER

LIFE IN CODE
A Personal History of Technology
By Ellen Ullman
Illustrated. 306 pp. Farrar, Straus & Giroux. $27


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Re: [Marxism] Sigmund Fraud?

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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The issue of the scientific status of psychoanalysis is one that has long been 
debated by Marxists, just as it has long been debated by non-Marxists.

In the Soviet Union, psychoanalysis flourished through the 1920's, into the 
early 1930's. During that period it had some powerful sympathizers like Leon 
Trotsky and Nikolai Bukharin, and it intrigued many Soviet psychologists and 
psychiatrists including the young Lev Vygotsky and the young Alexander Luria. 
Later, under Stalin, it was basically banned, and so remained, pretty much into 
the Gorbachev years.

The official Soviet position became one which portrayed the work of Freud and 
his disciples and rivals within the field as being unscientific and politically 
reactionary. 

This official Soviet position contrasted with Trotsky's position which looked 
forward to a merger of the experimentally based psychology that Pavlov and his 
students had created with psychoanalysis. 

In this country, the CPUSA had rather interesting attitudes towards 
psychoanalysis. There was a current of opinion within the Party that was quite 
hostile towards psychoanalysis, as represented for instance in Harry K. Wells's 
books on Freud and Pavlov. Wells, much like the Soviets, viewed the work of 
Pavlov and his disciples as providing the only basis for a psychology that was 
both scientific and politically progressive. Freud's work was blasted by Wells 
as being unscientific and reactionary.

On the other hand, it was no secret that many Party members did go to 
psychoanalysts. In fact during the McCarthy period, the FBI managed to  turn  
at least one of these psychoanalysts into an informant for them.

Trotsky's more sympathetic view of psychoanalysis was not too different from 
the one that certain American behaviorists have taken, such as John Dollard and 
Neal Miller, in their book, Personality and Psychotherapy: An Analysis in Terms 
of Learning, Thinking, and Culture, or that B. F. Skinner took in his book, 
Science and Human Behavior. For these behaviorists, psychoanalysis was seen as 
providing a set of perspectives and speculations which, over time, might be 
integrated or absorbed into a scientific, experimentally-based psychology. 

In the English-speaking world, for a long time much of the debate among 
philosophers over the scientific status of psychoanalysis centered around the 
issue of falsifiability.

The issue of falsifiability turned out to be a rather complex one. Karl Popper 
had contended that both psychoanalysis and Marxism were not falsifiable, and 
hence, were of dubious scientific status. In the case of Marxism, Popper had 
argued that it originally was falsifiable, and, hence, scientific, when it was 
initially developed by Marx & Engels. But that as predictions that they had 
made were subsequently falsified, Marxists responded by altering the theory so 
that it could no longer be falsified. Therefore, Popper contended, Marxism 
ceased to be scientific. 

In the case of psychoanalysis, Popper argued that it was unfalsifiable from the 
get-go. Thus, it was never a real science.

It is interesting to note that some Marxists have agreed with Popper on 
psychoanalysis, while presumably disagreeing with him concerning Marxism. Thus, 
Sebastiano Timpanaro in his book, The Freudian Slip, concurred with Karl Popper 
(and Ernst Nagel, and Sidney Hook), concerning the scientific status of 
psychoanalysis. In other words, he agreed with them that psychoanalysis was not 
falsifiable, hence, not scientific. And he proposed an alternative account to 
Freud's concerning phenomena like slips of the tongue that would be based on 
his own training in philology. This alternative account he maintained would be 
falsifiable, and thus, scientific.


Jim Farmelant
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-- Original Message --
From: Louis Proyect via Marxism 
Subject: [Marxism] Sigmund Fraud?
Date: Tue, 15 Aug 2017 08:17:20 -0400

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THE CHRONICLE REVIEW
Sigmund Fraud?
Frederick Crews’s capstone biography offers a most unflattering case history
By Alexander C. Kafka AUGUST 14, 2017


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Re: [Marxism] Fwd: British Capitalist Class, Corbyn and Momentum: Upda te from Britain

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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I suppose if Corbyn become PM we might get to see something like this playout 
in real life.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Very_British_Coup

Jim Farmelant
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-- Original Message --
From: Louis Proyect via Marxism 
To: Jim Farmelant 
Subject: [Marxism] Fwd: British Capitalist Class, Corbyn and Momentum: Update 
from Britain
Date: Sun, 9 Jul 2017 13:40:55 -0400

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http://www.thenorthstar.info/?p=13572
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[Marxism] Doug Greene, The Oath: The Story of the Jewish Bund

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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In the early twentieth century, the largest socialist organization in Russia 
was the Jewish Bund, numbering tens of thousands, who were willing to fight, 
arms in hand, for the liberation of Jews. While the Bund fostered the national 
identity and dignity of Russian Jews, they were also committed Marxists, who 
viewed Jewish emancipation as intimately linked to a worldwide socialist 
revolution.

Continued at:
http://leftvoice.org/The-Oath-The-Story-of-the-Jewish-Bund?var_mode=calcul



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[Marxism] Doug Greene, The Oath: The Story of the Jewish Bund

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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In the early twentieth century, the largest socialist organization in Russia 
was the Jewish Bund, numbering tens of thousands, who were willing to fight, 
arms in hand, for the liberation of Jews. While the Bund fostered the national 
identity and dignity of Russian Jews, they were also committed Marxists, who 
viewed Jewish emancipation as intimately linked to a worldwide socialist 
revolution.

Continued at:
http://leftvoice.org/The-Oath-The-Story-of-the-Jewish-Bund?var_mode=calcul



Jim Farmelant
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http://www.foxymath.com 
Learn or Review Basic Math


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[Marxism] Mathematical economics and political economy in the Soviet Union

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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In the Soviet Union, the economics profession was divided into two branches: 
the political economists and the mathematical economists, with the great 
majority of Soviet economists being political economists. The political 
economists were trained mostly in the work of Marx & Engels, Lenin, and their 
successors. Most of them did not have much mathematical training and their 
published research made little use of mathematics. The mathematical economists 
on the other hand were trained very proficiently in higher mathematics and 
their work was very technical in nature. The mathematician and economist Leonid 
Kantarovich was one of the founding fathers of the Soviet school of 
mathematical economists and he would win both the Order of Lenin Medal and 
later the Nobel Prize in economics for his work as one of the founders of 
linear programming. One of their concerns was to try to make Soviet economic 
planning more rational and to that end they introduced a variety of 
optimization techniques whi
 ch implicitly or explicitly relied upon marginalist economic ideas. So that 
way, a lot of neoclassical-type economic thinking was brought into the Soviet 
Union.

Oskar Lange in a 1945 piece, Marxian Economics in the Soviet Union, which 
appeared in the American Economic Review, took note of the Soviet debates that 
were going on then over the law of value and whether this law is operative 
under socialism. Lange was of the opinion that this law is operative under 
socialism and on that basis he argued for the adoption of marginalist economic 
analysis as a tool for making socialist economic planning more rational. A few 
years later, Stalin came around to a somewhat similar position in his pamphlet, 
Economic Problems of the USSR. People like Lange would then cite Stalin's work 
as a basis for their own advocacy of economic reforms in the socialist bloc 
countries.

One of my FB friends, Barkley Rosser, has said of his Russian-born wife, Marina 
Rosser, who was trained as an economist in the Soviet Union:

"There was a split between "political economy" and the more mathematical 
"cybernetics." She went through both, meaning she knows her Marx more than you 
or Doug Henwood or even Paul Cockshott do by a country mile, She can cite 
chapter and verse all the way down to the most minute detail any of you can 
come up with,, and in her heyday before the KGB arrested and tortured her she 
had access to the Marx-Engels library, which still exists, which was only 
accessible to very high level people like her who also did major translations 
of foreign authors, She learned western econ through courses on "Bourgeous 
theories of economics," some of these taught by westerners such as the late 
Lynn Turgeon who was the person who was responsible for us meeting, who gave me 
her phone number when I went in 1984 to Moscow and met her. He gave her away in 
our wedding, and I remain grateful to him, and we wrote a published paper with 
others about his work later. She had the best English of any of his students
  at MGU, and translated his lectures into English, which were later published 
as a book. After she got out she worked at the Institiitute for International 
Economics and Relations (IMEMOE, I might have its precise title wrong, although 
it still exists) which in the old days advised the Central Committee of the 
CPSU, and she was involved with its 25 year planning activity when I arrived in 
1984 to disrupt her Soviet economic career, BTW, one of her students after she 
started working at IMEMO was the current Chair of the Russian Central Bank, 
and, well, enough for now..."


Jim Farmelant
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Re: [Marxism] Debunking Austrian Economics Socialist Calculation Probl em

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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I think I have posted this here before:

A few years back, I co-authored an article on Friedrich Hayek. This article 
includes an appendix on the socialist calculation debates, including both the 
well known between Hayek and Oskar Lange, as well as the less well known 
between Hayek and Otto Neurath. BTW the socialist calculation debates were 
triggered in the first place when Hayek's mentor, Ludwig von Mises, wrote his 
1920 essay, "Economic calculation in the socialist commonwealth" in response to 
Neurath's writings in defense of socialist economic planning.

Here is a a link to the article by Mark Lindley and myself:
https://www.academia.edu/3291616/The_Strange_Case_of_Dr._Hayek_and_Mr._Hayek

And here is a link to Mises's 1920 essay:
https://mises.org/library/economic-calculation-socialist-commonwealth/html

And a link to Hayek's 1945 article, The Use of Knowledge in Society, where he 
summarized his views on socialist calculation.
http://www.econlib.org/library/Essays/hykKnw1.html


I also have a review of David Laibman's book, Deep history: a study in social 
evolution and human potential. Although that book was mostly about Laibman's 
ideas concerning the materialist conception of history, Laibman also discussed 
socialist calculation issues as well. So I addressed that as well.
https://www.academia.edu/205061/Review_of_David_Laibmans_book_Deep_history_a_study_in_social_evolution_and_human_potential


"I think it is appropriate to point out that there is no reason to be smug 
about economic calculation under capitalism. "

An issue which Lange addressed in his writings (and which was reiterated by 
Maurice Dobb too). Lange, citing A. C. Pigou's analysis of externalities argued 
that market failure were, in fact, rather ubiquitous under capitalism, so that 
we cannot expect capitalist markets to produce rational allocations of 
resources. Hence, the need for socialist economic planning to provide a 
corrective. 

Jim Farmelant
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-- Original Message --
From: David McMullen via Marxism 
Subject: [Marxism] Debunking Austrian Economics Socialist Calculation Problem
Date: Wed, 3 May 2017 17:24:29 +1000
 

Transcript to YouTube video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8v0figytojY

Debunking Austrian Economic's Socialist Calculation Problem

The so-called Austrian school of economics makes much of what they call 
the socialist calculation problem. They argue that a society based on 
social ownership could not have an effective price system and therefore 
could not have the decentralized decision-making we see in a market economy.

The claim was first made by Ludwig Von Mises in the 1920s. Really all he 
is saying is that transfers between enterprises using a decentralized 
price system must be market exchanges. Without explaining why, he rules 
out the possibility of such transfers occurring between socially owned 
enterprises where there is no exchange of ownership but simply a 
transfer of socially owned property from one custodian to another. I am 
thinking here of a transfer between a supplier and user of some 
component in production. Without predicting what will actually happen in 
the communist future we could easily imagine production units using 
decentralized pricing to determine least costs methods of production and 
assigning output to the highest bidder. We could also easily imagine 
such a system being ultimately driven by consumer demand.

Then we had the intervention of Frederick Hayek in the 1930s and 40s. He 
demolished the rather lame decentralized socialist model devised by the 
economist Oskar Lange. That model confines decentralized price 
adjustments to consumer goods while price adjustments for intermediate 
goods are carried out by a central agency that is keeping an eye on 
inventory levels. Hayek correctly points out the inadequacy of such an 
arrangement and how it does not represent a fully functioning price 
system. Discrediting the Lange model is all very well, but Hayek did not 
then go on to show that an economy based on social ownership would in 
fact be limited to the Lange model. In other words he did show that 
there is something about social ownership that would prevent the use of 
decentralized price adjustment in the allocation of intermediate goods. 
So I think I can justly say that all that Hayek has done is refute a 
straw man.

OK now we come to the final version of the argument and this was 
developed in the 1980s by Don Lavoie of George Mason University. He 
conceded that a socially owned economy could 

Re: [Marxism] Hayeks Road to Serfdom destroys a straw man

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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I would add that Hayek's big piece on the socialist calculation debate was his 
essay, "The Use of Knowledge in Society." That's available online at:

http://www.econlib.org/library/Essays/hykKnw1.html

Concerning his book, The Road to Serfdom, in the 1945 British general election, 
which came right after the end of the Second World War in Europe, the 
Conservative Party had thousands of copies of that book printed up and 
distributed in the course of that election campaign. Sir Winston Churchill 
himself made free use of Hayek's rhetoric in his campaign speeches. All this 
was so effective that the Labour Party, under Clement Atlee, won the election 
in a landslide.


Jim Farmelant
http://independent.academia.edu/JimFarmelant
http://www.foxymath.com 
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-- Original Message ------
From: Jim Farmelant via Marxism <marxism@lists.csbs.utah.edu>
To: Jim Farmelant <farmela...@juno.com>
Subject: Re: [Marxism] Hayeks Road to Serfdom destroys a straw man
Date: Thu, 6 Apr 2017 11:10:24 GMT


A few years back, I co-authored an article on Friedrich Hayek. This article 
includes an appendix on the socialist calculation debates, including both the 
well known between Hayek and Oskar Lange, as well as the less well known 
between Hayek and Otto Neurath. BTW the socialist calculation debates were 
triggered in the first place when Hayek's mentor, Ludwig von Mises, wrote his 
1920 essay, "Economic calculation in the socialist commonwealth" in response to 
Neurath's writings in defense of socialist economic planning.

Here is a a link to the article by Mark Lindley and myself:
https://www.academia.edu/3291616/The_Strange_Case_of_Dr._Hayek_and_Mr._Hayek

And here is a link to Mises's 1920 essay:
https://mises.org/library/economic-calculation-socialist-commonwealth/html


Jim Farmelant
http://independent.academia.edu/JimFarmelant
http://www.foxymath.com 
Learn or Review Basic Math


-- Original Message --
From: David McMullen via Marxism <marxism@lists.csbs.utah.edu>
Subject: [Marxism] Hayeks Road to Serfdom destroys a straw man
Date: Thu, 6 Apr 2017 13:30:26 +1000

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Hayeks Road to Serfdom destroys a straw man




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Re: [Marxism] Hayeks Road to Serfdom destroys a straw man

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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Jim Farmelant
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-- Original Message --
From: Jim Farmelant via Marxism <marxism@lists.csbs.utah.edu>
To: Jim Farmelant <farmela...@juno.com>
Subject: Re: [Marxism] Hayeks Road to Serfdom destroys a straw man
Date: Thu, 6 Apr 2017 11:10:24 GMT

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A few years back, I co-authored an article on Friedrich Hayek. This article 
includes an appendix on the socialist calculation debates, including both the 
well known between Hayek and Oskar Lange, as well as the less well known 
between Hayek and Otto Neurath. BTW the socialist calculation debates were 
triggered in the first place when Hayek's mentor, Ludwig von Mises, wrote his 
1920 essay, "Economic calculation in the socialist commonwealth" in response to 
Neurath's writings in defense of socialist economic planning.

Here is a a link to the article by Mark Lindley and myself:
https://www.academia.edu/3291616/The_Strange_Case_of_Dr._Hayek_and_Mr._Hayek

And here is a link to Mises's 1920 essay:
https://mises.org/library/economic-calculation-socialist-commonwealth/html


Jim Farmelant
http://independent.academia.edu/JimFarmelant
http://www.foxymath.com 
Learn or Review Basic Math


-- Original Message --
From: David McMullen via Marxism <marxism@lists.csbs.utah.edu>
Subject: [Marxism] Hayeks Road to Serfdom destroys a straw man
Date: Thu, 6 Apr 2017 13:30:26 +1000

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Hayeks Road to Serfdom destroys a straw man



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Re: [Marxism] Hayek�s Road to Serfdom destroys a straw man

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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A few years back, I co-authored an article on Friedrich Hayek. This article 
includes an appendix on the socialist calculation debates, including both the 
well known between Hayek and Oskar Lange, as well as the less well known 
between Hayek and Otto Neurath. BTW the socialist calculation debates were 
triggered in the first place when Hayek's mentor, Ludwig von Mises, wrote his 
1920 essay, "Economic calculation in the socialist commonwealth" in response to 
Neurath's writings in defense of socialist economic planning.

Here is a a link to the article by Mark Lindley and myself:
https://www.academia.edu/3291616/The_Strange_Case_of_Dr._Hayek_and_Mr._Hayek

And here is a link to Mises's 1920 essay:
https://mises.org/library/economic-calculation-socialist-commonwealth/html


Jim Farmelant
http://independent.academia.edu/JimFarmelant
http://www.foxymath.com 
Learn or Review Basic Math


-- Original Message --
From: David McMullen via Marxism 
Subject: [Marxism] Hayek’s Road to Serfdom destroys a straw man
Date: Thu, 6 Apr 2017 13:30:26 +1000

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Hayek’s Road to Serfdom destroys a straw man



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Re: [Marxism] Fwd: Materialism alone cannot explain the riddle of conc iousness | Aeon Essays

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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 Not my work, its Boris Hessen's work.
 
This link works fine for me.
https://rtraba.files.wordpress.com/2015/06/v1_hessen.pdf
 
or can use this link.
 
https://tinyurl.com/zpl9md3
 
 
Jim Farmelant
http://independent.academia.edu/JimFarmelant
http://www.foxymath.com
Learn or Review Basic Math
 


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Re: [Marxism] Fwd: Materialism alone cannot explain the riddle of conc iousness | Aeon Essays

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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  Not my work, Boris Hessen's work. This link works fine for 
me.https://rtraba.files.wordpress.com/2015/06/v1_hessen.pdf or use this link. 
https://tinyurl.com/zpl9md3  Jim 
Farmelanthttp://independent.academia.edu/JimFarmelanthttp://www.foxymath.com 
Learn or Review Basic Math

-- Original Message --
From: David McDonald via Marxism 
Subject: Re: [Marxism] Fwd: Materialism alone cannot explain the riddle of 
conciousness | Aeon Essays
Date: Tue, 14 Mar 2017 15:42:42 -0700

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Jim F: link to your work is broken.
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Re: [Marxism] Fwd: Materialism alone cannot explain the riddle of cons ciousness | Aeon Essays

[Jim Farmelant via Marxism]

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  I tend to approach discussions of the philosophical implications of quantum 
mechanics with a degree of caution for reasons that should be apparent in one 
my old posts, which can be found below. Jim 
Farmelanthttp://independent.academia.edu/JimFarmelanthttp://www.foxymath.com 
Learn or Review Basic Math--  
Probably at least a few people here have heard of Boris Hessen,- the Soviet 
physicist and historian and philosopher of science, whose groundbreaking paper, 
"The Social and Economic Roots of Newtons Principia"
(https://rtraba.files.wordpress.com/2015/06/v1_hessen.pdf) would have a 
profound impact on the emergence of the history of science as a distinct 
discipline in the West, following that paper's delivery by Hessen at the Second 
International Congress of the History of Science in London, as part of a 
delegation of Soviet scholars and scientists that included Nikolai Bukharin. 
While many people were influenced by Hessen's paper, it made a strong impact on 
at least several young British scientists, including J.D. Bernal, J.B.S. 
Haldane, Lancelot, Hogben, and Joseph Needham,all of whom achieved eminence in 
their respective scientific specialties while also becoming very influential 
writers concerning the history and social functions of science, from a Marxist 
perspective. A while back, I read Loren R. Graham's book, *Science in Russia 
and the Soviet Union: A Short History*. He has a discussion of Hessen and his 
groundbreaking paper on Newton. What is interesting about Graham's discussion of
  Hessen, is that he sees Hessen's work on Newton as having been motivated in 
large degree by his concern with defending modern physics - Einstein's theory 
of relativity and quantum mechanics, as developed by de Broglie, Heisenberg, 
Schroedinger, and Bohr, from the sustained ideological attacks that these 
theories were enduring in the Soviet Union at that time. Both relativity and 
quantum mechanics were being denounced as "idealist" and "bourgeois." 
Furthermore, the writings of Einstein, Heisenberg, and Bohr along with such 
people as James Jeans and Arthur Eddington were widely cited by Soviet 
ideologists in support of their attacks on these two theories as being 
idealist, since some of these scientists, especially Eddington were in fact 
quite insistent that the new physics lent support to an idealist metaphysical 
worldview. In addition the fact that Einstein explicitly acknowledged drawing 
upon the ideas of Ernst Mach was cited against relativity, since Lenin after 
all, had in his b
 ook, *Materialism and Empirio-Criticism*, ma!
 de the philosophies of Mach and Avernarius the chief targets of criticism. 
Most of the Soviet opponents of modern physics championed Newtonian physics as 
the physics that was most consistent with Marxism and dialectical materialism. 
Graham reads Hessen as attempting to undercut Soviet criticism of modern 
physics by attempting to show that Newtonian physics was vulnerable to the same 
sorts of criticism. Newton himself was the proponent of a highly theological 
view of the universe. He saw his science as lending support to theism and 
Christianity. Furthermore, Newton's work was very much tied to the class 
interests of the rising English bourgeoisie. Yet, despite all this, his science 
was of genuine and permanent value. Graham takes Hessen as attempting to 
present a similar case on behalf of relativity and quantum mechanics. Though 
both theories could and were often given idealist metaphysical interpretations, 
such interpretations were not the only ones possible. Both theories could als
 o be given materialist philosophical interpretations too, just as was the case 
with Newtonian physics. Newton himself and many of his disciples were quite 
pious and they presented theological interpretations of their science, but 
materialist interpretations of Newtonian physics were possible and those indeed 
were the ones that were accepted in the Soviet Union. But if Newtonian physics 
could now interpreted in materialist terms, despite the intention of its 
founders who were decidedly not materialists, then the same sort of thing could 
happen to relativity and quantum mechanics. The founders of these theories 
might not have been materialists, but there was nothing to prevent us from 
giving these theories materialist interpretations. Now, I find this view of 
scientific theories and the philosophical interpretations to which they may be 
given quite similar to the view that the logical empiricist Philipp Frank gave 
in his writings such as *Modern Science and Its Philosophy*, and *Philo
 sophy of