A while ago James Allwright said -
>The problem of abritrary text has come up before and "_ " is the agreed
>syntax for arbitrary text
and more recently -
>This was resolved ages ago. Q:120 takes the value of unit note length
>from the header. If there is a new L: field in the body of the tune,
Me -
> Are these agreements (and others?) documented anywhere?
James Allwright -
>The abcusers list archives perhaps ? This is several years ago.
Not much use if you weren't on the abcusers' list several years ago. Does Guido Gonzato know about them? The point I was sort of sidling up to was
James Allwright said -
>The "_ " construct is in the draft standard and probably documented in
>the application notes for a number of abc applications.
I concede. You are right. (Why didn't you say this in the first place?)
You could have added this from the draft standard -
$ A meter change
John Chambers recently said -
>But it's possible that we could put it to a vote,
How would this be administered? Who would get a vote? Just the BIG 6? Only developers? Anybody who wants to?
>But again, it's not topic of major importance. More important is that
>we get some action makin
Jack Campin says -
>repeat signs are bars,
I don't think so. At a quick glance, seven out of the first twelve tunes in the Northumbrian Piper's Tune Book have repeat symbols that don't coincide with bars.
>Also, if you want to reorganize the line breaks, you have to edit the
>adjacent :| and |:
John Chambers said -
>As I've noted before, we have a population of users who
>can't even be bothered to type "X:1" at the start of their tunes.
I've heard it said that if a door is clearly marked PULL but everyone who comes to it tries to PUSH, it is not because they are all stupid;
Buddha Buck said -
>I have seen a couple of pieces of music, typeset with NoteWorthy that
>uses nested repeats. The outer repeats (which covered the entire
>work) were drawn light, while the inner repeats were drawn bold.
NoteWorthy Composer has two sorts of repeat called (for no obvious reas
I haven't bothered the list for a while largely because I got fed up with
banging my head against a brick wall but John Chambers' contribution has
stirred me from my slumber -
>All this is fun and interesting, but I think we have more important
>things to worry about than how someone might mi
Flos said -
>I'm just waiting for someone to write a program to play ABC to
>my sound card, so I can rename it as playQabc.exe
As a stop gap, you could get my programme abc2nwc downloadable from
http://members.aol.com/abacusmusic/ (£7 to register and remove the nag) to
create .nwc files and
I use Noteworthy Composer which provides an uncluttered GUI interface for
music composition and plays back throught the soundcard. It is available as
shareware from http://www.ntworthy.com/.
Unfortunately, it does not export/import abc so I have written a shareware
programme called abc2nwc to
Nice work Frank.
The up tempo feel of The Girl I Left Behind Me (known as Brighton Camp around
here, I live ten miles from Brighton) is anticipation -
And if the night be ever so dark
Or ever so wet and windy
I must return to the Brighton Camp
And the girl I left behind me.
Adjust windy to rhy
Steve Mansfield
>Let's face it there's only three (or is it four) parallel groups all
>looking at extending the abc specification, eg
>
>this list
>the sub-committee of this list set up last year
>abctf / abc+ / abc 2.0 (I forget are they distinct or all the same?)
>sourceforge
You forgot Guido
Frank Nordberg asked
>A rant? Is there actually a dance called that???
The rant is a northern English dance form which, to be honest, I don't know a
lot about. There is a dance step called a rant which is a bit difficult to
demonstrate over the internet (OK, with my knees, it's a bit difficul
Joe Mc Cool said -
>I was told once that Hornpipes came originally from France.
And I once heard that jigs were invented by the English, reels by the Scots
and the only sort of tune invented by the Irish was the polka.
Er? Yeah, right.
Bryan
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Sorry Guido, I hadn't realised that your initiative was called abc+ or that
you'd set up a website. Did I miss the launch? The last I recall you were
releasing it to a select few interested parties.
I'll have a read and comment later.
Bryan
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Jack Campin said -
>The first halves are almost the same:
Gosh, so they are and yet so very different. I was less familiar with
Gilderoy than the others and it seems to bridge the gap.
Bryan
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Richard Robinson said -
>I want to do some fiddling about with the body of VMP
>tunes, most of which come from abc2win. The number of ways this output has
>of blowing up rest-of-the-world tunes is quite remarkable, and is wasting
>whole days out of my life. Has anybody succeeded in writing a tran
Richard Robinson said
>ISTR from previous discussion that abc2nwc is a Visual Basic app, am I
>right ? No use on a linux box, if so ...
Just so. It's in the nature of abc that it's cross platform/cross OS/cross
language. Hence my consideration (but reluctant dismissal) of producing a
"standa
Doug Rogers asked -
>Could someone please tell me what VMP is?
The Village Music Project, directed by John Adams. Lifting directly from
the website "A study of English Social Musicians from the 17th century
onwards from their manuscripts."
The URL is -
http://www.performance.salford.ac.u
Mike Whitaker -
>- people who can't distinguish between a single standard that allows
>chords to be machine-readable, and 'you've left my pet notation out'
Just the sort of thing I've been trying to say about the standard in general
for some time.
and Laurie Griffiths said -
>Brilliantly pu
Mike Whitaker said -
>On Tuesday 16 April 2002 02:04 am, John Chambers wrote:
>> And we don't
>> need to wait for an official published standard to fix it; the syntax
>> is obvious and easy to implement.
>
>Not wishing to 'have a go', as it were. But isn't this WHY ABC has so many
>different var
John Chambers wrote -
>There's no way any of you can stop me from using my own code.
Wouldn't dream of it old chap. We seem to have completely different ideas of
what a standard means. You seem to think it's to stop people doing things.
I think it's to enable people to do things. More spec
John Chambers wrote -
>Standards are good mostly if
>they can specify a practical minimum that turns out to be useful for
>a large set of people. The ANSI C and POSIX standards are two good
>examples. They can also be dead ends that block innovation.
As you have rightly said, nobody can fo
John Chambers wrote -
>Of course, there's a very real fear that once something gets into a
>standard, there will be social pressure to implement it. ;-)
Why would something be in the standard if nobody wanted it? If people wanted
it, why shouldn't it be in the standard? The social pressure
John Chambers wrote -
>Geez; there's always someone who will respond seriously to a joke!
Sorry. You make so many comments to the effect that standards are a BAD
THING that I didn't realise this one was meant to be a joke. (Curious
attitude for a member of the standards committee.)
Thanks f
This morning I had one junk email from the abcusers list and seven talking
about it (here's another). Just delete junk and forget it.
Bryan
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Just for the record, abc2nwc produces identical and, as far as I can tell,
correct output from both the "legal" and "illegal" versions of Springleik
posted by Eric Forgeot. In the latter case it produces an error report
saying it has replaced the "illegal" ties with slurs. Both versions are
"Strike the concertina's melancholy string!
Blow the spirit-stirring harp like anything!"
W.S.Gilbert
Laurie Griffiths said -
>An instruction to play a note on fret 9 of the G string instead of the open
>E string is musically relevant.
My concertina doesn't have E or G strings and I'm not play
Phil Taylor wrote
>If Laurie wants to write
>something like "^F9S3"e in his music to indicate that the note is to be
played
>at a particular point on the fingerboard I don't see why he shouldn't.
Fingerboard of what instrument? Banjo? Lute? Cittern? Balalaika? Guitar
tuned DADGAD? Players
Laurie Griffiths wrote
>Well of course you need to specify the tuning for tablature.
Obviously.
>The only interesting question is "how much
>of this, if any, should be encoded in the ABC.
None at all, because ABC is not tablature. The recipient could be playing
anything from a carillon to
John Walsh said
>Oh, did Bryan mean that statement seriously? Hmm... I thought
>there was a hint of sarcasm there, just as I've taken this entire
>thread as an indirect demonstration that the saying "abc is for the music
>alone*" (_whatever_ that may mean), is a worthy rule of thumb for overa
John Walsh -
>One basis of misunderstanding here may be an assumption that
>instrument-specific notation must be carved in stone in the language--as
>u and v for upbow and downbow are now, for instance. It doesn't. (It
>can't, really, for abc doesn't have the resources. In my own case, I h
Laurie Griffiths said -
>I went to Chipenham Folk Festival last weekend and
>someone played it in the English Session in the Rose and Crown barn. I
>asked what it was called (The Dark Girl Dressed in Blue) and I now have
>about 10 different versions of it. Magic.
Yes, great tune and great sess
gris_sanderson said -
>HP & Hp are scale specific rather than instrument specific. You can play a
>pipe tune on a fiddle provided you know what the pipe mode is.
Fair enough. Can you point me to any documentation and/or examples of their
use?
Bryan Creer
To subscribe/unsubscribe, point yo
Don Whitener said -
>Are you *actively* pursuing development of a new program, and, if so, is
>there a projected release date? Just curious... You do indeed do good work
:-)
Well, thank you very much. Yes, I am. Unfortunately, these things are never
quite as easy as they seem when you star
Aaron said -
>That sounds a lot like what iabc is trying to be.
>
>I'd be interested to hear how things are going. I don't know if you're
planning a >commercial tool or a free source one.
I was thinking of charging a small sum. Well, I've put a lot of work in and
anyway, registration gives f
Laura Conrad wrote -
>Currently, the abc2midi transposer only understands the key
>signature. So if I have a piece in D dorian, and I transpose it up 3
>half notes, the transposed output is in Ab. It should be in F dorian.
This is an inevitable consequence of using tonic/mode in the K: command
Wendy wrote -
>It would have been great if the original standard had had separate
>fields for key signature and tonic, so that the tonic could be specified
>by itself and the key signature expressed in pure sharps and flats, like
>the extension in John Chambers' jcabc2ps allows. It would have bee
Aaron Newman wrote -
>The modes-as-key-signatures are part of the 1.6 standard, maybe what you're
>saying is that this originally popped up as part of a tool and was
incorporated into
>the standard out of necessity.
That was certainly my understanding. The prevailing culture amongst abc
d
John Chambers wrote -
>My perspective was that it wasn't so much "opposition" as it was "Who
>the hell needs it?" There were lots of positive reactions from people
>who saw a personal use for it. The opposition was essentially from
>people who didn't need it and didn't see why abc should be c
John Chambers wrote -
>Well, actually, last evening at this time I was playing music at a
>contra dance with some nice people.
I'm delighted to hear it. Do all these nice people share the same
self-centred "I want it my way and no other." that you seem to think is
completely standard h
John Chambers wrote -
>Heh. In this case, I was the lead musician..
Hmm. Benevolent dictatorship. Probably the best sort of government if you
can find the right dictator.
Thank you for the rest of that posting; it was very positive.
>How about posting the galactic coordinates? And sc
Laurie Griffiths wrote -
>Who ever wrote "I want it my way and no other.". Nobody, right?
You just made it up, right?
Nobody said it. I made it up. It was my ironic precis of John Chambers's
assertion that -
>The opposition was essentially from
>people who didn't need it and didn't see
John Chambers wrote-
>There is a problem applying the GPL to music. The way it's phrased,
>it really does apply mostly to software. Of course, that was what it
>was designed for.
I was recently browsing in a garden centre when I found a lavender with a
label saying something to the effect tha
Eric Forgeot wrote -
>I thought it was a good idea to use 2 K: fields to write both the
>mode and the key, but this solution of K:D % EDorian is maybe
>better. Will you forgive me if I use it in the future ? :)
Wouldn't it be better and less misleading to be able to say K:^f^c % EDorian
or bet
John Chambers wrote -
>For example, recently I saw a line like: K:D % EDorian
It could be that the author was using software that only allowed the tonic as
shorthand for the key signature and didn't support modes (such programmes
have been known to exist). He should be praised for adding the
Wil Macaulay said -
>Yes, it would be 'better and less misleading' for the abc user community
that
>understands:
> 1. 2 sharps
Good.
> 2. they are in the 'standard' place
Not sure what you mean.
> 3. E Dorian means E is the tonic.
Of course it does but does K:D mean D is the tonic or jus
John Chambers wrote -
>But if the software doesn't agree on what pieces
>of the notation mean, it can sorta interfere with getting
>the music across.
I've been thinking along the same lines myself for quite a while.
>And abc has a quandary that's common in all other kinds of
>computer commu
Than you Phil Taylor for a sensibly argued case. A welcome change from the
this-is-my-opinion-and-I'm-sticking-to-it attitude that has been prevalent
lately. Unfortunately I didn't agree with any of it.
He wrote -
>In order to describe a piece of music completely, you need to
>know any two o
Phil Taylor wrote -
>Even a wrong tonic+mode is better than nothing!
I don't think I need to comment.
Bryan Creer
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While surfing the net for more information about modes I came across this
site -
http://www.standingstones.com/modeharm.html
which people might find interesting.
I was particularly pleased to find this -
>It was not until the early 20th century that researchers in traditional
music
>
Jack Campin wrote -
>As others have pointed out, the description of a tune purely by key
>signature isn't complete unless you are using equal temperament; you
>don't know the exact pitches of the notes unless you know the mode.
As I have pointed out, the mode is in the tune and may vary as it go
Robert Bley-Vroman wrote -
>Will major-scale tune with some flatted sevenths be transcribed with the
flatted
>seventh as part of the key signature, or with the flatted sevenths
>indicated as accidentals within the body of the tune?
Whichever you like as long as you specify all the notes unambi
Jack Campin wrote -
>I think you are underestimating the cultural sophistication of English
>farmworkers by a VERY large margin. Nearly all of them went to church,
>and for most of the areas Sharp, Lloyd and Vaughan Williams collected
>in, that church was the Church of England. With a tradition
I just tried it and it seems to be available at the moment. AOL have been
causing me a lot of grief and I will be taking my custom elsewhere soon.
The new abc editor/player/printer programme is nearly finished and will be
available shortly (honestly).
Bryan Creer
To subscribe/unsubscribe, po
Now that I've calmed down a bit I'll have another go.
>I think you are underestimating the cultural sophistication of English
>farmworkers by a VERY large margin.
I'm not sure why saying that traditional singers could get all the
information they needed from the music without having to read t
Phil Taylor wrote -
>I think you guys are actually arguing from the same side of the fence.
Thanks Phil we needed that and thank you for a posting which I was largely
able to agree with.
After being reprimanded by a Scotsman for something I hadn't said about
English farmworkers I did rather l
Abacus 1.0.0 is now available from http://www.abacusmusic.co.uk/. Note that
this is not my old AOL website.
Abacus is an abc editor/player/printer programme - Windows only I'm afraid.
Its main claims to fame are that it plays through the soundcard with complete
choice of General Midi instrum
Eric Forgeot wrote -
>Nice program ! I like when there are new abc applications, so I
>can complete my collection :)
Thanks Eric and thanks for the comments, some of which I agree with and
others not.
>ACTION: SystemFile: "C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM\MSVBVM60.DLL"
>(File currently on disk was already up
Something that has cropped up during the testing of Abacus is the use of the
.abc extension. A friend, not unreasonably, double clicked on an abc file
expecting it to start my programme. What they actually got was ABC
Flowcharter; a programme for drawing flowcharts produced by Micrografx Inc.
I had said -
>Sounds like a bug in Windows to me.
Don Whitener said -
>I wonder... I get exactly the same presentation. The application runs at
>full (real full) screen, covering even the task bar, and the middle restore
>button is grayed out and inactive. I have no other application that d
Steve Mansfield wrote -
>Windows XP (Pro) includes msvbvm60.dll as standard.
I hadn't realised that. I'd better raid my piggy bank and drag myself into
the 21st century. Does XP(Home) include it?
>On the principle that most users confident enough to download a
>programme and install it will
Jack Campi wrote -
>This is a very good idea, but the semantics I'd need in every instance
>where I've wanted it would be that the *shortest* note counts.
So Eric wants longest note counts, Jack wants shortest note counts, I went
for highest note counts and suggested first note counts Th
Phil Taylor wrote -
>BarFly handles chords with notes of unequal
>length by padding out the shorter notes with rests when playing,
>so it's "longest note prevails".
But Jack Campin (a BarFly user) had said -
>but the semantics I'd need in every instance
>where I've wanted it would be that the
Wil Macaulay wrote -
>BTW, Abacus worked pretty well for me, except that
>it crashed when I tried to change instruments (WinNT wkstation 4.0)
>running as a non-admin user.
Would this be Runtime error 70? This seems to happen on every version of
Windows except 98. I think I've fixed it but I
>>I can't see the point of taking up
>>valuable
>>space on the screen for something you aren't using all the time.
>
>But for browsing several tunes it could be usefull. Maybe if this
>subwindow would stay "on top" and doesn't disappear if we load a
>tune (so we could move it at a corner of the
John Chambers wrote -
>Well, I can think of a simple example of how one might use this:
> [A4G2E2]2[F2D2]
>This would have a 4-count melody note above the [G2E2][F2D2] chord
>change. With L:1/8, the first chord could be drawn on a single stem,
>with an open oval for the A4 note and filled ov
Starling (?) wrote -
>It might be better to have the duration of the chord
>equal to the shortest duration within the chord. That way
>[L:1/4][A4G2E2] is implicitly equal to a half note, just as in
>keyboard music the shortest note in the chord is considered the length
>before the next note begi
Starling wrote -
>We should probably establish that there is a difference between
>[G2A4E2] and [G2A2E2] if we're going to standardize by the rule "first
>listed note = melody note". Something like "The melody note in a
>chord determines the default duration, but durations specified
>within the
Starling wrote -
> ... I had one question. What is a "melody note"? I have always
> known melodies as defined by context, and subject to much
> interpretation, rather than being defined by a specific type of
> notation. Two different people can call a section of music melody or
> accompanimen
Eric Forgeot wrote -
>I've reported in the past a print problem for abacus ...
Unfortunately, I can only test with the printer I've got. I'll enquire
amongst my beta testers, but at the moment, Eric is the only person
reporting problems. Anybody else?
Bryan Creer
To subscribe/unsubscribe,
Henrik Norbert wrote -
>So two of the most used* abc programs, Muse and AbcMus, both
>use the "shortest determines length" method, which seems to
>work well. I've had no complaints so far. Have you, Laurie? Do we
>really have to change it?
But a few days ago he wrote -
>Now that I understand
Jack Campin wrote -
>> OK, I'm with you and it's growing on me. It would be necessary for
>> something I saw the other day which would need to be written
>> [d6z2]2[B2G2][B2G2] although there would still need to be intelligence
>> within the programme to recognise that the two Bs were not melody
Henrik Norbert wrote -
>Sorry, Bryan, on second thoughts and after Laurie's mails I
>changed my mind.
I'd be interested to know why since Laurie doesn't seem to have given much in
the way of reasons for his view except that that is the way he has started
developing Muse-2.
Laurie Griffiths w
Laurie Griffiths has demonstrated that he has read the whole "suggestions for
[A4A2] notation" thread by quoting selectively from it. For some reason he
omitted -
Wil Macaulay
I agree with that ["first-listed note" ] - the notator presumably knows which
is the melody note, and
that's the only
Frankly Laurie I can't be bothered to argue the minutiae
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Ooops! Clicked the wrong button. Starting again -
Frankly Laurie, I can't be bothered to argue the minutiae of which way is
best. What I consider most important is that we have a concensus. We seemed
to have one before you came back from Sidmouth. If you can persuade
everybody else that "sh
Eric Forgeot wrote -
>I have two sound cards on my system and it has revealed that
>Abacus doesn't follow the sound properties in the MSwindows
>configuration : I have the second one by default for playing
>samples / midi but Abacus plays only with the first one.
I'm afraid I don't have the tec
Henrik Norbeck wrote -
>You must have some sort of "preferences" dialog to let the user
>select which midi device to use. There are Windows functions for
>getting a list of midi devices. You must open the midi device
>anyway, so just specify the correct device to open according to the
>user's
Henrik Norbeck wrote -
>Maybe we should have an "obfuscated abc" competition...
I think we've had one for several years now.
Bryan Creer
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Have a look at this -
http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/xmlMusic.html
Bryan
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Buddha Buck wrote -
>Based on the
>"first note medody" idea that's been bandied around, that would imply
>that the melody was [d6]2B2B2, which would sound like:
>
>V:1
>d6
>V:2
>z2B2B2
>
>which is rather too polyphoneous as a melody for my tastes.
Well I'm sorry about that because that's precise
Emerging from a long hibernation to say how glad I am to see that a great
deal of sense is being talked about the possibilities for a new standard;
especially by some of the newer members of this list.
I am not am abcm2ps user but, as far as I understand it, Jean-François is
doing brilliant wor
Bert Van Vreckem wrote -
>However, a 'live'
>conversion to sheet music while I'm typing ABC would be nice. But very
>difficult to implement, I imagine.
That's exactly what Abacus does. Version 1 is available from
http://www.abacusmusic.co.uk/ but hang around, maybe just for a few days, and ve
Irwin Oppenheim said -
>On Thu, 3 Jul 2003 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>
>> That's exactly what Abacus does. Version 1 is
>> available from http://www.abacusmusic.co.uk/ but hang
>> around, maybe just for a few days, and version 2 will
>> be out.
>
>Seems to be a nice idea! Only too bad that when I
Don wrote -
>Someone was speaking of errors, and I just found that I can consistently
>cause a Run-time error by following these steps:
>
>1. Open an existing file.
>2. Click the 'Full ABC' button, which opens the Full ABC window and listing.
>3. Close the Full ABC window with the Windows 'X' but
Phil Taylor wrote -
> That's the problem with live editing. The parser has to be
> absolutely bullet-proof, as the user can hit it with absolutely
> any combination of symbols. There is really no way you can
> test it enough either. That's one reason why I kept BarFly
> free for several years w
I know it is fasionable to slag off abc2win on this list (and, obviously, I'm not too keen on it or I wouldn't be writing Abacus) but can we get a little historical perspective?
>From Chris Walshaw's history of ABC on his abc home page -
>The real explosion in interest came when Jim Vint released
Bernard Hill wrote -
>I hope you are not implying that software sold by shareware methods is
>not as good as that sold off-the-shelf?
It's probably better in some ways. For an analogy, if you buy your
vegetables from your neighbour who's grown them in his back garden they are probably
better t
Irwin Oppenheim wrote -
>As far as I could check, the source code of abc2win has
>not been released. So how could we do that?
Well, you could try being nice to Jim Vint and inviting him to join in the
standards process.
Bryan Creer
To subscribe/unsubscribe, point your browser to: http://www.tu
Bert Van Vreckem wrote -
>Well Bryan, I'm afraid I can't even use it. I'm one of them Linux people...
When I've made my fortune from the Windows version I'll see about rewriting
for other platforms. (Or employ somebody else to do it.)
There's not much point in me providing the source code beca
John Chambers wrote -
>BTW, a year or so back, I had my tune finder's search bot count the
>tunes that seemed to come from abc2win.
>
>Maybe I should revive that code and do another count ...
Could you count the tunes that use "!!" ?
Bryan Creer
To subscribe/unsubscribe, point you
Guido said -
>I've been unable to find ABC files with the much-talked-about bang (!) for
>breaking lines. Could any good soul send me some examples? It's for
>extending abcpp to deal with this beast.
Well here's one for a start -
X: 1
T:Black Boy. ASH.01
M:2/4
L:1/8
Q:200
S:Harrison & Wall MS,A
Phil Taylor wrote -
> I'm told that recent versions of abcm2ps use the &
> operator to set the time point back to the beginning
> of a bar so that an additional layer of notes can be
> added. This sounds like a good idea, but I haven't
> seen any detailed description of how it works.
(and Irwin
Phil Taylor wrote -
> That's a classic example of everything we don't like about abc2win.
> The VMP files contain not only bangs, but every garbage variant
> of abc you can think of, and consequently are unusable to any other
> program unless you do a considerable amount of editing first. It's
>
Henrik Norbeck wrote -
>Bryan Creer wrote about the & symbol:
>> Did anyone outside the abcm2ps community know
>> about this until now. If another developer had started using
>> & for their pet idea we'd have the same sort of conflict.
>
>It was discussed on this list before it was implemented in
Irwin Oppenheim wrote -
>This idea was proposed by Taral on this list on
>Mon, 22 Oct 2001 08:43:51 -0700.
>
>It was found to be a good idea, and has been adopted by
>abcm2ps and maybe some other programs as well.
A lot of ideas are proposed on this list and discussed at great length. It
is oft
John Chambers wrote -
>I've also found the phrase "explicit key signature" more useful than
>"global accidentals", though I don't suppose that's a real big deal.
These seem to me to be two separate things. Whem converted to conventional
notation, an "explicit key signature" is the collection of
John Chambers wrote -
>The difference is somewhat minimal, though. The original text had as
>example "K:D =c", which implies a key signature of two sharps but
>with a natural written before all the c's. The natural reaction to
>this is "If all the c's are natural, why put a c sharp
Richard Robinson wrote -
>It woul be a start. I fear the only real answer (or not even that) would be
>for some masochistic altruist^H^H^H^H wonderful person to write a Windows
>app providing similar functionality, to which people could be encouraged
>to "upgrade" in order to solve compatability p
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