dropbox alternative
I am looking for an dropbox alternative, so far found Unison and btsynch (not open sourced). Are there any other open sourced alternatives. I am not interested in server/client designs like owncloud, pud.io, and various others. It should be able to propagate latest changes to other nodes/clients, be secure, and should be available for different platforms. -- Kind regards, Yudi
fan control in wheezy
Hi, I just installed wheeezy 64bit (kernel 3.2.0.4) and the fans (CPU fan and the two fans powered by the MB) are running at full speed. it's a asus p8z68-m pro MB, Heres the output of sensors: acpitz-virtual-0 Adapter: Virtual device temp1:+27.8°C (crit = +99.0°C) temp2:+29.8°C (crit = +99.0°C) coretemp-isa- Adapter: ISA adapter Physical id 0: +33.0°C (high = +80.0°C, crit = +98.0°C) Core 0: +33.0°C (high = +80.0°C, crit = +98.0°C) Core 1: +33.0°C (high = +80.0°C, crit = +98.0°C) Core 2: +33.0°C (high = +80.0°C, crit = +98.0°C) Core 3: +33.0°C (high = +80.0°C, crit = +98.0°C) Here is the output from sensors-detect: === Now follows a summary of the probes I have just done. Just press ENTER to continue: Driver `w83627ehf': * ISA bus, address 0x290 Chip `Nuvoton NCT6776F Super IO Sensors' (confidence: 9) Driver `coretemp': * Chip `Intel digital thermal sensor' (confidence: 9) To load everything that is needed, add this to /etc/modules: #cut here # Chip drivers coretemp w83627ehf #cut here === Does acpi-cpufreq need to be added to /etc/moduels? only the below two modules were added coretemp w83627ehf # modproble w83627ehf returns the following error ERROR: could not insert 'w83627ehf': Device or resource busy After doing some research, and reading http://www.lm-sensors.org/wiki/FAQ/Chapter3#Mysensorshavestoppedworkinginkernel3.33.2.23.0.18 I replaced w83627ehf with asus_atk0110 in /etc/modules still no use, the fans keep running at maximum. Also fancontrol does not run because there is no /etc/fancontrol and when I run pwmconfig, it says: There are no pwm-capable sensor modules installed. Does that mean I need to write /etc/fancontrol file manually? Kind regards, Yudi
writing pseudo-random data to disks
I am using the below command/s to write to 3TB hitachi deskstar 7200RPM disks. dcfldd if=/dev/urandom status=off | PV -s 3000G | dcfldd of=/dev/sda of=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb status=off bs=4096 on the HP microserver nl40 with SATA 3Gbps connection, the throughput was 3-4MB/s, around 10.5 days. Where as on my desktop with i5 CPU and 6Gbps connection, the throughput is 13-14MB/s, around 61 hours. My question is: where is the bottleneck on the HP for such low throughput? dcfldd uses one core, granted my desktop is around 4Ghz and HP just under 2Ghz. But So far I have heard lot of people say the SATA connection should not make any difference to the throughput on a spindle HDD. Anyone know the reason for such low throughput on HP? -- Kind regards, Yudi
Secure way of voice communication between two PCs
Hi, I have been using Skype for a while and wanting to find an open source alternative. Skype uses encryption which most of the open source counterparts lack. Also, with skype it's not a direct connection between the two PCs, I think they use nodes/super nodes or something similar in the middle. I know Ekiga can be used to call directly with h323 protocol but it lacks native encryption, to make it secure I will have to either use ZRTP or have VPN set up. Is there a simpler alternative that allows for direct IP to IP voice communication and is secure? -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: RAID 1 (mirroring) question
On Wed, Dec 19, 2012 at 6:07 AM, Bob Proulx b...@proulx.com wrote: Note that after a power cycle even if the RAID 1 array needs to be sync'd between the mirrored disks that the system will still boot okay and will operate normally. I have no idea what other systems do but you can boot the system, log in, and it will perform its normal tasks. If the array needs to be sync'd then it will sync in the background. This is why the kernel implements the speed_limit_max values so that normal system operation will not be starved of disk bandwidth. You might not notice that it is doing this. It might finish the task without impacting normal system functions. with Windows 7, the system boots and I can use it but is very sluggish due to all that disk activity. Hoping linux will handle this situation better. will try md RAID and see how it performs. from man md page: While this recovery process is happening, the md driver will monitor accesses to the array and will slow down the rate of recovery if other activity is happening, so that normal access to the array will not be unduly affected. When no other activity is happening, the recovery process proceeds at full speed. The actual speed targets for the two different situations can be controlled by the *speed_limit_min* and *speed_limit_max*control files mentioned below. this sounds promising. I will also be building a BSD server and see how ZFSRAID handles these situations. Thanks you very much for the detailed reply. It was very useful. -- Kind regards, Yudi
RAID 1 (mirroring) question
Hi all, I am looking at using Debian software RAID mirroring and would like to know how it handles system crashes and disk failures. My only experience with software RAID 1 is with windows 7 inbuilt option. Whenever the system does not shutdown cleanly, upon reboot the disks start resynching and the whole system becomes very sluggish, almost impossible to use. Depending on the size of the disks, this can be quite long (I am guessing this is because it is resynching at the block level). I was speaking with someone using freeBSD/ZFS and they reckon ZFS does not resynch after a crash and when a disk is replaced it only copies data not each block. How does linux software RAID 1 handle these two scenarios? -- Kind regards, Yudi
LUKS question
Hi, I have a laptop with the entire harddrive encrypted with LUKS. Are there any precautions I need to take before moving this harddrive to another machine and booting from it. The only precaution suggested on LUKS FAQ is to back up the header. I have done that. -- Kind regards, Yudi -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to debian-user-requ...@lists.debian.org with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact listmas...@lists.debian.org Archive: http://lists.debian.org/CACo--mtT4sm2tLZMS+X=mKa=qEKmgOfjJ3M7wX6-qAO_h3kw=g...@mail.gmail.com
Re: X forwarding to a Windows 7 PC
You have two (or more) computers connected to each other. I'm assuming they are also connected to the Internet somehow (you didn't mention). If you trust every other computer (and users) in your internal network *and* you trust your protection from the Internet, then you don't need SSH. Physical distance doesn't matter. I connect to Internet using mobile broadband when needed. Both PCs are connected via a LAN cable and these are the only computers in the internal network. The traffic is not routed through the Internet. So in a net shell SSH is only needed if the transport layer is susceptible to eavesdropping. I might still use SSH for compression. I should have been more clear in my OP, I was inquiring about the security implications of using xauth more than routhing traffic over an untrusted network without encryption. -- Kind regards, Yudi -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to debian-user-requ...@lists.debian.org with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact listmas...@lists.debian.org Archive: http://lists.debian.org/caco--mu67lrhtyerzncxgk13w5vo19lf88d9y-hs+uuc7zd...@mail.gmail.com
Re: X forwarding to a Windows 7 PC
IIRC there is a version requirement for Samba to play nice with W7. Google for Samba and Windows 7 Larry The only issue I have with Samba right now is that I have to authenticate from windows every time I reboot either of my systems. Is there a way to stop this. -- Kind regards, Yudi -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to debian-user-requ...@lists.debian.org with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact listmas...@lists.debian.org Archive: http://lists.debian.org/CACo--mt1Qz3=fyhekksjw8cfuvyx-sftnhbwg7j0fg067-d...@mail.gmail.com
Re: X forwarding to a Windows 7 PC
Do you have a non-Win 7 (e.g. XP) that you can try to see if it exhibits the same behavior? This would probably identify the culprit end Sorry, don't. I am guessing I might have missed a setting somewhere. -- Kind regards, Yudi -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to debian-user-requ...@lists.debian.org with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact listmas...@lists.debian.org Archive: http://lists.debian.org/CACo--muMRwCv-OjP=jdd0wv17xktvcmc2p7dfyvstwzed0e...@mail.gmail.com
Re: X forwarding to a Windows 7 PC
Distance is irrelevant, but rather how the network itself is shielded from the outside. Kind regards, Andrei I am not sure what you are implying here. I am not changing any network settings nor am I opening up any ports expect when I run xserver on windows. All I am trying to do is use xauth. Kind regards, Yudi -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to debian-user-requ...@lists.debian.org with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact listmas...@lists.debian.org Archive: http://lists.debian.org/caco--mte+hnpukfl6gorlrpugjhl79z_szwfne65t9h7ijh...@mail.gmail.com
X forwarding to a Windows 7 PC
Hi all, I am trying to forward X from a Debian PC (laptop) to windows 7 pc (desktop) without using SSH. Will either use xming or mobaxterm on windows 7 pc After some research, it looks like it can be done by copying the X server cookie over to the windows 7 PC. then use the following command to launch the programs on the windows pc. -display hostname:display#.screen# Both the PCs are directly connected and have access to each others files using cifs tools/Samba. As the computers are only few meters apart, I dont think a SSH connection is needed. I haven't tried this yet, is there anything I need to be aware of before going down this path. I mean are there any security implication doing this. Also which one is -- Kind regards, Yudi -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to debian-user-requ...@lists.debian.org with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact listmas...@lists.debian.org Archive: http://lists.debian.org/caco--mvw8cfmgnrhsg-jau7fty6objnpmcqur128sejhpys...@mail.gmail.com
Re: Simultaneous desktop environments (Gnome and xfce) in two X server sessions.
I just realized that I have been launching X session as root, how to launch a new X session without using elevated privileges. -- Kind regards, Yudi -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to debian-user-requ...@lists.debian.org with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact listmas...@lists.debian.org Archive: http://lists.debian.org/CACo--msao5=go5kgjqbvfcbmqlkvwe1o63gcsig9emiabss...@mail.gmail.com
Re: Simultaneous desktop environments (Gnome and xfce) in two X server sessions.
Don't login to your shell as root, just as $user, then it's the same: startx Ok I cannot launch X session from tty7, default console, as the normal user. But if I change the allowed_users value in /etc/X11/Xwrapper.config file from console to anybody, I can launch it from tty7. From what I understand this is a security risk to have anybody launch X, therefore left it as console. the only way I can launch a separate X session is to first log into another console first and then launch X. This works without any issue. I am guessing the default tty is signed into as root. Can someone confirm this? - Kind regards, Yudi -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to debian-user-requ...@lists.debian.org with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact listmas...@lists.debian.org Archive: http://lists.debian.org/CACo--mvjULQeVQ=8+=g+wpgdys1+z7wjy+c2h4m6b9e4gf7...@mail.gmail.com
Re: Simultaneous desktop environments (Gnome and xfce) in two X server sessions.
The command that you are using is not starting the new xserver in tty1. It is almost certainly in tty8, the next available tty session. The :1 is display 1, not tty1. I use aliases of startx such as: I first log on to tty1 and then run the command: startx startxfce4 -- :1 -- Kind regards, Yudi -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to debian-user-requ...@lists.debian.org with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact listmas...@lists.debian.org Archive: http://lists.debian.org/caco--munvkcbndvjtrj1uykrisgtsy_uruqtxztjxv3w8jt...@mail.gmail.com
Re: Simultaneous desktop environments (Gnome and xfce) in two X server sessions.
The OP didn't, I think, specify that he wants two X sessions with the same user. Yes that is exactly right, I an trying to use two X sessions under one user. -- Kind regards, Yudi -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to debian-user-requ...@lists.debian.org with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact listmas...@lists.debian.org Archive: http://lists.debian.org/caco--mujdayacb-rjx8hez0vvwf63sntamjx9qesu9rqdns...@mail.gmail.com
Re: Simultaneous desktop environments (Gnome and xfce) in two X server sessions.
Yes. See my earlier post. That is exactly what I do. In each of the accounts on my box startx is aliased to one of the commands that I mentioned. This starts up a new X session on the specified vt. By specifying the vt in the startx command I know that my session is always on vt7, my wife's is always vt8, and my daughter's is always on vt9. A quick ctl-alt-F7|F8|F9 gets whichever one of us is at the computer to our session, leaving the others intact with all programs running, browser tabs open, etc. Ok I figured out where I was making the mistake, instead of launching X session from tty7 I was first logging in to tty1 and then launching an X session. Can you explain why it closes the session when I return back to tty7 but it will not when I launch an X session from the console in tty7. When using xfce, I cannot launch the Terminal due to an input/output error? What might be causing this? Thanks once again for posting the instructions. -- Kind regards, Yudi -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to debian-user-requ...@lists.debian.org with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact listmas...@lists.debian.org Archive: http://lists.debian.org/caco--mujfyx_sthvnl9trt-yb+rjt22hnetwtmg9jkkqjeo...@mail.gmail.com
Simultaneous desktop environments (Gnome and xfce) in two X server sessions.
Hi all, I am trying to get gnome (default in tty7) and xfce (in tty1) to run at the sametime. I got as far as launching another x server session and xfce4 with the following command: startx startxfce4 -- :1 There are couple of issues I am trying to resolve: 1. when I switch back to tty7 X server session in tty1 terminates. How to fix this? 2. all the start-up applications under Gnome also start in xfce, how can I completely separate the environments. I would like to keep them as independent as possible. -- Kind regards, Yudi -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to debian-user-requ...@lists.debian.org with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact listmas...@lists.debian.org Archive: http://lists.debian.org/caco--ms2zwfrzxczs4tn8wknyxh0jjjzo6rhqbyw7ykxrkn...@mail.gmail.com
Re: help with LUKS header backup
Yes, I am using this regularly. Backing up the headers to encrypted media (two preferably) is good practice, even if one can foresee a bit off a circle here ;-) . Header backups are easier to break than original LUKS container. there is only one LUKS header on a disk, right? I have LVM on top of LUKS. Therefore only one partition with is LUKS encrypted. What happens when LUKS is on top of LVM. There will be several partitions, will there also be several header files. One for each LUKS partition or is it just one header for all LUKS partitions? -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to debian-user-requ...@lists.debian.org with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact listmas...@lists.debian.org Archive: http://lists.debian.org/CACo--muhzePpCby_taqx9qunTsV3wQ23vZTX9RFkzqV18c=3...@mail.gmail.com
help with LUKS header backup
I am trying to back up the LUKS header and LUKS FAQ recommend using the cryptsetup luksHeaderBackup command. Cryptsetup man page has the following format luksHeaderBackup device --header-backup-file file the following example is taken from the LUKS FAQ. cryptsetup luksHeaderBackup --header-backup-file h /dev/mapper/c1 i just want to confirm if I am reading this example right. cryptsetup luksHeaderBackup --header-backup-file I understand the options but the following operands are a bit confusing. h is the backup file name/location in the example /dev/mapper/c1 I am guessing c1 here means the hard disk partition with luks. Right? I only have one partition that uses LUKS, sda4. It's a GPT disk and the partitions are as follows sda1 = ESP sda2 = EF02 sda3 = /boot sda4 = luks = rest of the disk. On my system, there is just /dev/mapper/sda4, I am guessing this is the devise I need to back up or is it the whole hard drive just like backing up a MBR. I am guessing the command I need to use on my system is: cryptsetup luksHeaderBackup /dev/mapper/sda4 --header-backup-file /media/USB_stick Is this interpretation right? -- Kind regards, Yudi -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to debian-user-requ...@lists.debian.org with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact listmas...@lists.debian.org Archive: http://lists.debian.org/caco--mv78xerd3q_jtylkfuxlw3d+gdv01g0oezxwu1khgu...@mail.gmail.com
Re: Best remote control software
Do you actually need the display from the laptop to be shown on the desktop machine's monitors? If you just wanted to direct your mouse/keyboard actions you could use Synergy provided you could still see the display. the main reason for this is to use the 24' desktop screen. -- Kind regards, Yudi -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to debian-user-requ...@lists.debian.org with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact listmas...@lists.debian.org Archive: http://lists.debian.org/CACo--mu=L_N=q7yisvkwubeh-a1ukna2ppme0pgrtom93h2...@mail.gmail.com
Re: Best remote control software
Have you tried some of the performance and quality options mentioned in the man page? It looks like x11vnc has many and diverse options. -solid -wireframe / -nowireframe -speeds n,n,n -xrefresh n -sb 0 I used the first option, will look up the others, Right now I am using -ncache 10 option to cache the pixels on the client side. This has improved the performance quite a bit. As I said this before, I am only using this setup to use the larger screen on the desktop. Yudi -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to debian-user-requ...@lists.debian.org with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact listmas...@lists.debian.org Archive: http://lists.debian.org/caco--msyt-ca3s7ndgomrrwwfgfnjeignrvqpjezi2cxqs5...@mail.gmail.com
Best remote control software
Currently I am using x11vnc as the server on Debian and tightvnc viewer on Windows 7. Both machines are connected via LAN cable and are only meters apart. Debian is installed on a 12' laptop and windows 7 on a desktop with dual screens, I wanted to see if I can use VNC to access Debian on win7 machine. It works but the performance using the above applications is not that good. There's lag and the display output is not as clear as expected. I was just wondering what is the best software solution available. Otherwise I might invest in a KVM switch. -- Kind regards, Yudi -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to debian-user-requ...@lists.debian.org with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact listmas...@lists.debian.org Archive: http://lists.debian.org/caco--mtwzyy5vka+9rt1zssywdxuznst+nptajlzq8sjr4q...@mail.gmail.com
Re: intel i5, system config question
(please, avoid using html format in your messages, they're hard to read) will do. There's no need to upgrade but install a new kernel in parallel (that way you always keep the stock kernel if something goes wrong) and installing a new kernel -or even compiling one by yoursef- is pretty easy :-) how about using kernels from Liquorix? -- Kind regards, Yudi -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to debian-user-requ...@lists.debian.org with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact listmas...@lists.debian.org Archive: http://lists.debian.org/caco--mum5joj+f1k3ajojb82rpzl46e+tzanwabxjjqwgmb...@mail.gmail.com
Re: RAID 1 - software or hardware.
You would need a second compatible hardware raid controller to use in order to extract the data from the drives. The hardware raid controllers I have used have not allowed me to access the data without a compatible raid controller. If it's in RAID 1, I was under the impression that I would be able to mount that disk on another system and be able to access my data. I came to this conclusion because in RAID 1 each disk has the full contents unlike in parity. So what does the data look like when you mount it on another system? -- Kind regards, Yudi -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to debian-user-requ...@lists.debian.org with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact listmas...@lists.debian.org Archive: http://lists.debian.org/CACo--msAHo6w23UyqQx+VXW=wZpginPJ=j3uufdeihvlqtw...@mail.gmail.com
Re: RAID 1 - software or hardware.
I'd go for hardware RAID as long as there is a true and real hardware RAID controller behind with a battery backup et al (in brief, a *good* RAID controller, not the motherboard's one which are usually nothing but fakeraid and a pile of unforeseen problems). Otherwise I would use software RAID (md). Aren't hardware RAID cards really expensive. I am just trying to get some form of redundancy. I wish linux has something similar to ZFS. The options in ZFS for data redundancy are just awesome. I guess my best bet is to go with software RAID. Thanks Yudi
Re: intel i5, system config question
If you are unsure about the hardware support for the i5 chipset in Squeeze, try first with Debian's LiveCD and see how it goes, what it detects, what fails... Greetings, -- Camaleón how easy is it to update to kernel 3+ in squeeze?
Re: RAID 1 - software or hardware.
Might be better to put LUKS on top of LVM instead of vice versa? Not sure. By having LVM over LUKS, I will only have one container to unlock and from what I understand Debian cannot unlock several LUKS containers at start-up unlike Fedora. My laptop currently has LVM over LUKS and works just fine except for suspend, which seems to fail intermittently. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: intel i5, system config question
I'm just curious why you don't have just go with squeeze as an option. Why do you need to change the kernel that comes with it? Intel HD3000 video chip works fine with only kernels over 3.0.1. At least this is what I gather from searching the net. And the i5 I am getting has this chip. -- Kind regards, Yudi
intel i5, system config question
Hi all, I will be building a new desktop with intel i5. Which option should I choose: go with squeeze and update to kernel 3+ or install Wheezy This will be my main production PC. I would like it to be as stable as possible. -- Kind regards, Yudi
RAID 1 - software or hardware.
Will be installing a new system and would like to have the following set-up: RAID 1 LUKS LVM Should I use the RAID controller on the motherboard (not sure how reliable it will be) or use software RAID? -- Kind regards, Yudi
using kernel 3.0.1+
I will be getting a new desktop with intel i5 2500k CPU, it's got an integrated GPU, I would like to install debian but read that the i5 GPU works without any issues only with the latest kernel. Now I always use the stable version of Debian. I have never used sid. I would like to know how to install Debian stable with the latest kernel. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: Dual monitor setup
Is Debian using nouveau, how to check what driver is being used? You can check /var/log/Xorg.0.log ok also I the issue resolved itself, I read on a forum thread that by turning off the power completely will reset the monitor. I think this issue was triggered by using the monitor on two different systems alternatively. I think one of the laptops had it running at 75Hz Any way I am glad that it's resolved. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Dual monitor setup
Installed Squeeze on my laptop and hooked up an external monitor, worked fine for few days and after a reboot yesterday, there is not output to the external monitor. it's got a message on the screen saying to use optimal resolution 1280 x 1024 60Hz. laptop has an nvidia Gforce 7400 GPU That's how it's setup. Never has this issue before. I am using the default video driver installed by Debian. I think it's nouveau. I tried to check the /etc/X11/xorg.conf file. But it's not there. Why is there no /etc/X11/xorg.conf file, then what configuration file is the X using? Is Debian using nouveau, how to check what driver is being used? I tried to reconfigure X by following the instructions from http://wiki.debian.org/Xorg?action=showredirect=ConfigureX steps: - Switch to a *console* as root (*not* a terminal emulator in X), then run: - /etc/init.d/gdm3 stop - cd /etc/X11/ - Xorg -configure this process created a /root/xorg.conf file. is it supposed to be at that location? This did not resolve the issue. Any suggestions? -- Kind regards, Yudi
Sharing files on a local network
I have a Debian PC connected to the Internet via mobile broadband and I have this Internet connection shared with an ubuntu pc via Ethernet connection. Internet connection works fine. I can ping the Debian PC but cannot ping the Ubuntu PC, how come? I would like to share files between these two systems. From what I understand my options are Samba, SSH and NFS. I only used SSH before and it takes a while to set-up securely and I haven't used NFS or Samba, not sure how steep the learning curve is. Because it's a direct ethernet connection, SSH is more than what I need for this situation. I don't think a secure connection is needed. Is there a simpler way of achieving this? -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: Sharing files on a local network
Both, samba and nfs can be overkill for sharing a bunch of files and even harder to manage and setup. OTOH, SSH is just a matter of installing the corresponding package and that's all. SSH will not only help you to securely transmit the files between the two computers but will also help you to debug problems if for whatever reason the X server crashes. In brief, having a SSH access is not only a great advantadge but a must :-) Agreed, but there are quite a few config options in sshd file that need to be changed like turning off passwords, no root logon, port #, once I forgot to change it from 22 and in few hours I had quite a few attempts. I guess I can bind it to just the LAN interface that way I don't have to worry about the nasties on the net.
Re: Sharing files on a local network
even for Linux-only systems, there really is no satisfactory answer to the OP's question besides Samba/CIFS. Samba looks like the best option as I will be adding windows clients and a solaris file server. -- Kind regards, Yudi
linux friendly hardware inquiry/advise
Hi all, Building a new PC, will be used for coding mostly, running 2-3 VMs simultaneously. Debian Linux will be the host OS. I need some suggestions on Motherboards. Which manufacturer has good linux support? Will use Intel on board graphics. No gaming. will use couple of HD monitors. Thats about it. Looking at getting Z68 chipset board. There is a lot of choice. I heard that Intel has good linux driver support, most of the Mobo OEMs use Realtek NICs, are they fine or should I avoid them? -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: GPT on BIOS system partitions scheme
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries This is not necessary. Menu X, D will allow you to change this to 1. The 2048 value is just wasteful (an overly safe default). Whether you care about losing that 2MB is your call... True I can start at 8, not a big deal. Total free space is 1058782 sectors (517.0 MiB) Number Start (sector)End (sector) Size Code Name 12048 411647 200.0 MiB EF00 EFI System 2 675840 677887 1024.0 KiB EF02 BIOS boot 3 942080 3039231 1024.0 MiB 0700 Linux/Windows 4 3303424 1464884942 696.9 GiB 8E00 Linux LVM Looks great. Do you really need partition 1? If it's a BIOS system, the first partition has no purpose. ESP is not needed on this system but if I want to boot this disk from another PC with EFI I don't want to re-do the whole partition table. Again 200MB is not a big deal. Your partitioning is fine. It's not optimal, but it will work as it should. Just remember to install grub2 on the whole disk (/dev/sda), not in a partition. Thanks for the confirmation. From what I understand EF02 BIOS boot partition holds the GRUB stage 2 files, right? Also Sqeeze only installs GRUB legacy by default, is there a way to install GRUB2 during the install? -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: GPT on BIOS system partitions scheme
By default Squeeze installs grub2 Cool, I always get confused with GRUB and GNOME. Is it worth trying amd64 install. I tried this long ago and wasted lot of time trying to get it working. Whats the current status?
Re: GPT on BIOS system partitions scheme
Installed Debian i386, will leave 64bit for the next time. Once again, at boot and shut down, the order in which it looks for LVM volumes is incorrect. At boot time, it looks for LVM volumes before opening up the LUKS container. and at shut down, the order is in reverse. I unwittingly went for the bare bones install as last time I installed lot of junk checking quite a few options, now some of the essential tools I am used to are missing, I cannot connect to the internet as network manager is not installed, is there any other way I can connect to mobile broadband? Also how come sudo command is not recognized? -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: GPT on BIOS system partitions scheme
Certainly, you are correct :) As general advice, 8 sectors is better because of advanced format. But then you also have to account for modern SSDs, which have erase block sizes between 128 and 512kB (256 or 1024 sectors), and for partitioning hw-raid devices you need to know the stripe size of the underlying device. When taking that all into account, the MS default of 2048 sectors is quite understandable. But the drive in question was 600GB (iirc). Too large for an SSD and too small for advanced format... It's an Advance format, check the fdisk output posted above. This is a replacement drive, first one threw up inexplicable bad sector errors after few weeks in use. This would only happen if the OS is installed, once I wipe the drive, there would be no issue. First time it happened, I thought the system config might be wrong. I re-installed debian. Same issue after 4 weeks. Again wiped it clean, no bad sectors. Mentioned this to WD, they could not come up with any explanation, asked me to return the drive and try the new one. If this one behaves the same, they reckon my system might be at fault. I regret getting this drive. It's the biggest laptop drive available, that's the only reason for choosing. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: GPT on BIOS system partitions scheme
Or alternatively, install wicd. It seems to be far less temperamental. Thanks. I will need to install the network tool from the ISO image I got, I should be able to mount it and install software from there, right? I remember doing exactly the same with Fedora once.
LVM and LUKS boot order incorrect in initrd image.
Installed Debain i386 twice and both times the order of LVM and LUKS is not correct. I have one LUKS container with LVM on top. At boot time, LVM logical volumes try to load first before I get prompted with the LUKS passphrase and at shutdown, the order is in reverse, tries to close LVM volumes after LUKS container is closed. So far everything works fine, anyone else with the same setup come across this issue? -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: LVM and LUKS boot order incorrect in initrd image.
I see this, at least at startup. It's been reported here: http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=544651 Celejar That's almost 2 yrs old. From the limited experience I have with this setup, I don't think this should cause any trouble what so ever. I might generate a new initrd, after backing up the current one. Haven't tried this before, cursory glance at the docs suggests this is not such a difficult task. -- Kind regards, Yudi
GPT on BIOS system partitions scheme
Could someone using GPT on a BIOS system confirm if I got the GPT partitioning right on a BIOS system I followed the documentation from http://www.rodsbooks.com/gdisk/ This is the out put after partitioning the HDD using Ubuntu 11.10 live CD root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# gdisk /dev/sda GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.6.14 Partition table scan: MBR: protective BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: present Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT. Command (? for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 1465149168 sectors, 698.6 GiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): 8C5F38B2-BFAB-4A48-8720-5E6BB4434046 Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 1465149134 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 1058782 sectors (517.0 MiB) Number Start (sector)End (sector) Size Code Name 12048 411647 200.0 MiB EF00 EFI System 2 675840 677887 1024.0 KiB EF02 BIOS boot partition 3 942080 3039231 1024.0 MiB 0700 Linux/Windows data 4 3303424 1464884942 696.9 GiB 8E00 Linux LVM Command (? for help): *Partition3 will be used for /boot partition4 - LVM over LUKS * Used Fdisk to mark the first partition as boot. root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# fdisk /dev/sda WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. The device presents a logical sector size that is smaller than the physical sector size. Aligning to a physical sector (or optimal I/O) size boundary is recommended, or performance may be impacted. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 256 heads, 63 sectors/track, 90845 cylinders, total 1465149168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 1465149167 732574583+ ee GPT Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. Command (m for help): -- Kind regards, Yudi
New desktop configuration
Hi all, Just a quick question about RAID and linux file systems. I am building a new desktop and wondering what the best configuration to get redundancy and speed. Some thing like ZFS RAID1 or RAIDz. I am not going with SSDs as they are beyond my budget. I believe I can get the required performance from 7200 HDD using RAID with added redundancy and enough storage space without the price penalty of SSDs. from what I understand Btrfs is the closest to ZFS and this is not production ready yet. Also it does not offer the advanced features of ZFS like RAID, deduplication. Currently I am used to LUKS+LVM configuration with file level back ups to a server. Any suggestions? -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: New desktop configuration
Software RAID 1 with ext3(4) is a good choice. Yes thats an option but ext4 is severely lacking in comparison to ZFS. As far as I know ZFS is not available in Linux kernel, on other hand I've read that ZFS is slower than UFS on FreeBSD which is slower than ext3 on Linux. I am aware of the fact that ZFS cannot be used with Linux because of licensing differences. That's way I was after the best possible alternative. Openindiana looks like a good option but it's in development, no stable release yet. Can you please reference your source about ZFS being slow on FreeBSD - I was seriously considering this option. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: New desktop configuration
For the desktop a mixed setup can make sense, since there is no need to store movie or music files onto an SSD usually. SSD excel at random I/O workloads with lots of small files. Seagate - possibly others - manufactures a harddisk with SSD cache. This might be an alternative for laptops. But AFAIR the SSD is only 4 GB on that Seagate drive. Dunno whether it will make much of a difference. For Linux there is bcache in development - not yet in mainline - which can use a fast drive like an SSD to cache slower drives or parts of them. SSDs are way too expensive for my needs, the only time I experience I/O lag is when I use VMs, that too windows guests. RAID 1 stripe should alleviate that issue without breaking the bank. I do not see value in buying one for a desktop. Although I would get one for my laptop, if I had the money. I would feel far more relaxed riding my bike with my laptop in the backpack. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: Wiping hard drives
I think it is the ATA Security Erase I wrote about. Tough it seems it may refer to different ways of doing the erase. Not sure how this works but I used Secure-erase-enhance option. It trashed my HDD for 133min. So I am guessing this completely overwrote the drive. This is the best option I have used so far. usually OS dependent. like dd, shred. dban, all have a significant overhead as they have to use the OS resources and other components of the pc. With Security Erase, there was no stress on the system. the whole operation was limited to the HDD. I was able to continue using the system. using DD, the cpu was always over 60% all the time. Given from the time difference, I think, that the Intel SSD 320 security erases itself by deleting the crypto key, and that your harddisk might do it by overwriting its data. Cause when your harddisk used encryption and just overwrote the crypto key, then it should be able to security erase quicker than in 132 minutes. And if the Intel SSD overwrote all of its data to security erase itself it would need longer. Not sure how SSDs work, never used one. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: Wiping hard drives
For SSDs or harddisk which do encryption internally - with or without encryption password in BIOS - an ATA Secure Erase should be enough: http://ata.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/ATA_Secure_Erase Search site:kernel.org secure erase on Google and use webcache as long as kernel.org is down. I wiped a Windows 7 installation very quickly from the Intel SSD 320 in my new ThinkPad T520. Had to plug in the SSD externally tough, as the BIOS froze security settings and disabled secure erase for the internel drive. An ATA Secure Erase does not need much write accesses, which is great for SSDs: The drive just forgets the key and then is not able to encrypt the old data anymore. Excellent info. Can't believe this is in use since 2001 and this is the first time I am hearing about it. Thank you very much for sharing. USA's NIST considers it to be on par with degaussing. My HDD even supports enhanced erase, my laptop BIOS locks the drive I need to figure out how to unlock it. Security: supported notenabled notlocked frozen notexpired: security count supported: enhanced erase -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: Wiping hard drives
I used an external USB/eSATA case hooked up via eSATA and then bootet GRML. The BIOS did not protect the external drive and I was able to transfer the ATA Secure Command via eSATA. I bet it might not work via USB tough. Booted from ubuntu live USB, checked if the internal disk was frozen, yes. Suspended the system and back on again, not frozen. This hack was mentioned in http://ata.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/ATA_Secure_Erase Tough my SSD also reports SECURITY ERASE UNIT, does your HDD have that too? merkaba:~ hdparm -I /dev/sda | grep -i erase supported: enhanced erase 2min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT. 2min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT. yes. what exactly does Security erase unit mean? supported not enabled not locked not frozen not expired: security count supported: enhanced erase 132min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT. 132min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: Hard drive bad sector warning
Got a reply back from WD asking me to return the drive, I wiped the drive and tested the drive to see if it will throw up errors. Again, both the WD tool and the Debian disk utility do not report any bad sectors. Can anyone explain what's going on? -- Kind regards, Yudi
Wiping hard drives
I will be wiping partitions on my hard drive before sending it back to the manufacturer for replacement. I usually prefer dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/sdX# for the unencrypted partitions and just over write the first few sectors on the LUKS partition to destroy the header file. I just want to hear some opinions as to what precautions you take before parting with hard drives. I would be very interested to hear from SSD owners. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: Wiping hard drives
I would do: dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/sdX (Note there is no partition number.) I only use sdX# for partitions that are unencrypted. It's redundant to write over a LUKS container. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: Wiping hard drives
If the drive has encrypted data, then you don't need to wipe much. I would do the following, and call it good: dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/sdX bs=1M count=100 This will wipe pseudorandom data to the first 100MB of the drive, which should wipe out any of the encrypted header information at the beginning of the partition. Further, notice that I'm using /dev/sdX rather than /dev/sdX#. Sending it to the drive should wipe the bootloader also, as well as take out the partition information. You are right. Wiping a whole drive is a long process that's one of the reasons why I started using LUKS containers. Although before setting up Luks I use the urandom as well but it comes to the fore when the drive dies with the platters intact. At least I can rest assured knowing that the data cannot be retrieved easily. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: Hard drive bad sector warning
cfdisk and fdisk are both part of (upstream) util-linux-ng[*1], so both handle large sectors the same. In Squeeze they are both (currently) at 2.17.2-9. I used gparted-live-0.8.1-3 (debian based with 2.6.38 kernel) to partition it, I believe util-linux version on this image is 2.19. Then I used the Debian installer to set-up LUKS and LVM. Looks like a hardware problem - I'd try another cable. I don't think it's a connector issue. It's laptop but it uses a SATA 1.5Gbps controller. Old drive works fine. I sent WD the error messages from Western Digital Data LifeGuard Diagnostics Extended test output. Wait and see what they have to say. I really don't think it's a linux specific issue. Running this software from the Windows partition, I guess it really does not matter what's on the other partitions. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: Hard drive bad sector warning
Have you tried # parted -l, fdisk works with cylinders. here's the parted output: Model: ATA WDC WD7500BPKT-6 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 750GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End SizeType File system Flags 1 1049kB 53.7GB 53.7GB primary ntfs boot 2 53.7GB 54.8GB 1074MB primary ext4 3 54.8GB 592GB 537GB primary 4 592GB 750GB 159GB extended 5 592GB 750GB 159GB logical ntfs Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/vg_hostname-lv_vm: 107GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: loop Number Start EndSize File system Flags 1 0.00B 107GB 107GB ext4 Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/vg_hostname-lv_swap: 4094MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: loop Number Start End SizeFile system Flags 1 0.00B 4094MB 4094MB linux-swap(v1) Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/vg_hostname-lv_home: 51.2GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: loop Number Start End SizeFile system Flags 1 0.00B 51.2GB 51.2GB ext4 Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/vg_hostname-lv_root: 20.5GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: loop Number Start End SizeFile system Flags 1 0.00B 20.5GB 20.5GB ext4 Error: /dev/mapper/sda3_crypt: unrecognised disk label Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr1 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr1 has been opened read-only. Warning: The driver descriptor says the physical block size is 512 bytes, but Linux says it is 2048 bytes. Ignore/Cancel? -- not sure what that error means. I am guessing it's got something to do with the LUKS partition. If I type Ignore, It says Error: Can't have a partition outside the disk! ??? -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: Hard drive bad sector warning
Use GPD instead of DOS partition types, *and* use parted instead of fdisk. I used fdisk to partition the disk before installing the OS. Just to make sure all the partitions started on the physical sector boundaries. The fdisk output posted above looks fine, doesn't it? I followed this article http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-4kb-sector-disks/ Except for the sda4 all the other partitions start on sector that's a multiple of 8. I don't see any problem there. could you please elaborate on your preference for parted over fdisk. Is it GPT? If it's GPT, I cannot use it as my 5yr old laptop does not support it. Isn't EFI/UEFI needed to use GPT? The good news it that there's most likely nothing wrong with your drive. Hope so. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: Hard drive bad sector warning
d-i uses parted (partman). I know the first release of Squeeze failed to properly align 4K sectors with partitions - but using the udeb from Wheezy fixed that for me - it could be fixed in a previous point release, and, it could be just a DOS partition table issue (what I used in that instance). I could have manually aligned partitions but I'm lazy. NOTE: neither fdisk or parted is the cause of your original problem... This is what I thought. I suspect it's got something to do with the kernel. I am just using the default Sqeeze kernel 2.6.32-5-686. http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHBA-2011-0699.html is when more support began upstream. Sector size is a separate issue, hence your error message:- [quote] Warning: The driver descriptor says the physical block size is 512 bytes, but Linux says it is 2048 bytes. [/quote] Which seems to indicate a problem with the driver - and the kernel. Check that your kernel supports larger sectors - see further in this post - if it does, file a bug report on the driver. Also see http://lwn.net/Articles/**377895/http://lwn.net/Articles/377895/for an overview of the problems. NOTE: most Debian kernels do support the larger sectors, but you can check with:- cat /sys/block/drive_eg_sda/**queue/physical_block_size Here's the output /sys/block$ cat sda/queue/physical_block_size 4096 /sys/block$ cat dm-0/queue//physical_block_size 4096 /sys/block$ cat dm-1/queue//physical_block_size 4096 /sys/block$ cat dm-2/queue//physical_block_size 4096 $:/sys/block$ cat dm-3/queue//physical_block_size 4096 /sys/block$ cat dm-4/queue//physical_block_size 4096 /sys/block$ cat sr1/queue//physical_block_size 2048 /sys/block$ cat sr0/queue//physical_block_size 512 Isn't� EFI/UEFI needed to use GPT? No. It's part of Intel's EFI specs, which I presume is where that conclusion comes from (EFI is *not* needed to support GPD). If I wipe this disk, I will definitely use GPT. I also have win 7 on the disk, wiki says 64bit win7 can be booted from GPT disk. Cheers Refs:- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/**GUID_Partition_Tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/**Advanced_formathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_format http://wdc.custhelp.com/app/**answers/detail/a_id/5655/~/** how-to-install-a-wd-advanced-**format-drive-on-a-non-windows-** operating-systemhttp://wdc.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/5655/%7E/how-to-install-a-wd-advanced-format-drive-on-a-non-windows-operating-system http://www.wdc.com/wdproducts/**library/whitepapers/eng/2579-**771430.pdfhttp://www.wdc.com/wdproducts/library/whitepapers/eng/2579-771430.pdf http://people.redhat.com/**msnitzer/docs/io-limits.txthttp://people.redhat.com/msnitzer/docs/io-limits.txt What baffles me is when I run the WD data lifeguard tool from windows 7 partition, it comes back saying the following: Test Option: QUICK TEST Model Number: WDC WD7500BPKT-60PK4T0 Unit Serial Number: WD-WX31E1177192 Firmware Number: 01.01A01 Capacity: 750.16 GB SMART Status: PASS Test Result: FAIL Test Error Code: 06-Quick Test on drive 1 did not complete! Status code = 07 (Failed read test element), Failure Checkpoint = 97 (Unknown Test) SMART self-test did not complete on drive 1! Test Time: 02:52:40, September 11, 2011 Test Option: EXTENDED TEST Model Number: WDC WD7500BPKT-60PK4T0 Unit Serial Number: WD-WX31E1177192 Firmware Number: 01.01A01 Capacity: 750.16 GB SMART Status: PASS Test Result: FAIL Test Error Code: 08- Test Time: 13:23:34, September 11, 2011 Last time it did the same and after wiping the drive, it passed without any issue. I believe this is what is going to happen again. Also, if it's reporting bad sectors from Windows7, I don't think it's a Linux specific issue. Correct me if I am wrong. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Hard drive bad sector warning
Disk utility tells that there are bad sectors on the new hard drive. I had the same issue before and I was about to send it back to get it replaced. I wrote random data to the drive and then checked once more to make sure it had bad sectors. This time Disk utility came back saying that the drive is fine, no bad sectors. So I reinstalled Debian and Win 7 with the same configuration. After installing again I checked the drive and Disk utility reported no bad sectors. I have been using it for over a month and now I have the same problem. Disk utility reports that there are bad sectors. I am not sure what's going on. How can I conclusively confirm that this disk has bad sectors? fdisk output Disk /dev/sda: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders, total 1465149168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x2307 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 *2048 104859647524288007 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda2 104859648 106956799 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sda3 106956800 1155532799 524288000 83 Linux - LUKS/LVM /dev/sda4 1155534846 1465149167 1548071615 Extended Partition 4 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/sda5 1155534848 1465149167 1548071607 HPFS/NTFS here's the output of # smartctl -l selftest /dev/sda === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1 Num Test_DescriptionStatus Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error # 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 102 - # 2 Short offline Completed without error 00% 100 - # 3 Extended offlineCompleted without error 00%83 - # 4 Short offline Completed without error 00%81 - # 5 Short offline Completed: read failure 90%70 229181752 # 6 Short offline Completed: read failure 90%67 229181752 # 7 Short offline Completed: read failure 90%67 229181752 -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: Hard drive bad sector warning
I would simply request for a hard disk replacement, you will rest more relaxed after that :-) I will definitely ask for a replacement as it's still under warranty but I want to make sure it's not a software issue. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: Hard drive bad sector warning
smartctl -a /dev/sda output smartctl 5.40 2010-07-12 r3124 [i686-pc-linux-gnu] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-10 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Device Model: WDC WD7500BPKT-60PK4T0 Serial Number:WD-WX31E1177192 Firmware Version: 01.01A01 User Capacity:750,156,374,016 bytes Device is:Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall] ATA Version is: 8 ATA Standard is: Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated Local Time is:Sat Sep 10 00:46:56 2011 EST SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is: Enabled === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED General SMART Values: Offline data collection status: (0x00)Offline data collection activity was never started. Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled. Self-test execution status: ( 0)The previous self-test routine completed without error or no self-test has ever been run. Total time to complete Offline data collection: (12960) seconds. Offline data collection capabilities: (0x51) SMART execute Offline immediate. No Auto Offline data collection support. Suspend Offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. Selective Self-test supported. SMART capabilities:(0x0003)Saves SMART data before entering power-saving mode. Supports SMART auto save timer. Error logging capability:(0x01)Error logging supported. General Purpose Logging supported. Short self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes. Extended self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 129) minutes. SCT capabilities:(0x703d)SCT Status supported. SCT Error Recovery Control supported. SCT Feature Control supported. SCT Data Table supported. SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16 Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds: ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE 1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 199 172 051Pre-fail Always - 751 3 Spin_Up_Time0x0027 190 177 021Pre-fail Always - 1500 4 Start_Stop_Count0x0032 100 100 000Old_age Always - 137 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140Pre-fail Always - 0 7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051Pre-fail Always - 0 9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 100 100 000Old_age Always - 315 10 Spin_Retry_Count0x0033 100 100 051Pre-fail Always - 0 11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000Old_age Always - 0 12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000Old_age Always - 126 183 Runtime_Bad_Block 0x0032 100 100 000Old_age Always - 0 184 End-to-End_Error0x0033 100 100 097Pre-fail Always - 0 187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 001 001 000Old_age Always - 913 188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 100 000Old_age Always - 0 190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 059 045 040Old_age Always - 41 (Lifetime Min/Max 22/43) 191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 001 001 000Old_age Always - 127 192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000Old_age Always - 2 193 Load_Cycle_Count0x0032 200 200 000Old_age Always - 2187 194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 106 092 000Old_age Always - 41 196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000Old_age Always - 0 197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000Old_age Always - 1 198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 253 000Old_age Offline - 0 199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count0x0032 200 200 000Old_age Always - 0 200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0009 200 200 051Pre-fail Offline - 0 SMART Error Log Version: 1 ATA Error Count: 669 (device log contains only the most recent five errors) CR = Command Register [HEX] FR = Features Register [HEX] SC = Sector Count Register [HEX] SN = Sector Number Register [HEX] CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX] CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX] DH = Device/Head Register [HEX] DC = Device Command Register [HEX] ER = Error register [HEX] ST = Status register [HEX]
Re: Hard drive bad sector warning
I would just return-back the unit. It is clearly new (less than 400 hours of use!) and should not throw any error nor message about its SMART health. This does not have to mean a bad drive per se, of course, but better safe than sorry. If a new unit still fails, I would recheck the cable and/or disk connectors. I am not sure how the warranties on hard drives work. I spoke to the retailer and he reckons it has to go back to the manufacturer. There is a wait of 2 weeks. As I mentioned earlier, last time I got this error I wrote random data to the drive and just before taking it back I ran the tests again using the WD tool. It came back with no errors. This is what is confusing. I expected it to register bad sectors after wiping the whole drive as well. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: Installing Nvida DKMS way, what's the difference between /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d and /etc/X11/xorg.conf method?
Do you know 'sed' ? `uname -r|sed 's,[^-]*-[^-]*-,,'` = 686 in my case, that' all sed's doing here. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: Installing Nvida DKMS way, what's the difference between /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d and /etc/X11/xorg.conf method?
AFAICT this does not use a /etc/X11/xorg.conf file, but a device specific configuration file in /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d. Since Xorg in Squeeze configures itself automagically it is (IMHO) preferred to manually configure just the devices that you actually want to configure. It might help if I break this command down for you: 1. aptitude -r install linux-headers-2.6-`uname -r|sed 's,[^-]*-[^-]*-,,'` This installs the kernel headers which are needed to compile the nvidia module. The `uname -r|sed 's,[^-]*-[^-]*-,,'` command will just expand to your architecture: $ uname -r|sed 's,[^-]*-[^-]*-,,' amd64 nvidia-kernel-dkms and this package contains/pulls-in the nvidia driver itself. This is where the wiki gets confusing. It says I need to Install the NVIDIA X driver and user-space libraries - step 3. I believe I read somewhere that the nvidia-kernel-dkms also installs the driver and user space libraries. Is this step deprecated? 2. mkdir /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d ; echo -e 'Section Device\n\t Identifier My GPU\n\tDriver nvidia\nEndSection' /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-nvidia.conf This command will create a /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-nvidia.conf file with the following content: Section Device Identifier My GPU Driver nvidia EndSection which configures Xorg to use the nvidia driver in lieu of the nouveau one. file name 20-nvidia.conf - is the name arbitrary or does it have to be that exact name? -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: Installing Nvida DKMS way, what's the difference between /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d and /etc/X11/xorg.conf method?
Thanks for clarifying that. One final question. What happens to the /etc/X11/xorg.conf file? It still exits. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Installing Nvida DKMS way, what's the difference between /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d and /etc/X11/xorg.conf method?
Hi, I am trying to understand the difference between the following two methods *First method * this taken from irc dpkg bot aptitude -r install linux-headers-2.6-`uname -r|sed 's,[^-]*-[^-]*-,,'` nvidia-kernel-dkms mkdir /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d ; echo -e 'Section Device\n\tIdentifier My GPU\n\tDriver nvidia\nEndSection' /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-nvidia.conf this uses the xord.conf.d directory but it also has /etc/X11/xorg.conf file. What happens in this case? *second method* taken form http://wiki.debian.org/NvidiaGraphicsDrivers#Installation-1 first two steps are same as above: - install linux-headers - then nvidia-kernel-dkms the third and forth step differ: 3rd step: Install the NVIDIA X driver and user-space libraries how come this is missing in the first option? 4th step: Configure X to use the nvidia driverhttp://wiki.debian.org/NvidiaGraphicsDrivers#Configure_X_to_use_the_nvidia_driver Editing /etc/X11/xorg.conf Which method should I use? -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: securing the system, stopping unnecessary services and closing open ports.
The following packages will be REMOVED: cifs-utils libnfsidmap2 nfs-common nfs-kernel-server samba samba-common samba-common-bin samba-doc smbclient smbfs swat winbind 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 12 to remove and 4 not upgraded. Remv smbfs [2:4.5-2] Remv cifs-utils [2:4.5-2] Remv nfs-kernel-server [1:1.2.2-4] Remv nfs-common [1:1.2.2-4] Remv libnfsidmap2 [0.23-2] Remv swat [2:3.5.6~dfsg-3squeeze5] Remv samba [2:3.5.6~dfsg-3squeeze5] Remv winbind [2:3.5.6~dfsg-3squeeze5] Remv smbclient [2:3.5.6~dfsg-3squeeze5] Remv samba-common-bin [2:3.5.6~dfsg-3squeeze5] Remv samba-common [2:3.5.6~dfsg-3squeeze5] Remv samba-doc [2:3.5.6~dfsg-3squeeze5] I purged the above files but still have the following service running. 111/tcp open rpcbind -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: Sqeeze, Bluetooth profiles A2DP, AVRCP, HFP working with ALSA - Has anyone got it working?
Couln't find any documentation on Bluetooth and ALSA. This link is broken. http://wiki.bluez.org/wiki/HOWTO/AudioDevices Ended up installing Pulseaudio. Followed this post. http://forums.debian.net/viewtopic.php?f=16t=12497 Took less than 5 mins. The only thing left is to find out how to get HFP and A2DP working at the same time like in Windows. Anyone know how? Kind regards, Yudi
Re: securing the system, stopping unnecessary services and closing open ports.
Probably portmap... See if it's installed $ dpkg --get-selections portmap If it is, and it bothers you, it can be removed - check and see if anything uses it:- # apt-get -s remove portmap | less If it's the only package to be removed:- # apt-get --purge remove portmap Check your port:- $ netstat -an | grep 111 Thanks for that info, once again. Much appreciated. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: securing the system, stopping unnecessary services and closing open ports.
I use postpaid mobile broadband and my IP is both the system address and the gateway. There is no NAT with postpaid service, it's only available with prepaid in Australia. Not sure why. Not sure what you mean there I suspect you mean only postpaid allow a static IP address (for some accounts). I use both prepaid and postpaids USB UMTS modems with different ISPs - they all use the same, weird, setup where the remote address is defaulted to (different dogs, same leg action) - perhaps that's the NAT you're referring to?? ie. Could not determine remote IP address: defaulting to 10.64.64.64[*1] eg. ppp0 inet address and p-t-p are different, and the ip I use for remote access is different again (the one shown in http://myip.dk) my system IP for ppp0 is 101.***.***.*** and it's not static. but from what I can remember all postpaid accounts in Australia have 10.***.***.*** addresses and are behind NAT. The only way I could SSH was*by reverse port forwarding. I eventually ended up getting postpaid. That's how it works in Australia. I believe you are not in Aus. See this post for more info. http://forums.whirlpool.net.au/forum-replies.cfm?t=1488078 *** The only things I need are CUPS and SMTP for Zimbra. I will disable the rest. I guess I have to use update.rc-d. you could just remove them eg:- # apt-get --purge remove libnfsidmap2 nfs-common samba if you don't use samba at all (cifs-utils samba samba-common samba-common-bin smbfs) then change samba to samba* I'd suggest using -s instead of --purge first - just in case samba was originally pulled in by another package which you want to keep. Thanks for the info. Will definitely uninstall samba and nfs. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: securing the system, stopping unnecessary services and closing open ports.
http://myip.dk/ will give you the remote access address. Just ssh to the displayed address. I'd suggest you try - it's easier than just believing everything you read on whirlpool. The signal to noise ratio there can be bad. Exetel have good tech support - Vodaphail don't even know where their towers are - and they wouldn't tell you even if they did know. If you have a static IP plan - the myip.dk displayed address is still the one you remote into to - *not* the ppp0 inet or p-t-p address. Thanks for sharing that info. They've moved Canberra? Why wasn't I told?? It's back where it should be now. No need to panic mate. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: securing the system, stopping unnecessary services and closing open ports.
# apt-get --purge remove libnfsidmap2 nfs-common samba if you don't use samba at all (cifs-utils samba samba-common samba-common-bin smbfs) then change samba to samba* I'd suggest using -s instead of --purge first - just in case samba was originally pulled in by another package which you want to keep. these are the files that will be uninstalled. I cannot see anything in there that I am using: The following packages will be REMOVED: cifs-utils libnfsidmap2 nfs-common nfs-kernel-server samba samba-common samba-common-bin samba-doc smbclient smbfs swat winbind 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 12 to remove and 4 not upgraded. Remv smbfs [2:4.5-2] Remv cifs-utils [2:4.5-2] Remv nfs-kernel-server [1:1.2.2-4] Remv nfs-common [1:1.2.2-4] Remv libnfsidmap2 [0.23-2] Remv swat [2:3.5.6~dfsg-3squeeze5] Remv samba [2:3.5.6~dfsg-3squeeze5] Remv winbind [2:3.5.6~dfsg-3squeeze5] Remv smbclient [2:3.5.6~dfsg-3squeeze5] Remv samba-common-bin [2:3.5.6~dfsg-3squeeze5] Remv samba-common [2:3.5.6~dfsg-3squeeze5] Remv samba-doc [2:3.5.6~dfsg-3squeeze5] -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: Is there a way to tell when a system was first booted?
/var/log/installer/hardware-summary look at the first line That's looks right, cannot find a date older than that. Jun 11 also look at the modify time for /etc/issue Modified time is newer. - Aug 1 -- Kind regards, Yudi
Sqeeze, Bluetooth profiles A2DP, AVRCP, HFP working with ALSA - Has anyone got it working?
Hi All, I am trying to get Bluetooth profiles A2DP, AVRCP, HFP, HSP working with ALSA. Not much documentation available for ALSA, there are few for Pulseaudio. If there is no possibility of these Bluetooth profiles working with ALSA, probably will go with Pulse. I came across some discussion but was not conclusive. http://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2011/02/msg02734.html Then this one lists how to use it with Pulse http://www.funzt.info/?p=783 I had Blutooth profiles working under Ubuntu 10.04 LTS with Pulse. All I had to do was make some changes to /etc/bluetooth/audio.conf I just un-commented the following lines to get A2DP working. # Just an example of potential config options for the other interfaces [A2DP] SBCSources=1 MPEG12Sources=0 This way I could manually switch to either HFP or A2DP - Couldn't figure out how to make both work at the same time. Under Windows, all the profiles work without much fuss and also switch dynamically between A2DP and HFP when I receive a VOIP call if I am listening to music. Just like when using a mobile phone. This is such a cool feature, I wish to get this working under Linux. I would like to know if anyone has got this setup working. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Is there a way to tell when a system was first booted?
Is there a way to tell when a system was first booted? -- Kind regards, Yudi
securing the system, stopping unnecessary services and closing open ports.
Nmap suggests the following ports are open: 25/tcp open smtp 111/tcp open rpcbind 139/tcp open netbios-ssn 445/tcp open microsoft-ds 631/tcp open ipp 901/tcp open samba-swat 2049/tcp open nfs I run a desktop email client that uses smtp apart from that I do not know why rest of the above services are open. it even had SSH listening on 22, changed the port # and also changed PermitRootLogin to no in /etc/ssh/sshd_config after looking at the following output: also installed gufw and set it to deny as default. root@computer:/home/user# grep -ir Failed password /var/log/* /var/log/auth.log.1:Aug 14 13:50:37 computer sshd[3553]: Failed password for root from 60.242.242.121 port 56631 ssh2 /var/log/auth.log.1:Aug 15 22:13:10 computer sshd[5129]: Failed password for invalid user admin from 190.24.225.223 port 22792 ssh2 root@computer:/home/user# grep -ir BREAK-IN /var/log/* /var/log/auth.log.1:Aug 15 22:13:08 computer sshd[5129]: reverse mapping checking getaddrinfo for corporat190-24225223.sta.etb.net.co[190.24.225.223] failed - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT! how can I find out if this system has been compromised? what are the steps I need to take to secure it? -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: Sqeeze, Bluetooth profiles A2DP, AVRCP, HFP working with ALSA - Has anyone got it working?
I have always manually switched under linux, and I miss that functionality when using my windows installation, as it sometimes gives me music over the headset profile, which sounds terrible. I will not say much about windows here but see if you have two devices under Sound, video and game controllers in device manger. there should be one for mono (HFP) and one for stereo (A2DP). Windows update took care of all the drivers, I did not even have to do it manually. I can't believe Pulse server has to be installed to get this functionality. Hope someone knows how ALSA works with Bluetooth. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: Is there a way to tell when a system was first booted?
Just to clarify my original post. I want to find out when I installed and booted Debian for the very first time. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: securing the system, stopping unnecessary services and closing open ports.
Just to clarify my post. This is a new install and I was a bit careless while installing. It has no data on it. I was more concerned with LUKS+LVM working at install. I did not realize I selected to install SSH, I do not use Samba or NFS not sure how those got installed. Again it might have been an oversight. On my other system I have SSH setup with fail2ban, and only using pub keys. I was going to setup same config on this system but got sidetracked. I use postpaid mobile broadband and my IP is both the system address and the gateway. There is no NAT with postpaid service, it's only available with prepaid in Australia. Not sure why. The only things I need are CUPS and SMTP for Zimbra. I will disable the rest. I guess I have to use update.rc-d. There's lot of info here I haven't heard about before. I will go through it and post back. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: LVM question: what's the difference between /dev/mapper/vg-lv and /dev/vg/lv
There should be none. Note, however, that /dev/mapper/ may contain non-LVM specials as well, such as cryptsetup(8) ones. My guess is that /dev/VG/LV may provide some sort of backwards compatibility, as LVM may have been implemented before Linux's “device mapper.” (IIRC, there was an LVM implementation for HP-UX, bearing some similarity to the one currently in Linux.) Thanks for sharing that info. AndrewM, thanks for the prompt reply. -- Kind regards, Yudi
LVM question: what's the difference between /dev/mapper/vg-lv and /dev/vg/lv
I created a LV and was going to use the following command to create a file system: mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg/lv someone suggested I use: mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg-lv What's the difference? -- Kind regards, Yudi
LUKS and LVM sequence at boot and shutdown incorrect
My laptop hard drive configuration: sda1 - win7 sda2 - /boot sda3 - LVM on top of LUKS partition - (separate LVs for /, /home, and SWAP) sda5 - FAT32 for the most part everything seems to be working fine except the order of modules/components when Debian boots up. When I boot Debian, it first looks for the LVM VG and LV, and then the LUKS container. - I encrypted the PV, I thought the order should be the other way around. So when it boots, message on the screen says it failed to load the VG and the LVs and then gives me an option to enter my pass-phrase. Because I have LVM on top of LUKS I thought it would first open the LUKS container and then load the LVM container. I have the same problem when shutting down. It closes the LUKS container and then throws up an error saying it cannot find VG and LVs (or something similar). Of course it will not find hte VG once the LUKS container is closed. Not sure how this happened. Can anyone explain how to fix this. Thanks -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: LUKS and LVM sequence at boot and shutdown incorrect
Did you try to use the early option in cryptsetup ? It make sthe luks part being done earlier at boot time (in the cryptdisks-early boot script). did not know that, thanks for pointing it out. I did not read anything about it in the installation documentation. I thought the installer will be smart enough to figure out that it needs to open the LUKS container to get to the LVs. I will definitely read up on this issue. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: LUKS and LVM sequence at boot and shutdown incorrect
Thinking about it there surely is something to do about the initrd.img, I thought so too. looks like I need to build a new initrd.img. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: Installing firmware not available in the kernel
There has to be some instructions in the docs... let me check it. http://www.linuxtv.org/wiki/index.php/DVB_USB *** I should have looked harder, thanks for directing my attention to the documentation. should I just copy dvb-usb-af9015.fw to /lib/firmware Yep, so it seems and afterwards, re-connect the card. This worked without any fuss. I'm still very reluctant to update/install a new kernel :-P\ I agree, I am relatively new to linux world and there is a steep learning curve. I would rather not install software from backports. Thanks Camaleon. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: Desktop client(Evolution, Thunderbird): Yahoo, ymail, rocketmail IMAP access
For Yahoo the answer is yes, and no. Yahoo provide IMAP access but try and restrict it to mobile devices that won't run their Zimbra client. You'll have to make your MUA spoof a mobile device id - and you'll be on a treadmill... imap.mail.yahoo.com; SSL – port 993 My question was specifically relating to Desktop client. I know that Yahoo allows IMAP access to mobile devices. I would like to move away from Zimbra (it's not Yahoo owned anymore), and was curious if any other desktop clients could access Yahoo mail. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: Desktop client(Evolution, Thunderbird): Yahoo, ymail, rocketmail IMAP access
I guess the status quo has not changed over the last 4 years. There are lot of hacks for different clients but was hoping yahoo would make the IMAP access freely available. Scott's suggestion to make MUA spoof a mobile device id or to use Mutt dont look like much of an improvement over Zimbra. It's as good a client as any but does not integrate well with the desktop. I guess I will stick with zimbra. Thank you. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: How to install non-free firmware after installing Debian
Thanks -- Kind regards, Yudi
Installing firmware not available in the kernel
Hi, I am trying to get my USB DVB-T tuner working, dmesg says it needs dvb-usb-af9015.fw firmware, and also http://linuxtv.org/wiki/index.php/DigitalNow_TinyTwin_DVB-T_Receiver says it's supported since 2.6.34 (version2), I am on 2.6.32, should I move to 2.6.34 or higher or is there another way to get this working? here's dmesg output: [10102.576484] usb 1-7.3: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 12 [10102.672982] usb 1-7.3: New USB device found, idVendor=13d3, idProduct=3226 [10102.672989] usb 1-7.3: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3 [10102.672994] usb 1-7.3: Product: DVB-T 2 [10102.672999] usb 1-7.3: Manufacturer: Afatech [10102.673003] usb 1-7.3: SerialNumber: 01010101061 [10102.673202] usb 1-7.3: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice [10102.694719] dvb-usb: found a 'DigitalNow TinyTwin DVB-T Receiver' in cold state, will try to load a firmware [10102.694732] usb 1-7.3: firmware: requesting dvb-usb-af9015.fw [10102.698712] dvb-usb: did not find the firmware file. (dvb-usb-af9015.fw) Please see linux/Documentation/dvb/ for more details on firmware-problems. (-2) [10102.698731] dvb_usb_af9015: probe of 1-7.3:1.0 failed with error -2 [10102.702804] input: Afatech DVB-T 2 as /devices/pci:00/:00:1d.7/usb1/1-7/1-7.3/1-7.3:1.1/input/input16 [10102.702985] generic-usb 0003:13D3:3226.0005: input,hidraw3: USB HID v1.01 Keyboard [Afatech DVB-T 2] on usb-:00:1d.7-7.3/input1 http://paste.debian.net/126078/ -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: Installing firmware not available in the kernel
The card seems detected so why not installing the suggested firmware (review the mentioned doc for instructions on how to do this) and check if that works? :-? Greetings, -- Camaleón I am not sure how to do this. should I just copy dvb-usb-af9015.fw to /lib/firmware Or should I install kernel 2.6.34? To install Kernel 2.6.34 or higher, I believe I need to enable backports. I plan to install nvidia's driver and I had a problem before where every time after a kernel update (this was under Ubuntu), nvidia driver would break. I don't want to be in the same situation again. Once I setup the system I don't want to spend too much time fixing it. Whats the best option under this situation? -- Kind regards, Yudi
Desktop client(Evolution, Thunderbird): Yahoo, ymail, rocketmail IMAP access
Hi, Is Yahoo, Ymail, Rocketmail access (I am talking about the free access, not paid) still restricted using IMAP. I was using Zimbra and it works fine. Just installed a new system and was wondering if Yahoo made IMAP accessible to all the clients like Evolution and Thunderbird. Or is my only option Zimbra? I don't mind using it but would like to use evolution if possible. It integrates will with the desktop -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: restoring GRUB after windows 7 install along side Debian set-up with LUKS+LVM
W7 does not mangle the mbr any longer. After install, go to debian and run update-grub to get a bootable W7. Thierry This is incorrect. Win 7 will definitely wipe out GRUB. There are several ways to restore GRUB. It really depends on how one configured his setup. I had the following configuration: sda1 - win7 sda2 - /boot sda3 - LVM on top of LUKS partition - (separate LVs for /, /home, and SWAP) sda5 - FAT32 to restore GRUB I used the Debian DVD installer disk. choose: Advanced options rescue mode or Graphical rescue mode From the Debian installer main menu choose enter rescue mode then it prompted me for my passphrase for sda3 then it listed all the partitions/LVs/LUKS partitions and asked me to choose the root file system selected the LV with / then selected execute a shell in root filesystem this is where I got confused. I did not mount /boot as it was on a separate partition and was getting errors. Mounting sda2 at /boot fixed the issue. the following two commands were the only ones I had to execute to get back GRUB. mount /dev/sda2 /boot grub-install /dev/sda all done. rebooted and everything was back to normal. I hope this helps anyone with the same issue. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: restoring GRUB after windows 7 install along side Debian set-up with LUKS+LVM
W7 does not mangle the mbr any longer. After install, go to debian and run update-grub to get a bootable W7. Thierry This is incorrect. Win 7 will definitely wipe out GRUB. There are several ways to restore GRUB. It really depends on how one configured his setup. I had the following configuration: sda1 - win7 sda2 - /boot sda3 - LVM on top of LUKS partition - (separate LVs for /, /home, and SWAP) sda5 - FAT32 to restore GRUB I used the Debian DVD installer disk. choose: Advanced options rescue mode or Graphical rescue mode From the Debian installer main menu choose enter rescue mode then it prompted me for my passphrase for sda3 then it listed all the partitions/LVs/LUKS partitions and asked me to choose the root file system selected the LV with / then selected execute a shell in root filesystem this is where I got confused. I did not mount /boot as it was on a separate partition and was getting errors. Mounting sda2 at /boot fixed the issue. the following two commands were the only ones I had to execute to get back GRUB. mount /dev/sda2 /boot grub-install /dev/sda all done. rebooted and everything was back to normal. I hope this helps anyone with the same issue. -- Kind regards, Yudi
restoring GRUB after windows 7 install along side Debian set-up with LUKS+LVM
Hi I will be installing Windows7 along side Debian on a 4 KB sector hard drive. Debian's configured with LVM on top of LUKS. From what I understand I can restore GRUB using the Debian install disk by going in to the advanced options and choosing rescue mode. What are the potential issues I need to be aware of before restoring GRUB using the Debian DVD install disk? -- Kind regards, Yudi
How to install non-free firmware after installing Debian
I installed Debian on a laptop and did not install the non-free firmware while installing Debian as I did not have the firmware files. During initial install, the installer detected the wireless card and prompted me to make the firmware available. I need to install* Intel(R) PRO/Wireless 3945ABG/BG Network Connection driver for Linux http://wiki.debian.org/iwlwifi* I downloaded the non-free firmware files and was looking for good documentation on how to install non-free firmware. So far I did not come across one on Debian site. I set up Debian with LVM on top of LUKS. Can someone point me in the right direction. -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: What are the 94 printable characters from the 128 characters of ASCII table?
Thanks Paul. Was having a tough time trying to understand. Instead of saying the following: It is highly advisable to only use the 94 printable characters from the first 128 characters of the ASCII table it would have been easier to understand if they simply said to use characters between 0x21 to 0x7e. -- Kind regards, Yudi
What are the 94 printable characters from the 128 characters of ASCII table?
Hi all, The 94 printable characters from the first 128 characters of the ASCII table are the the ones with Hex Codes 0x20 to 0x7E. Is this right? -- Kind regards, Yudi
Re: What are the 94 printable characters from the 128 characters of ASCII table?
Aaron, I know the ascii table. I just wanted to confirm the printable characters are from 0x20 to 0x7E. This is an important consideration while choosing a passphrase when using LUKS. On Mon, Jul 25, 2011 at 2:02 PM, Aaron Toponce aaron.topo...@gmail.comwrote: On Mon, Jul 25, 2011 at 01:28:04PM +1000, yudi v wrote: The 94 printable characters from the first 128 characters of the ASCII table are the the ones with Hex Codes 0x20 to 0x7E. Is this right? http://www.asciitable.com/ -- . o . o . o . . o o . . . o . . . o . o o o . o . o o . . o o o o . o . . o o o o . o o o -- Kind regards, Yudi
