Mail Server Really Slow

2016-01-18 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
Hi there, The server runs: - dovecot - apache (roundcube webmail) - sendmail - clamav-milter - amavisd-milter RAM: 4.10 GB CPU: QEMU Virtual CPU version (cpu64-rhel6), 5 cores The server is a VM on a host server that also provides http / mysql services. The host server runs cron jobs to poll

Re: Mail Server Really Slow

2016-01-18 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
The best way to see if disk IO is the problem is to run iostat. I run "iostat -x 10" as I find that if a disk is at high load for 10 seconds that usually means that there is a serious performance issue. In the top output you can see that multiple users have IMAP processes blocked on disk IO whic

Re: Mail Server Really Slow

2016-01-18 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
The best way to see if disk IO is the problem is to run iostat. I run "iostat -x 10" as I find that if a disk is at high load for 10 seconds that usually means that there is a serious performance issue. In the top output you can see that multiple users have IMAP processes blocked on disk IO

Re: Mail Server Really Slow

2016-01-18 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
The mail server VM FilesystemSize Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_1192521767-lv_root 22G 3.3G 18G 16% / tmpfs 2.9G 0 2.9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/vda1 477M 147M 305M 33% /boot /dev/mapper/vg_c-home

Re: Mail Server Really Slow

2016-01-18 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 0.350.000.39 27.750.04 71.46 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util .. dm-1 0.00 0.001.370.9510.97 7.61 8.00 1.

Re: Mail Server Really Slow

2016-01-18 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
On 19/01/16 13:24, Russell Coker wrote: dm-2 and dm-3 are the problem ones, 99% IO utilisation. Why do you use LVM inside a virtual machine? That offers no real benefit and makes things more difficult to debug things as it will be a pain if the VM doesn't boot properly and you need to fix that

Re: Mail Server Really Slow

2016-01-18 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
1. what kind of disks are these? HP Hardware Array with default LVM on it. This was just to take live snapshots of MySQL to be able to restart replication without issue. 2. is /home RAID-5? i'm guessing it is since RAID-10 with 3 drives and a hot-spare doesn't make any sense. RAID-5 can

Re: Mail Server Really Slow

2016-01-19 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
On 20/01/16 08:13, Craig Sanders via luv-main wrote: if you're wondering why Russell and I are asking all these questions it's because you haven't provided anywhere near enough details to answer your performance question. I just wanted to chime in that I really appreciate the help and have

Outlook.com "Smart screen" - SMTP traffic does not arrive.

2016-01-25 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
Has anyone had success in getting an new IP past the Smart screen content filter? MS support keep sending me canned responses. No messages arrive in the @outlook.com account Here is a manual try: -sh-4.2$ telnet mx1.hotmail.com 25 Trying 65.55.92.168... Connected to mx1.hotmail.com. Escape ch

Re: pxe server

2016-02-08 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
On 06/02/16 10:36, James Harper via luv-main wrote: Any suggestions? I did this on CentOS some years back. The easiest bit to get wrong was the right NIC driver being sent from the TFTP server. Cheers Piers ___ luv-main mailing list luv-main@

Amazon / Google + rsync for storage/backup

2016-02-22 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
Hi there, I am looking at options for backup storage. From reviewing prices storage is quite cheap but I get confused by the mix-'n-match nature of some of the cloud offerings. The alternative is to spin up a VM with out current providers but then cost per GB is large and there are some limit

Re: Amazon / Google + rsync for storage/backup

2016-02-22 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
On 23/02/16 07:05, Piers Rowan via luv-main wrote: Hi there, I am looking at options for backup storage. From reviewing prices storage is quite cheap but I get confused by the mix-'n-match nature of some of the cloud offerings. The alternative is to spin up a VM with out current prov

Email Clients

2016-03-01 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
Hi there, I currently use Thunderbird and have used Evolution in the past. I have a wish list that I wanted to share with the aim of perhaps finding an alternative. My criticisms with TB: - Changing the UI They added a archive button to some threads and this is on the right of the preview

Re: Email Clients

2016-03-01 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
On 02/03/16 10:19, Andrew McGlashan via luv-main wrote: Odd, does the behaviour of the "Del" key change in this instance? If not, why not just use that? I use DEL and CTRL DEL when I can discard the message based on subject. The remaining messages are previewed to make a decision on them.

gsutil -m rsync + Invalid Unicode path encountered error

2016-03-04 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
I am getting this error: Caught non-retryable exception while listing file:///home/backups/html/: CommandException: Invalid Unicode path encountered (u'/home/backups/499322._425050_.can._R\xe9 sum\xe9 - Jeremy Smith.pdf'). gsutil cannot proceed with such files present. Please remove or rename

Re: gsutil -m rsync + Invalid Unicode path encountered error

2016-03-05 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
On 05/03/16 15:30, Erik Christiansen via luv-main wrote: Well, a quick check of your post in vim, with "8g8" shows no illegal UTF characters anywhere. With "g8" you can read the UTF-8 for the character under the cursor, e.g. é is "c3 a9". Thanks for the tip - I am not much of a vim specialist

Cheap Home Cloud ~ Raspberry Pi + USB Drives

2016-07-29 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
Friday random semi-serious question; Like many people I have too much data some work, some create some family, some other...etc. I have some on some backup USB drives that I have never gone back to and also a few unplugged HDD's in the tower (I can't remember even why). I don't really want t

Re: Cheap Home Cloud ~ Raspberry Pi + USB Drives

2016-07-29 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
Not to distract from Piers's enquiry but isn't home cloud an oxymoron? You have no idea of where I live or how big my house is you insensitive clod!!! :-) I was on Newegg today and they have a product group called home cloud - its basically wireless NAS. My usage was to imply I don't

Re: Cheap Home Cloud ~ Raspberry Pi + USB Drives

2016-07-29 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
Any ideas? GFS? GFS (GFS2 being the supported version) is about multiple nodes using the same shared block devices, pretty much the opposite of what you need. Good! I've never managed to get it to work anyway! To satisfy the "remove one drive" criteria you want to have some user-space system

Re: Cheap Home Cloud ~ Raspberry Pi + USB Drives

2016-08-02 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
On 01/08/16 19:38, Erik Christiansen via luv-main wrote: A missing rsync argument: -c, --checksum Good point. (So even if I'm only nipping to the shops.) Data which exists only at one location exists only in your imagination, eventually, I figure. I agree. I have a storage server in Ge

Re: Cheap Home Cloud ~ Raspberry Pi + USB Drives

2016-08-18 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
- Set up a Raspberry Pi server which exposes a single file system - Link it to the USB HDD's of different sizes that I have lying around Just for the excitement factor I set up a 1.8TB USB drive off a Raspberry Pi. Currently we are @ ~ 500GB of data from a rsync of my desktop's /home par

Re: Cheap Home Cloud ~ Raspberry Pi + USB Drives

2016-08-18 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
That's a tick over 8Gb/hour, what are you complaining about? :^) Is that mainly due to the USB2 interface on the PI? And what file system are you running on the USB drive? Its an encrypted ext3 drive, which I am sure only adds to the overhead ___

MySQL - JOIN's, INDEX's and/vs seperate quiries

2016-08-20 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
Hi There, I am working on a query that I have used both joins and sub queries to try to make into something efficient. I have used the EXPLAIN command to make sure I am taking advantage of indexes and I have added them where they are lacking. The structure of the query looks like this: Peop

Re: Cheap Home Cloud ~ Raspberry Pi + USB Drives

2016-08-20 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
Recruit Online The i5-2520M CPU is a lot faster than what's in a RaspberryPi, but is it 1000* faster? It might be worth doing a Bonnie++ run. Also try running zcav (part of the Bonnie++ suite) to test sequential IO speed without encryption. I should probably look into it..but I hate to

Postfix + Dovecot (+MySQL)

2016-09-19 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
Hi there, I set up a VM a couple of weeks back as a mail server. I can send email via web mail and I can get email in but I can't get it to relay. cat /etc/postfix/main.cf | grep restrictions # overcome chroot restrictions. The alternative, having a copy of # through Postfix. See the smtpd_re

Re: Postfix + Dovecot (+MySQL)

2016-09-19 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
https://etbe.coker.com.au/2015/10/17/mail-server-training/ Looks like a good resource. The one I worked from had MySQL backed accounts and postadmin set up (+ a bunch of anti spam / anti virus stuff) It looks like you have missed out a SASL authentication mechanism. I recommend using Do

CentOS 7 Install + new SSD

2016-10-21 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
Hi there, I am doing a clean install of my personal desktop onto of a new SSD. Initially the system would not boot because of a "HSM Violation" so I disabled GSATA (motherboard fake RAID?) and that got me passed the initial error but now it hangs at : [OK] Mounted Configuration File System I ha

New Device Suggestions

2016-12-08 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
My kids school are getting Toshiba Portege Z20t so I checked them out and they look interesting. Basically it is a laptop / tablet machine. The important criteria for me include: - Runs Linux WELL - laptop / tablet / touch screen - Long battery life - Fast / Responsive - As large a screen as poss

Centos 7 + Clamd - Stops after first scan

2017-02-27 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
Hi all, clamdscan -v /tmp/xtestfile321.doc ERROR: Could not lookup : Servname not supported for ai_socktype --- SCAN SUMMARY --- Infected files: 0 Total errors: 1 Time: 0.003 sec (0 m 0 s) [root@textengine www]# service clamd status Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status clamd.ser

IDE & Tasks Lists ~ Cross Platform

2017-05-18 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
Hi all, We run CentOS on our servers and our dev machines are Linux or Windows (and probably a Mac somewhere but we don't like to talk about that guy!) We have grown quite a bit and having each dev running their pet dev environment seems eclectic and difficult to manage (aka manage down whe

Re: IDE & Tasks Lists ~ Cross Platform

2017-05-24 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
On 25/05/17 01:22, Craig Sanders via luv-main wrote: I just saw Erik's reply to this, hadn't noticed your original post until now. Thanks guys for your replies. I found these gems particularly beneficial: 1. instead asking "How much more time do you need to finish?". 2. Іf you want an abso

Driver will not compile x 2 USB Wifi / CentOS

2017-05-26 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
Hi there, I have tried both Netgear A6210 & TP-LINK Archer T2UH using a few different sources from git hub. All of them fail at *make* command. This is a common error for some sources: IEEE80211_NUM_BANDS’ undeclared here (not in a function) I am clutching at straws here but is there a libr

GMail + Email Client

2018-01-24 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
Hi there! We have moved to GMail from our own servers. For good reasons I have 4 mailboxes that I use. (At least one of which receives 200 messages per hour with a rule in place to move some of the content into folders). I am using Thunderbird right now and the performance of GMail vs our Do

Melbourne IT - anyone have any contacts?

2018-06-22 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
Hi there, Does anyone know someone in AU from here? I've got a massive problem because none of their automated stuff works (account recovery, etc) and support can't do anything until Monday. I normally post from another account but it won't work because the expired domain notice was send to an

Re: Melbourne IT - anyone have any contacts?

2018-06-23 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
Andrew McGlashan via luv-main wrote .. > > Sorry I can't help, but I wouldn't recommend Melbourne.IT to ANYBODY, We have one domain with them (which my Dad bought in 2000) and there were two other sites under the same account. One of the other domain owners recovered their domain access and ch

Re: hands-on training

2021-03-22 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
I still have that sever collecting dust. Let me know if it of use Russell. P On 22/3/21 5:23 pm, Russell Coker via luv-main wrote: I'm thinking of hands-on training that we can do over the Internet while we all wait for the vaccine. I'll note some suggestions below, please add any that you ca

Amazon RDS vs Red Hat mysql client using SSL

2022-01-16 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
Hi there, ERROR 2026 (HY000): SSL connection error: error:1425F102:SSL routines:ssl_choose_client_version:unsupported protocol I can connect using PHP fine (not using SSL) but when I use mysql CLI client I get this error. The documentation "fix" states that "I'm trying to connect to my Amazo

Re: Amazon RDS vs Red Hat mysql client using SSL

2022-01-16 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
On 17/1/22 10:26, Piers Rowan via luv-main wrote: Sorry for the post. The fix was adding to the CLI: --ssl-mode=DISABLED Which is a new one to me. Thanks Piers ___ luv-main mailing list -- luv-main@luv.asn.au To unsubscribe send an email to luv

Re: linux laptop

2022-08-25 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
On 26/8/22 09:28, Keech, Richard via luv-main wrote: hi folks, after a few years of using windows for my daily needs, I'm considering switching back to Linux.  Any thoughts on this

List files names by a number (and ieadly pipe them to rsync or just copy them to another folder

2022-11-26 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
Hi there, One of my clients has a storage pattern of: $number.$extension So it looks like this: 1.pdf 2.pdf 3.csv. 4.jpg . . . $n.$ext (Where $n is a fairly large number). There was a job running that didn't complete and I want to rsync only the files that they haven't got already. Somethin

Re: List files names by a number (and ieadly pipe them to rsync or just copy them to another folder

2022-11-27 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
18:21, Piers Rowan via luv-main wrote: One of my clients has a storage pattern of: $number.$extension So it looks like this: 1.pdf 2.pdf 3.csv. 4.jpg . $n.$ext (Where $n is a fairly large number). There was a job running that didn't complete and I want to rsync only the files that they hav

Re: List files names by a number (and ieadly pipe them to rsync or just copy them to another folder

2022-11-27 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
main wrote: On Sun, Nov 27, 2022 at 07:11:43PM +1000, Piers Rowan via luv-main wrote: Thanks for this David. I am pretty farmiliar with rsync which is why I think I need to use another command to move the copied ones by name/id < $x and then rsync the folder - more like a find type command I

sed on a large file

2022-12-10 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
Hi there, I have only used sed in a copy and paste basic way. If I open this file in vi it crashes on saving. Size = 4.6G This is a MySQL back up (and too large to transfer before the client needs it) - ie "correct" the data. I just need a way of setting: SET SQL_MODE = "NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZE

Re: sed on a large file

2022-12-10 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
. Thanks Piers On 11/12/22 16:58, Piers Rowan via luv-main wrote: Hi there, I have only used sed in a copy and paste basic way. If I open this file in vi it crashes on saving. Size = 4.6G This is a MySQL back up (and too large to transfer before the client needs it) - ie "correct"

Re: sed on a large file [SOLVED]

2022-12-11 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
On 11/12/22 19:05, Andrew Voumard wrote: What about: grep -v 'SET SQL_MODE' < test.sql >test-removed.sql sed -i 's/SET SQL_MODE/-- SET SQL_MODE/g' test.sql ...turned out to work. It does read line (not whole file) by line so it is very quick but writes to a tmp file and then renames it bac

Re: Mount android from linux via wifi

2022-12-16 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
On 17/12/22 09:13, Tim Hamilton via luv-main wrote: Anyone have any suggestions about how to mount the phone over wifi? I do have access to a Win machine, but I'd prefer a linux solution. Sorry I don't know about that but if it is losing charge then getting your data off - regardless of O

Life After CentOS

2022-12-17 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
I'm sure we have all used a few distros in the past (like many!). So CentOS is going away where to next? My main use case is LAMP servers (I us Ubuntu as my Desktop). Is Debain the best candidate or does stable lag to far behind? Is RHEL the only way forward because of the shallow learning cur

Re: Life After CentOS - Is anyone using OpenSuse?

2022-12-20 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
On 18/12/22 17:52, Piers Rowan via luv-main wrote: I'm sure we have all used a few distros in the past (like many!). So CentOS is going away where to next? https://www.opensuse.org/ I haven't used this one since I used Mandrake. It's RPM compatible but does anyone have som

Change a file name - remove a consistent string recursively

2023-01-11 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
Hi champions, I fell like I've asked this before or something similar. I have a structure like: /Dir1/123.junk.doc /Dir1/456.junk.pdf /Dir1/SubDir/1123.junk.doc /Dir1/SubDir/1456.junk.pdf /Dir2/SubDir/4321.junk.doc /Dir2/SubDir/7676.junk.pdf ...etc... I want some guidance as to how to make: 1

Re: Change a file name - remove a consistent string recursively

2023-01-12 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
On 12/1/23 18:50, David via luv-main wrote: Hi, guidance as requested: I assume you're seeking a commandline solution, not a GUI one. I only had a few directories so I just ran this a few times: rename ".original" "" */* The folder structure was /path/to/data//MM so cd /path/to/data/

Re: Windows on a Linux kernal ?

2023-03-26 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
On 27/3/23 09:52, Rohan McLeod via luv-main wrote: My questions are: -Is this a nighmare scenario ? It could be because all businesses need means of control over their products. It would sensible for them to port all of their non-OS products to Linux and then craft a Gnome spin off too lo

Postfix - virtual_alias - not working

2023-04-20 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
--/etc/postfix/main.cf: virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual virtual_alias_domains = ngungee.com inertiagh.com.au sunnycoastjobs.com /etc/postfix/virtual: # IGH Info Account i...@inertiagh.com.au    info_ingh ~~~ After making changes (via Webmin) nothing

Re: Email (SMTP+IMAP) Not working on ONLY my PC [SOLVED]

2023-07-31 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
The symptoms were that email was not working in both directions. The actual cause was my IP found its way to Fail2Ban. I can only assume that the mail clients I was using via IMAP (dovecot was the only ban entry) were using IMAP ***prior*** to sending a message to save drafts, add to sent or w

Chrome is suddenly slow

2024-01-10 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
Hi there, This affects most large sites like Xero or ANZ where it shows the grey bar with a URL it is trying to import (Xero google-stuff, A site of mine fontawesome, tinymce, etc.),  into the HTML document. After a minute or so the white screen remains and it is hit or miss if I get a loaded

Re: Chrome is suddenly slow

2024-01-10 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
On 11/1/24 10:45, Brian May wrote: Is it possible that a plugin is doing something weird? Do you have any plugins installed in your Chrome? Nothing new but I will check. Not sure how a Chrome browser plugin would affect Edge which I never use..___ l

Re: Chrome is suddenly slow

2024-01-10 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
On 11/1/24 11:06, Manoj C Menon wrote: Hi Piers, Edge and Chrome have a common code base. And some plugins work on both. More interesting exercise will be to try a dissimilar browser. Firefox for example. Unfortunately no difference in FF in side by side challenge. ___

Re: Chrome is suddenly slow

2024-01-10 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
On 11/1/24 11:06, Manoj C Menon wrote: Hi Piers, Edge and Chrome have a common code base. And some plugins work on both. More interesting exercise will be to try a dissimilar browser. Firefox for example. Unfortunately no difference in FF in side by side challenge. ___

Re: Chrome is suddenly slow : systemd-resolved

2024-01-10 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
On 11/1/24 10:30, Piers Rowan via luv-main wrote: Hi there, This seemed to have done it: sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager I have used VPNs before but systemd-resolved should just point to the router's DNS connection if there is a single network. I made the changes to

Systemd - Python

2024-02-27 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
Hi there, I am playing with Python so I have an application to start and stop services as a GUI. I would prefer not to type sudo python /path/to/script.py as I might as well just use the command line. This is just a useful toy to me to help learn a bit about Python. I hope to add to it dow

Ubuntu - Logs out or Crashes

2024-03-02 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
I have two expereinces: 1) I return to my computer log in and all of the applications / mounts / etc have been closed 2) While using the computer an error comes up (Virtualbox I think) and the computer restarts I have expereinced both log out and restart in real time. I've looked at dmesg

Re: Ubuntu - Logs out or Crashes

2024-03-03 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
On 3/3/24 20:14, Russell Coker wrote: Desktop or laptop? Have you run memtest86+? Not yet. Will try this AM. Running X or Wayland? Have you checked the xorg log or wherever wayland logs get to (maybe journalctl shows you). This is the only part that looks fishy (it logged me out again at

Re: Ubuntu - Logs out or Crashes

2024-03-03 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
On 4/3/24 07:18, Piers Rowan via luv-main wrote: On 3/3/24 20:14, Russell Coker wrote: Desktop or laptop?  Have you run memtest86+? Not yet. Will try this AM. grub-update shows me this: Memtest86+ needs a 16-bit boot, that is not available on EFI, exiting Seems like a road block. P

Re: Ubuntu - Logs out or Crashes

2024-03-04 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
On 4/3/24 19:58, Russell Coker wrote: What does "systemctl status app-gnome- ubuntu\x2dreport\x2don\x2dupgrade-30919.scope" report? Unit app-gnome-ubuntux2dreportx2donx2dupgrade-30919.scope could not be found. Lenovo Lenovo Yoga C740-14IML (Touch screen) 16.0 GiB / Intel® Core™ i7-105

Re: Ubuntu - Logs out or Crashes [Crash Report]

2024-03-07 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
This was in a crash report (I couldn't copy the whole thing). virtualboxvm crashed with SIGABRT in qmessagelogger::fatal() I'm going to remove VB and start again perhaps that is the underlying culprit. P ___ luv-main mailing list -- luv-main@luv.as

Re: Ubuntu - Logs out or Crashes

2024-03-07 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
On 8/3/24 10:52, Craig Sanders via luv-main wrote: 16GB isn't a lot these days. My guess is you're most likely running out of RAM. The best solution is to add more RAM to the system if possible. That is not possible with this model. The strange thing is that this behavior is recent. Runnin

Lets Encrypt - Timeout during connect (likely firewall problem)

2024-07-18 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
Hi there, I have a production server that has decided to not renew the certs. I have changed nothing except tried enough variations to now be rate limited. I suspect that as all of the challenges are over HTTP and all of the domains redirect to HTTPS then the challenges aren't getting through. I'

Re: Lets Encrypt - Timeout during connect (likely firewall problem)

2024-07-18 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
I've just updated the support server in the same account/firewall in AWS with this: certbot certonly --standalone --preferred-challenges http -d some.domain not a problem. Both servers are identical. Using --standalone I stopped and started apache; but still the production server fails with t

Re: Lets Encrypt - Timeout during connect (likely firewall problem)

2024-07-18 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
I just want to point out that at some point along the way some idiot updated 1/2 the production servers' IP addresses in the DNS but for the production testing environments they did not so. It would appear I was that idiot. These were dormant instances so I never got around to it. So if you get t

PHP Scrip - remove file dupes.

2024-08-03 Thread Piers Rowan via luv-main
Not sure if this helps any of you - or if you have some feedback.I've written a few versions of this over the years but this is ChatGPT doing it. Useful if you have same named files which are different and different named files that are the same file. Thanks P isFile()) { $files[]