At 11:39 -0500 02/15/2003, Paul F. Henegan wrote:

>PRAM is another form of non-volatile RAM
>
>There is a third form of non-volatile RAM called, oddly enough, NVRAM,

I just wanted to add (since I forgot to make it clear in my original 
message) that  none of these storage places are truly non-volatile. 
If one cuts the power to the CUDA chip or the SRAM chip the PRAM 
settings and the NVRAM contents (respectively) will be lost.    These 
storage areas achieve "non-volatile" status by virtue of the 
motherboard battery.    Without the battery or the trickle from the 
power supply, their contents evaporate.  Which is why unplugging the 
machine and removing the battery for several hours is a useful 
troubleshooting technique.

Chips such as ROMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs and Flash Memory truly are 
non-volatile (retain their contents without power) but they are 
slower and more difficult (or impossible) to write to.

Jeff Walther

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