I am not surprised that He has not been reported from the Lugano E-Cat test
heretofore.
Helium is hard to collect, being an inert gas, and at temperatures it diffuses
rapidly in porous materials. I would have said much of the He in the Lugano
test would have escaped the reactor, either during operation or upon opening
for inspection. Rossi may have gone to some extent to collect the He that he
is now reporting to confirm the Rossi--Cook theory of its generation.
I am surprised at the suggested incredible occurrence of He in the Hot Cat
test. It has been reported by SPAWARS and several others in early LENR
experiments and has been associated with excess heat. Some of these
experiments included Li in the reaction, making it a not-uncommon possible
reactant in cases where He was actually identified as a product.
This conversation leads me to guess at another mechanism to get to the high
Li-6 ratio Jones indicates is difficult to reach by any known means, including
expensive isotope separation processes. That mechanism would be the generation
of Li-6 from deuterium and or protium directly in the Ni and Pd lattices. It
may be that Li-6 was not necessary to produce He in the Pd lattice, but is
necessary in the Li--Ni lattice system. In other words in the Ni system to
arrive at the stable He nuclei it is necessary to go through the Be-8
configuration, using every bit of Li-7 available, and producing new Li-7 via
He-6 and Li-6 or some other route making use of the available protium as the
feed stock.
If the Lugano analysis of the ash for Li-6 ratio is accurate, I do not believe
that Li-6 could have been added after the completion of the test, given the
difficulty noted above to make such a highly concentrated Li-6 batch of metal
by any known means--Jones's observation, with which I agree.
It is clear that Li-7 is a lot better liked by nature than Li-6 given their
natural ratios. The wonder is that there is any Li-6 around if the natural
generation was via He-4. As Jones apply points out He-6 may be the smoking gun
to get to Li-6 and hence back to He the stable entity which nature likes
because of its high binding energy. The Second Law has strange ways of
expressing itself, particularly when it comes to nuclear reactions and coherent
systems.
Jones has suggested the coupling of Spin energy of a composite particle with
the strong force/energy field provided by gluons and the effective mass they
add to composite particles. It is suggested that the two "sources" of
composite particle energy may be exchangeable in terms of mass. I have not
heard of this, however, it may be the case.
Assuming a wave function exists for composite particles, then this coupling I
assume would be evident in the mathematics of the wave function. Does anyone
have knowledge of papers relative to this issue of the mechanism for the
exchange of spin energy to mass. (It should involve the conservation of
angular momentum as well as energy.)
Bob Cook
----- Original Message -----
From: Jones Beene
To: vortex-l@eskimo.com
Sent: Wednesday, April 08, 2015 10:51 AM
Subject: RE: [Vo]:mainstream physics paper bout the Hot Cat, co-author Andrea
Rossi
From: Bob Higgins
Jones, What is your evidence for your statement:
"The Lugano isotope data, even if it could be believed, completely negates
the entire scenario since Li-7 is NOT depleted according to the Lugano report -
but instead is converted to Li-6. "
First of all, there is a crude assay based on the size of the pure sphere -
and no evidence of large imbalance of Li-7 elsewhere. More importantly, 85
years of nuclear physics can present no thermal process where the bulk isotopic
distribution varies more than a few percent per stage, yet the Lugano report,
if it can be believed shows extremely pure Li-6 appearing in what is
essentially one stage in one sample – many orders of magnitude purer than any
know process can deliver.
There are three possibilities – either the starting material was enriched in
pure Li-6, which is most likely, or else the process of heat generation has
converted the missing Li-7 into Li-6, which is endothermic, and unlikely to
have happened in a process where excess heat is generated. The third
possibility is that the ash was spiked with pure isotope.
Neither of these possibilities can in any way support a conclusion of
lithium-7 plus proton fusion, especially with the lack of the expected gamma,
and no indication of helium.
To say that Levi’s crew did not test for helium is a complete cop-out and
only indicative of further incompetence on the part of this team. With this
claimed excess heat over 30 days there should have been a large amount of
helium, actual overpressure: that is - if lithium fusion were taking place. A
sample of gas should at least have been stored for later testing.
Most likely conclusion – Rossi understood from the start that lithium-6 is
the active isotope, and he provided fuel which was highly enriched, and at the
same time, provided a different fuel for the testing of the “before” sample.
Only Rossi handled this fuel. He had complete control, and no one complained.
BTW - The cost of that much lithium-6 (about 50 milligrams) available from
several suppliers, is about $10.
Jones
What I drew from the report was the only thing that can be concluded was that
the 7Li is more commensurate to the 6Li in the ash as compared to the fuel.
There was no mass assay that determined how much total Li was present in the
ash compared to the fuel. We know that physically, a lot of the Li will be on
the walls of the alumina tube, so we don't have any idea of the absolute
depletion of Li mass in the reaction.
While it is possible that the 7Li is converted to 6Li, it is only one of the
possibilities. The ICP-MS analysis is a full volume analysis and showed both
Li isotopes near equal in percentage in the ash. How these isotopes became
nearly equal is just blind speculation at the moment without further
experimental data. All of the possibilities for the ratio change from fuel to
ash should be laid out and the plausibility of each examined.
Bob
