Isn't this the form of titanium compound used in the printing industry, to make all those glossy brochures and catalogs..?
On Thu, Apr 21, 2016 at 1:21 PM, Jones Beene <[email protected]> wrote: > Titanium is an excellent proton conductor which was used as an active > metal host early in the history of LENR and has recently turned up in > reports of overunity from Russia/Ukraine. Iron-oxide, as hematite, has > famously appeared (as Shell 105) as Holmlid’s preferred catalyst for > hydrogen densification. > > The reason for this post is to propose an alternative to the Mills > redundancy mechanism - suggesting that titanium, combined with Holmlid’s > catalyst - could be a very efficient route to UDH in low temperature > experiments (not the glow tube, or the laser experiments per se). Mills > and Holmlid are closer, theoretically, than you might imagine and Mills > landmark patent is set to expire in 10 months. > > Yet, the CQM entry for titanium shows it as becoming activated after > losing 5 valence electrons to open a catalytic hole at a whopping 190 eV. This > is not feasible without a plasma – or so it would seem. Yet, Prof. John Dash > stated (20 years ago) that titanium is more active for LENR than palladium > in his cold experiments ! Izumida in 1990 published on Ti in the > prestigious “Fusion Technology” and Kopecek and Dash saw “Excess heat and > unexpected elements from electrolysis of heavy water with titanium > cathodes” in 1996 and Bashkirov and Lipson, from Russia reported the > same. Therefore, titanium LENR is not new, is active at low temperature, > and success was seen in condensed matter (solid-phase) … if we assume > that hydrogen must be absorbed into the cathode as a hydride. > > Since TiH2 is also an efficient way to get hydrogen into an experiment > without plumbing – there is a simplicity advantage to using it, especially > combined with other catalysts for faster “densification”. Mills generally > chooses 3-6 different catalysts working together. > > Titanium hydride has become a low-priced commodity material, at least from > China > (Alibaba). A kilogram of TiH2 can be had for about the price of a beer at > a Giants game – and you get the metal loaded with hydrogen, fully > embrittled, so to speak. And when some of the hydrogen is released from > the hydride, a natural porosity is left. > > Back to the CQM theory. The catalytic hole at 190 eV is next to > impossible to achieve without a plasma, even as a transient state in the > hottest glow tube, so it would seem that Mills’ theory is irrelevant… > but, hold on … let’s consider a special type of multibody reaction that > would only work at moderate temperature. Turns out that titanium has a > first ionization potential at 6.8 eV which is a quarter of the Rydberg > (Hartree) energy, and is the only transition metal to have such a value, > meaning > that on paper, four titanium atoms operating together would express an > alternative > to the Mills catalytic “hole.” Multibody reactions would be unlikely in > gas or plasma phase, or at high temperature but in a FCC crystal > structure with 14 atoms of Ti, we have a stable solid phase structure > where it should be possible (on a regular basis - thousands of times per > second) to have 4 electrons temporarily displaced - enough to create the > required catalytic window- not as Mills suggests, but in an effective > alternative so long as the hydrogen can be retained in the matrix (requiring > low temperature). This multibody route can explain the comment of Dash > that titanium is more active than palladium for gain. > > A 5-body reaction in the solid phase of a crystal should not be written > off as improbable, even if a 3 body reaction in the gas phase is admittedly > improbable. AFAIK - Mills has never mentioned a route which depends on 4 > catalyst atoms each loosing 6.8 eV to arrive at the necessary 27.2 eV hole. > Nevertheless, I think this could be viable as a route for first stage > redundancy, happening at low temperature and would augment other > catalysts which work at deeper levels of redundancy, particularly > hematite. > > The downside is that as a practical matter, such a low temperature device > would only makes sense if it operates to produce UDH as a fuel which > would be extracted and used elsewhere, with or without a laser. > > The largest problem involves the chemistry of iron oxide, with which the > TiH would optimize and the fact that it is reactive even as an oxide. The > combination of any active metal with iron oxide brings up so-called “thermite > reaction.” This could happen with titanium instead of aluminum, but the > trigger temperature would be greater and the chemical reaction would seem > to be insignificant if the reactor is keep relatively cool. > > In short – the features of using titanium hydride with hematite for more > efficient densification, seem to favor using low power input to > “manufacture” UDH in the first of a two-step process. The proof is in the > pudding, and since Mills/BLP has not focused on this route in the past, > there would need to be strong evidence as the presumption is that they > missed it because it doesn’t work. >
