In reply to Jones Beene's message of Thu, 21 Apr 2016 10:21:36 -0700: Hi, [snip] >Back to the CQM theory. The catalytic hole at 190 eV is next to impossible to >achieve without a plasma, even as a transient state in the hottest glow tube, >so it would seem that Mills theory is irrelevant but, hold on lets >consider a special type of multibody reaction that would only work at moderate >temperature. Turns out that titanium has a first ionization potential at 6.8 >eV which is a quarter of the Rydberg (Hartree) energy, and is the only >transition metal to have such a value, meaning that on paper, four titanium >atoms operating together would express an alternative to the Mills catalytic >hole. Multibody reactions would be unlikely in gas or plasma phase, or at >high temperature but in a FCC crystal structure with 14 atoms of Ti, we have a >stable solid phase structure where it should be possible (on a regular basis - >thousands of times per second) to have 4 electrons temporarily displaced - >enough to create the required catalytic window- not as Mills suggests, but in >an >effective alternative so long as the hydrogen can be retained in the matrix >(requiring low temperature). This multibody route can explain the comment of >Dash that titanium is more active than palladium for gain.
1) When metal atoms combine in a lattice the energy levels of the valence electrons change, so they no longer add to 190 eV. You may have more luck using the work function of the metal (which will be influenced by "contaminants"). 2) The catalytic hole is an absorption hole, IOW Ti will accept 190 eV from H as the H shrinks, with Ti losing the first 5 of it's electrons as a result. It's as though the H "boils off" the Ti electrons. 3) Getting hold of atomic Ti may mean at least using Ti vapor. The boiling point of Ti is 3287°C. Although alternatively you could use electrolysis where Ti is formed from a salt at the cathode, one atom at a time. The problem here however is that cathodes need to be conducting, i.e. usually metallic so the newly minted Ti atoms are going to join the lattice, implying a very short or even non-existent window for a shrinkage reaction to take place. (Carbon cathode perhaps?) 4) The energy released by each H atom shrinking 7 levels in one go would be 856.674 eV, of which 190 eV is used to ionize the Ti (and later released as the Ti reclaims it's missing electrons). 5) I suspect that the importance of Ti for LENR is more likely to be that it is a spillover catalyst. Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html
