At 12:30 PM 4/5/2012, Daniel Rocha wrote:
If you are not concerned with a narrow broad band, you could use a
blackbody emission. According to Wien's displacement law, 14.8THz to 22.5THz,
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wien%27s_displacement_law#Frequency-dependent_formulation>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wien%27s_displacement_law#Frequency-dependent_formulation
gives 251K to 387K.
The frequencies of interest are far infrared, or sometimes called
mid-infrared. Blackbody emissions certainly exist in the range, but
are are at low levels and are not coherent.
I've been speculating, though, as an aside, that the erratic results
of cold fusion might have to do with the presence or absence of
environmental THz radiation. I don't know if anyone looked for this,
and don't place a lot of weight on the idea....
The beat frequency signal generated in the dual laser stimulation
work will be coherent. It appears that the gold particles that form
the gold plating may re-radiate the beat frequency, causing effects
in the PdD below. (There is an objection that the excess heat effect
might be happening directly in the gold layer, but I'm setting that
aside for the time being, though it cannot yet be absolutely ruled out).
It is unknown whether or not the stimulation must be coherent.
So, a resistive heater would give you the upper band and for the
lower band, you'd need a Terahertz source:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terahertz_radiation>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terahertz_radiation
The frequencies of interest are approximately 8, 15, and 22 THz,
which are above what the article calls "Terahertz radiation."
Like this one:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backward_wave_oscillator>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backward_wave_oscillator
The frequencies involved are outside the band of interest.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photomixing is more to the point. The
theory is that the gold particles serve as the mixer.
It is unclear that an external source at the frequencies involved
would work. The emitted infrared would have to penetrate the
experimental cell wall and the intervening electrolyte. The visible
light lasers do that, mixing, it's proposed, at the surface.
(no more new content below)
2012/4/5 Abd ul-Rahman Lomax <<mailto:a...@lomaxdesign.com>a...@lomaxdesign.com>
I've been looking at:
Letts, D. and P.L. Hagelstein. Stimulation of Optical Phonons in
Deuterated Palladium. in ICCF-14 International
Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.
<http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/LettsDstimulatio.pdf>http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/LettsDstimulatio.pdf
This work has not received adequate attention.
There is more at
<http://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol3.pdf>http://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol3.pdf
-- page 59 et seq. (PDF page 65)
Summary:
A cathode of palladium foil is prepared, according to a protocoal
which Letts has found has high success at producing excess heat. The
cathode is loaded to perhaps 85% (?), then an alternate anode of
gold is energized, and gold is thus plated onto the cathode.
Electrolysis power is maintained after the loading period and
through the experiment.
The cathode is illuminated at a spot with two lasers, tuned to
produce beat frequencies in the range of 3-22 THz.
Many experimental issues remain to be explored. However, aside from
some unlikely possibilities, it appears that there is a strong
response to stimulation, such that when there is, under the
experimental conditions, no laser stimulation, or stimulation
off-resonance, there is little or no XP. The response appears to be
quantitatively predictable. Further, that there would be such a
response was predicted from theory by Hagelstein. However, it is not
my purpose here to go into the Hagelstein's theory and its
implications, except to note that this work may be helping to
elucidate conditions under which cold fusion takes place. It is the
level of control that is important.
(One of the problems in the field is that there may be alternate
conditions, there is not necessarily just one mechanism. We need to
keep that in mind. For example, the Letts work generally involves
using a strong magnetic field, whereas other work shows XP without a
strong field. On the other hand, perhaps only a weak field is
needed! Such as that of the earth. Field orinetation might matter!
One of the avenues of approach here is to explore the effect across
a range of magnetic field strengths and orientations. Obviously, as
well, laser stimulation is not a necessary cause of XP under all
conditions. The Letts cells may be, I can speculate, held at a
loading level under that where the normal FPHE arises; but the THz
stimulation shoves them into activity.)
In order to replicate this work, THz stimulation is required. To do
it as Letts did it is expensive.
How can stimulation, perhaps at 14.8 THz or 21.78 THz, be arranged?
It may be possible to obtain inexpensive laser diodes chosen in
pairs to produce these frequencies, or close enough. (How close is
necessary is a matter to be explored). The power need not be high,
there are signs that the triggering threshold may be below 1 mW per
laser. It may be possible to tune inexpensive diodes by controlling
their temperature, over a limited range.
Filters in the THz region might also be obtained or fabricated.
For general interest, I'll add some results of prior discussion. The
gold deposit appears to be necessary for laser stimulation to have
an effect. It is that layer, perhaps, that mixes the two laser
frequencies, producing the effective beat frequency.
Plans are underway to analyze cell atmosphere and used cathodes for
helium, and, at least at first, this could be an important aspect of
this work. There is speculation that the resonance above 20 THz is
due to hydrogen, and so the product from that stimulation might not
be helium! It is conceivable that the cathode design with a gold
deposit traps helium, better than an open cathode would. If so, full
analysis of the cathode might reveal a great deal of information
about reaction site as well as, perhaps, better determination of
reaction Q (heat/helium) than has previously been obtained.
Any brainstorming, especially informed, on how to generate the THz
stimulation will be appreciated. My goal, generally, has been to
lower the entry cost for doing important cold fusion experimental work.
--
Daniel Rocha - RJ
<mailto:danieldi...@gmail.com>danieldi...@gmail.com
