Dave, the interaction is unique and not related to the strong force
as normally defined. Some additional kind of interaction is revealed
by the phenomenon. Or perhaps the "strong force" is poorly
understood. In any case, the two protons "know" that they have too
much mass-energy for the distance. If the distance is reduced too
quickly, as during hot fusion, all the energy either comes out as a
single intense gamma or the resulting nucleus fragments. CF allows
the process to occur slowly enough for the details to be seen.
The structure creates a condition in which the proton can oscillate
along the chain created by the linear molecule. This oscillation is
fueled by the temperature in the NAE region, which is much greater
than the bulk temperature, and by attraction when the protons are far
apart and repulsion when they get too close. The only thing making
this structure unique is the ability of the protons to get closer than
any other way, but for only a brief time. In contrast, the muon allows
this close distance, but once the distance is reduced, the loss of
energy is immediately total, causing hot fusion. In this case, the
process is not stopped and goes to completion as expected. In the
case of the Hydroton, the resonance moves the proton close only for a
brief time, which allows only a short burst of energy release. The
resonance cycle then moves the proton too far away to cause energy
release. The next cycle brings the two protons close again. I would
attach a picture but Vortex does not like attachments.
This process allows only a short time for the energy to be released as
a proton (gamma), with a repeated release created by the resonance,
thereby creating the observed behavior.
Ed Storms
On May 27, 2013, at 9:07 AM, David Roberson wrote:
Ed, do you consider the emission of photons as a result of
interaction of the protons due to the coulomb force between them or
the strong force? It seems that the initial distances are much to
far apart to involve interaction by strong force.
Dave
-----Original Message-----
From: Edmund Storms <stor...@ix.netcom.com>
To: vortex-l <vortex-l@eskimo.com>
Cc: Edmund Storms <stor...@ix.netcom.com>
Sent: Mon, May 27, 2013 10:11 am
Subject: Re: [Vo]:Isotope separation technology can be improved
On May 27, 2013, at 12:17 AM, Harry Veeder wrote:
On Sat, May 25, 2013 at 10:30 AM, Edmund Storms <stor...@ix.netcom.com
> wrote:
On May 24, 2013, at 10:38 PM, Harry Veeder wrote:
The process you have described has the characteristics of a
ratchet. Curiously, Jones used the ratchet metaphor in another
post where he characterised the effect of modulating the input on
the cell.
Yes Harry, this can be called a ratchet. All kinds of ratchets
exist in Nature. The challenge is to find the cause. In this case,
the nuclei have to communicate before they have fused into a single
nuclei. The form of htat communication is unknown, but very
important. Once discovered, this will get someone the Nobel prize.
Imagine the following sequence. The nuclei are held apart by an
electron bond, which is normally the case. Once formed, this
structure starts to resonate so that the two nuclei get
periodically closer together. As they approach each other,
information is exchanged between the nuclei that tells them they
have too much mass -energy for being this close. After all, if they
were in contact, the excess mass-energy would be 24 MeV if the
nuclei were deuterons. But they are not in contact yet, so that the
excess mass-energy is less than the maximum. Nevertheless, this
excess must be dissipated, which each nuclei does by emitting a
photon having 1/2 of the excess energy for the distance achieved.
After the photons are emitted, the resonance moves the two nuclei
apart, but this time not as far as previously the case. The next
resonance cycle again brings the nuclei close, but this time they
come closer than before, again with emission of two photons. This
cycle repeats until all energy has been dissipated and the two
nuclei are in contact. The intervening electron, that was necessary
to the process, is sucked into the final nucleus. Because very
little energy is released by entry of the electron, the neutrino,
if it is emitted at all, has very little energy available to carry
away.
This process, I suggest, is the unique and previously unknown
phenomenon that CF has revealed.
Ed,
Typically we associate quantization with attractive forces as is
the case with an electron and a proton in a hydrogen atom, but your
system involves quantization with repulsive forces.
Like charges repel and unlike charges attract. Quantization is
always a balance between attraction and repulsion. Consequently, I
do not understand your point.
Resonance occurs when an object can alternate between between
attraction and repulsion. This combination results in forces that
can move an object between these two extremes as long as energy is
supplied.
If pushing an electron and proton apart can happen in steps through
the absorption of photons, I guess it follows that pushing together
of protons can happen in steps through the emission of photons.
Your description is not correct. Photon emission only occurs when
the electron RETURNS to its original energy level.
I'm not suggesting the electron has an role in emitting a photon.
I'm proposing that a photon is emitted FROM THE NUCLEUS when two
nuclei get too close to each other. Nuclei can not normally get this
close. Consequently, the process is not normally possible. The
conditions in the NAE make this possible.
However, in the former situation "the pushing apart" is the effect
but the absorption of the photons is the cause, whereas in the
latter situation the pushing together is the cause, and the
emission of photons is effect....or is it? ;-)
The protons try to get close, but this is not possible because of
the Coulomb barrier. Nevertheless, at a critical distance, they
discover that if they gave off a little energy they could get
closer. This is like an explosive suddenly discovering that if it
rearranged the atoms, it could give off energy. In the case of the
protons, the resonance process intervenes and stops the energy
release before it can be complete. As a result, only a photon having
low energy can be released. But then resonance again brings the two
protons close and another photon is emitted from each proton. This
process repeats until all energy is removed and the final nucleus is
formed.
Ed Storms
If it is the cause, then the emission of photons serves to pull the
protons together.
Harry
PS. Wikipedia says the fractional quantum hall effect also
involves quantized states of repulsion although they are between
electrons rather than protons and deuterons.
