Re: [apple-crop] Liquid Lime Sulfur?
I was surprised by Vincent’s comment that liquid lime sulfur is a “normal” choice for post-infection in his area. My recollection is that its use quickly went out of favor when ferbam and captan became available, mostly because of reduced photosynthetic ability of LLS-damaged leaves. Maybe the poor fruit set and lower-sugar apples are less apparent if those sprays are not repeated, compounding the damage. How are the Quebec growers avoiding LLS injury, Vincent? Concerning Dave Rosenbergers suggestion that burning the leaves sufficiently to stop growth of the fungus might be beneficial, I have wondered whether captan and oil could be used for that purpose, but I have never tried it. If no one knows of any such trial, I may give it a try this year. I would expect to loose the crop, but hopefully sufficient new foliage would develop to make flower buds for next year. David Kollas Kollas Orchard; CT On Apr 7, 2016, at 2:17 PM, David Doud <david_d...@me.com> wrote: > LLS was out of favor here before I started spraying, but I do have some > references and dad used to talk about it - > > from 1944 ‘Spray Chemicals’ - “The disadvantages are that liquid lime-sulfur > is very disagreeable to use owing to its causticity. Also this causticity is > blamed for subsequent foliage dwarfing, injury, loss of foliage, reduction in > rate of photosynthesis, and fruit russeting of apples…Young tender tissue > contains abundant oxygen, and these polysulfides immediately satisfy > themselves by taking the oxygen supply from the leaf tissue. As a result, > normal leaf functions are temporarily disrupted and desiccation of marginal > cells, or "burning” takes place. The leaves take on a “crinkled” appearance > and rarely develop normally. This reaction also offers an explanation for > sulfur russeting during the pre-pink, pink, and petal fall stage of fruit > formation…” > > there is varietal variation in regard to susceptibility to LLS injury - > > In your situation, I would be very conservative using LLS until the foliage > has a chance to dry and harden - at least one good sunny day of well above > freezing temps and no more freezing temperatures forecast - but whadda I > know? > > I’m in about the same situation as you - sitting here at 1/2” green, a couple > of long wetting periods and 3”+ of rain at mostly cold temps but enough 50*+ > hours to cause concern - two nights, one 24*, one 23* earlier this week and > two more forecast for saturday morning and sunday morning - the orchard is > soaked and soggy and there is still pruning brush in the way some places - > not to mention high winds for the last 4 days - and 30mph gusts today - > > I’m not going to worry too much - after we get out of this weather pattern > and I can get thru the plantings I’ll get a protectant on and scout carefully > after symptoms have time to develop - I’ve conserved chemicals like Syllit, > Topsin-M, Rally, and the like and feel like if I need to I can knock out an > infection if one develops - > > Dad used to talk about the year they got scab started at green tip and the > frustrating season long fight afterwards - it was before I was born and I > don’t recall specifically which year he mentioned, but it was a big deal - I > think we have some better options today to deal with that situation - at > least I hope so - > > Good luck - > David > > >> On Apr 7, 2016, at 12:56 PM, David Kollas <kol...@frontier.com> wrote: >> >> >> Does anyone have enough experience with liquid lime sulfur to comment >> on it as an emergency >> choice for application before rains have stopped during the current long >> infection period? It is listed as >> having 72-96 hours back-action in the New England Tree Fruits Management >> Guide. >> In my particular situation, Half-Inch Green stage tissues were exposed >> many hours during two of >> the previous three nights to 18-20 degrees F, and are probably extra >> sensitive to captan penetration >> and phytotoxicity. >> >> David Kollas >> Kollas Orchard >> Connecticut >> >> ___ >> apple-crop mailing list >> apple-crop@virtualorchard.net >> http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop > > ___ > apple-crop mailing list > apple-crop@virtualorchard.net > http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop
[apple-crop] Liquid Lime Sulfur?
Does anyone have enough experience with liquid lime sulfur to comment on it as an emergency choice for application before rains have stopped during the current long infection period? It is listed as having 72-96 hours back-action in the New England Tree Fruits Management Guide. In my particular situation, Half-Inch Green stage tissues were exposed many hours during two of the previous three nights to 18-20 degrees F, and are probably extra sensitive to captan penetration and phytotoxicity. David Kollas Kollas Orchard Connecticut ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop
Re: [apple-crop] apple size
Mosbah: I wonder if the attached PDF might not have been what you intended? Or maybe it was sent to an unintended address? David On Jan 13, 2016, at 10:24 AM, Kushad, Mosbah Mwrote: > ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop
Re: [apple-crop] Apple skin disorder
Today I have some additional observations concerning the skin disorder. The fruits in the photos of my previous posting were collected by my wife, Janet, during her sorting of fruit for the farm salesroom. Yesterday I asked her to notice, during sorting, whether spotted fruits were randomly distributed in the crates; or instead perhaps, only found in contact with the walls or bottom of the crates. In today’s sorting, she found the spots only on fruits bearing against a wall or bottom. Only about 25 percent of such fruits showed the spots. The crates we use are standard 6 gallon plastic milk crates made in Connecticut. To prevent cutting of fruit by the sharp-edged interior walls of these crates, we installed polypropylene mesh on all interior surfaces. We have used these tamed crates for harvest,storage, sorting,and sales display for the past 15 years. No post-harvest dips or flooding is applied. No calcium sprays have been used pre harvest or post harvest. Every year, some or most of the crates are cleaned and sanitized to remove dust and visible fungus.The cleaning/sanitizing is done by dipping crates in an aqueous mix of household bleach and dishwasher detergent. Janet and I sort of split the responsibilities here; we call her the Vice President for Marketing, so crate cleaning fell to her. She asked me about skipping the rinse step last summer. I said, Sure, the chlorine evaporates and disappears. I, ahh...did not consider possible burn to fruit from the detergent. I think now the rinse step will be reinstated. I would rather have found some explanation that would leave me guiltless, but I do feel better in the confidence that this injury will not likely appear here in future years. Dave R.: I appreciate your efforts and willingness to elaborate as you do. This particular skin disorder may never present itself to you again, but if it does, you will think of this unusual explanation to add to your list of possibilities. David Kollas Kollas Orchard On Nov 29, 2015, at 7:48 PM, David A. Rosenberger <da...@cornell.edu> wrote: > Hello, David — > > Did you apply any postharvest treatments to the affected fruit? Do the spots > appear at points of fruit contact in the boxes as the fruit come out of > storage? If answers to these two questions are positive, then toxicity from > postharvest treatment solutions due to slow drying at contact points might be > involved. If answers to the first two questions are negative, then my final > question is whether you applied calcium sprays in the field during late > summer? > > As you can tell, I don’t know the cause of the damage shown in your photos. > However, I have received or been sent photos of similar problems from many > growers and consultants over the past 5 to 8 years. As you indicted, I have > frequently noted what appears to be damage originating from a lenticel but > then spreading to kill epidermal cells around the affected lenticel. In > those cases, I suspect (but cannot prove) that the damage resulted from > uptake via the lenticels of some toxicant (calcium, captan, other pesticide, > air pollutants?) that weakened but did not immediately kill the cells around > the lenticel. However these weakened cells later died during storage, > resulting in blackened lenticels. And I suspect that diffusion of the > toxicant from the lenticel entry point slowly killed other epidermal cells > around that lenticel. In some cases, the toxicant may have been applied in a > postharvest treatment, but I suspect that most damage of this kind is > initiated in the field. Your photos, especially the one showing damage on > the calyx points of the fruit, suggests that sprayed product may have pooled > at the low points of the fruit during a preharvest spray, thereby allowing > for excessive uptake that contributed to subsequent cell death during > storage. In some cases, I have wondered if fruit that are too close to a > sprayer nozzle during late season sprays may end up with lenticels that are > damaged by direct exposure to the high-pressure output from passing nozzles, > but I doubt that was the case for your fruit where single lesions seem to > predominate. > > I wish we knew what the offending toxicants and/or contributing factors > really are. Or, if anyone has a better explanation for the damage in the > photos, I would love to hear it. > > > Dave Rosenberger, Plant Pathologist, > Hudson Valley Lab, P.O. Box 727, Highland, NY 12528 > > >> On Nov 28, 2015, at 2:16 PM, David Kollas <kol...@frontier.com> wrote: >> >> >> >> The two photos here show a skin-deep discoloration
Re: [apple-crop] Winter Injury
Richard: The rootstock shown in the photos is all MM106. I bud-grafted them knee-high 38 years ago, and they were planted at variable depths. Jonagold produced particularly large swellings at the graft union, as is evident in photo #2. Photo #1 is Macoun/MM106. The apple-crop server may still be having trouble getting mail to me. I have seen your reply and that of Brian Nelson, but not the one you reference from “Dave R”, whom I am guessing is Dr. Rosenberger. I have not opened any of the affected trees to look for borer galleries in the wood, but shot-holes can be seen entering bark and penetrating inward in wood. Borer activity could account for the late appearance of weeping, which can also appear in April and May on winter-injured trees without borers. David K. On Sep 11, 2015, at 9:41 AM, Richard J. Ossolinski <oss...@myfairpoint.net> wrote: > Sorry for your trouble, David, but pleased to hear Dave R.'s reply, as I > think he identified issues typical to my trees as well, particularly: >> >> B. dothidea is commonly present in the dying outer bark of apple trees where >> it seems to function primarily as a saprophyte or a weak pathogen. In trees >> that are not drought stressed, it remains superficial although it appears to >> contribute to the development of round patches of flakey bark (red oval >> area) or circles where flakey bark has fallen (red circle), off as shown in >> photo 1799 where I added the red markings. It can also cause warty growth >> on small branches and/or black pustule-like structure such as those that I >> think I am seeing on the right-hand side of the trunk in photo 1818. > > Am curious as to what rootstock you have under these trees. > Thanks, > Ozzie > > Richard J. Ossolinski > 33 Sargeant Rd. > Gouldsboro, ME 04607 > 207 963-4082 > > If you've received this message it is because you've asked to be included on > this list, or our similar interests somewhere along the way have caused our > paths to cross. Please let me know if you no longer wish to receive these > harvest updates, and I will remove your name from this mailing list. > > > > > > <100_8231.jpeg> > On Sep 10, 2015, at 4:40 PM, David Kollas wrote: > >> I think this is winter injury (photos;4) but I am surprised that the >> oozing did not show up much earlier. As well as I can recall, I did not >> notice oozing >> and staining of the bark when these trees were hand thinned in July. It is >> more common on Jonagold than on Macoun and Melrose, and I have >> seen little or none on Empire and other varieties. The trees were pruned >> moderately-plus, in severity, mostly before the sub-zero (F.) temperatures >> of January and February. The injury is not limited to any particular compass >> direction of the tree, but it is more common on west than east. >> I attribute the tiny, neat, round holes to opportunistic interloping >> insects, rather than to something that might have introduced a disease. >> But I am open to other ideas, and I wonder if others have seen similar >> symptoms in the summer season. >> >> David Kollas >> Kollas Orchard >> Tolland, Connecticut, USA >> >> >> I >> ___ >> apple-crop mailing list >> apple-crop@virtualorchard.net >> http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop > ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop
Re: [apple-crop] crop prospects
Jon: I have been asking myself question like those you have mentioned. Snowball and nearly synchronous bloom is what I have on most varieties here also; and with uncommonly warm temperatures I expected to see a lot of eager honeybees in the trees these past several days. They were not there. Nor in the dandelions that are more abundant than normal around the orchard. Activity at the hives seemed decent, so I wondered whether a solid field of dandelions somewhere else might be attracting them. My beekeeper opened several hives and pointed out the light-colored pollen that had been packed into frame cells…as well as some orange-colored pollen in other cells. He said the lighter yellow indicates apple pollen, and the orange pollen is from dandelions. I didn’t think to ask if the yellow pollen might have been put there several days ago, before the hives were moved to my orchard, but he said he could see bees returning to the hives with yellow pollen on their legs. Today the maximum temperature was only 63F, briefly, and few bees were out of the hives. While setting up some trickle irrigation in my nursery I noticed honeybees buzzing among oak leaves on the ground, under which a surface water-line ran. Bees had found a small leak in the line and seemed to be very happy about it, as dozens of honeybees soon appeared there. So I put water into a pail, with a short length of wood, and floated a terrycloth towel on it. After about ten minutes there dozens of bees spending time on that wet towel. I conclude that apple nectar could not satisfy their thirst…if that is what they wanted water for. David Kollas Kollas Orchard Tolland, Connecticut On May 13, 2015, at 8:58 PM, Jon Clements jon.cleme...@umass.edu wrote: Mostly heavy, snowball bloom here in Massachusetts after modest crop last year. Not sure I have ever seen such a heavy bloom across the board. Temps. in mid to upper 80's preceding and during bloom really moved things along, bee activity was modest to good. There was so much bloom all at once bee activity might have been diluted? Very dry -- does that affect the attractiveness of bloom to bees? Less nectar production? Cold front moved through and now windy and much cooler, scattered frost possible in cold pockets. We're expecting good set and the need to thin aggressively. Heat raised the fire blight danger level, however, little wetting during bloom except for some showers here and there and dew. Will see how that plays out, lots of strep applied after last year. Only one apple scab infection period since April 21 (green tip), clean orchards could have delayed any fungicide application since then until the next rain, but that one will be a doozy probably. Somebody send us a little rain. Every year is so different... Jon On Tue, May 12, 2015 at 12:41 PM, Arthur Kelly kellyorcha...@gmail.com wrote: I don't know about the rest of you but if we get any kind of pollination weather the crop will be very heavy and difficult to thin. The potential bloom at this point is scary. We are at pink except for cracking some king flowers on Zestar, Paulared, Gingergold etc. -- Art Kelly Kelly Orchards Acton, ME ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop -- Jon Clements aka 'Mr Honeycrisp' UMass Cold Spring Orchard 393 Sabin St. Belchertown, MA 01007 413-478-7219 umassfruit.com ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop
Re: [apple-crop] Seedless Macoun
Art: Are the seedless Macoun very small, or normal size? In two years of trials with Maxcell plus NAA on Macoun I found that the retained fruit was mostly seedless and very small. I have not seen this with Maxcell plus carbaryl. David Kollas Kollas Orchard Tolland, CT On Aug 4, 2014, at 8:42 PM, Arthur Kelly kellyorcha...@gmail.com wrote: An thoughts as to why my Macoun apples could be seedless while the next row of Gala has plenty of seeds. Thinning was Maxcell at full bloom, Carbaryl at petal fall and Maxcell plus Carbaryl at about 10mm. We still had to hand thin a lot off. -- Art Kelly Kelly Orchards Acton, ME ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop
Re: [apple-crop] Honeycrisp on bud 118
Allen Teach: The letter from Kevin Versnyder does not appear in my inbox, but in your included reference it makes me ask this question: Does someone have information that Geneva 202 influences fruit size, or produces bud-union failures? David Kollas Kollas Orchard, Connecticut On Jun 1, 2014, at 10:20 PM, Allen Teach - Sunrise Orchard sunr...@mwt.net wrote: In late March 2009 I saw amazing block of Honeycrisp on B118 very close to Gebber's pack house in WA. The rows were 8' apart but I do not remember the other spacing. I would like to see the block now but at the time it was very impressive. Allen Teach Gays Mills, WI -Original Message- From: Kevin Versnyder Sent: Sunday, June 01, 2014 8:35 PM To: apple-crop@virtualorchard.net Subject: [apple-crop] Honeycrisp on bud 118 Hugh, I have some honeys on bud 118 at 4 ft apart and it's working well. I have sandy loam soil so that's the only reason it's working. Return bloom hasn't been spectacular so I really think more dwarfing stocks are the way to go or maybe simply blossom thinning would be the answer? This year I put them in on g202 so hopefully the smaller apple it produces will help with bitter pit. We did lose 51 trees to bud union failure before we even got them out of the box. It sounds like g41 offers the best return bloom similar to g30 which is the best I've seen. Kevin J. VerSnyder ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop
Re: [apple-crop] Southwest Injury
Greg: Growers who want to try to save some Southwest-Injured trees might want to consider sealing the tacked-down bark with Doc Farwell's Seal and Heal. I think the Doc Farwell's Grafting Seal is the same stuff. They form a very tough but flexible seal that can remain for years. The label recommends applying when temperature is 40F or higher. I tried to save a block of 12-year old high-grafted apple trees on Bud 118 six years ago, with disappointing results. Bark was tacked down with galvanized roofing nails before it had curled from drying, and Seal and Heal was painted on. Trees developed dead scaffolds on one or more sides on most of those that showed early, long bark cracks, and I have removed the block because it was not practical to maintain the scattered good trees. I don't recall having made an effort to de-fruit the injured trees in any of the years they were kept, but I think that suggestion of Dave Rosenberger's would be helpful. David Kollas Kollas Orchard, Connecticut On Mar 17, 2014, at 9:46 PM, Peck, Greg greg.p...@vt.edu wrote: Thanks to all those who responded to my email. Yes, for SWI (and most things in orchard systems), an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. For those who missed it, there was a long discussion on trunk painting last year: http://www.mail-archive.com/apple-crop@virtualorchard.net/msg02242.html From reading all the responses, and considering the lack of tree availability for replanting this spring, it seems to me that it might be worth trying the salvage some of less damaged trunks by closing up the split bark. Debbie's rule-of-thumb sounds reasonable and would give growers some idea as to when to just move on. As Debbie also pointed out, the wounds could be an entry site for borers. The wound sites might also be a location for WAA colonies, which seem to have gotten worse under our BMSB-focused insecticide programs. I guess the exposed tissue could also be an entry point for herbicides. While bridge grafting is probably technically feasible, I'm getting the sense that it may not be worth the time. It's up to each grower to make that decision, but I'd be hesitant to say it's an economically feasible choice for large blocks of high-density trees unless you have a talented grafter on-staff. Greg Gregory Michael Peck, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Horticulture Virginia Tech Alson H. Smith, Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center 595 Laurel Grove Road Winchester, VA 22602 USA 540/869-2560 ext 19 greg.p...@vt.edu arec.vaes.vt.edu/alson-h-smith www.anr.ext.vt.edu/tree-fruit/ blogs.ext.vt.edu/tree-fruit-horticulture www.facebook.com/VtechPomology ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop
Re: [apple-crop] Pole-pruner experience
Brien: My search of poled electric pruners did not locate the Pellenc Treelion so I am glad that you have now brought it to my attention. The Pellenc website www.pellence.com/gct/en/Secateur-Arboricole-Treelion.aspx indicates three lengths of pole models. It appears that pole models cannot be used without the pole. But combining the effects of the novel forked pole and the shifted weight more to the handle end should reduce the moment of inertia, or torque, and make its use less noticeable to arm and shoulder muscles, compared to a comparable length Infaco F3010. I have not yet used my Infaco F3010 for more than about 6 hours without recharging, but after 6 hours it shows 3/4 full charge remaining. I don't know how accurate the charge indicator is, but there has been no sign of slowed or weakened cutting. Recharging has always been less than two hours to full charge. I don't feel I need to cut larger limbs than the Infaco can cut. I prefer to use a saw on them. The Pellenc lithium-ion might reduce the need for sawing; I don't find weight information on the Pellenc battery backpack. The frequent snow storms here have kept me clearing snow more than working in the orchard, and snow depth and the cold, windy weather argue that other activities (indoors) are a more productive-efficient use of my available time. David On Feb 16, 2014, at 10:53 PM, Brien Davis br...@hopeorchards.com wrote: Hi Dave, I've been looking at electric pruners online for several months now. I found the F3010 and the Pellnec Treelion. Did you compare different manufactures of these tools? Does the battery on yours last the day? Any other advise? Thanks, Brien Brien Davis Hope Orchards 434 Camden Road Hope, Maine 04847 (207) 763-2824 hopeorchards.com On Feb 11, 2014, at 1:40 PM, David Kollas wrote: Mark: The electronic pruner I have is the Electrocoup F3010, made in France by Infaco. The pole option that I chose is non-telescopic, about 4 feet long. The importer, Infaco, USA, in Livermore, California, has a pretty good website: http://www.infaco-usa.com For cold-weather conditions, I expect to get more pruning done with this tool than with pneumatic or hand tools. It has taken some time to learn how best to use it for my conditions. Suitable clothing, and the order of layering the clothing are a factor. A couple of minor design changes would improve the tool, but I see no better choices currently available. I would suggest a more prominent button to control the opening and closing, for pole use, and an alternative to the trigger on the secateur unit, one that could be conveniently used with mittens. Using the free hand to operate the button switch, as I have done, interferes somewhat with efficient use of that hand for other activities. Assuming that wireless technology is impractical, perhaps for safety reasons where multiple workers might be in close proximity, I wonder if triggering might be possible with a mouth-operated switch, leaving both hands for other tasks. I don't yet see any particular advantage to the current placement of the button switch on the pole slider. I like it near the bottom end of the pole. David On Feb 11, 2014, at 9:25 AM, hangermayer hangerma...@isp.com wrote: David, Could you tell me the model/manufacturer of your pole pruner. It may help me to follow some of the finer points of your explanation if I could see a picture of the pruner. Thank you for posting your detailed analysis. It sounds like you are reasonably happy with the result in the end. To do it over, would you purchase this pole pruner again, or look for something different? Mark On 2/10/14, David Kollas kol...@sbcglobal.net wrote: The cold and snowy conditions in Connecticut this winter have made me look for better ways to do my necessary orchard pruning. I will go into some detail here with my experience, because I have not seen reports from others with electric pole pruners. Pneumatic pruners, run off a small gasoline-fueled air compressor, did an acceptable job when there was no snow on the ground, and temperatures were mostly above freezing. I move the compressor rig around in a garden cart. Last year I moved it on a plastic sledding toy, while I wore snowshoes. This winter, before snow became a nuisance, ice-formation in the triggering mechanism was wasting a lot of my time, so I looked into electric pruners. My trees' fruiting zone is between about 6 and 8 feet above ground, so a significant amount of the work is just a bit of a stretch for hand-held electric pruners, and I am not immune to the effects of this repetitious weight-lifting. A pole pruner, I thought would make the job easier. Also, it would not involve an air-hose that tangles in the dropped prunings. And it would not require my patient
[apple-crop] Pole-pruner experience
the belt wrapped around the coat. It is as though the pack is held down by friction and folds in the coat. My conclusion is that the battery pack should be strapped on loosely over the shoulders, and tightly around the waist BEFORE getting into any un-stretchy clothing that will be lifted when reaching overhead. Finally, an extended arm,with a hand-held 2 pound pruner will feel like 12.5 pounds, assuming a 2.5 foot arm. David Kollas Kollas Orchard, CT ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop
Re: [apple-crop] back up cameras for spray rig
Russell: I like your idea of using a back-up camera for viewing spray pattern. Hugh Thomas' point on spray drift on the camera lens is real. A dirty or wetted lens is pretty worthless. That problem could be avoided if the camera were located behind a windshield washer/wiper….as inside a cab whose back window is so equipped. Reflections on the back window from inside the cab might need blocking with well-placed screening. I don't use a tractor cab, but I find that two large mirrors (mine are 6.5 X 9 inches), mounted somewhat forward on the tractor, provide an acceptable, and easily accessible view of where the spray is. They can, however, be quite annoying when driving west with a bright, early-morning sun at your back. Drift on the mirrors has rarely needed cleaning before refill time. David Kollas Kollas Orchard CT On Jan 22, 2014, at 7:37 AM, russ...@holmbergorchards.com wrote: I'm looking for other members input/experience with the use of remote back-up type cameras for monitoring a sprayer from inside a cab. I have seen youtube videos from europe with orchard rigs using cameras and a quick google search turned up several options designed for ag use that cost between $400 and $900. My concerns with regard to orchard use are: 1. Whats the minimum screen size required to get clarity? 2. How well do they work at night? 3. Does the screen create too much reflected light in the cab at night? If anyone can answer these questions or has anything to else to add, it would be appreciated. Russell Holmberg Holmberg Orchards Gales Ferry, CT www.holmbergorchards.com cell 860 575 2888 ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop
Re: [apple-crop] Late summer drop and fruit size
Vincent: Maybe the dropping left the LARGER fruits on the tree? I don't know if poor pollination results in both smaller fruit AND more early drop of the smallest, poorly-seeded fruits, but I can suppose it is a possible explanation of your observation. David Kollas Kollas Orchard, CT On Jan 13, 2014, at 12:12 PM, Vincent Philion vincent.phil...@irda.qc.ca wrote: Hello, I’m analyzing some data and I have seemingly contradictory results. I’m hoping someone can comment and make sense of this: For a number of randomly selected trees, fruit drop was recorded starting late summer until harvest. For each tree, we recorded total fruit drop (and weight), harvested fruit (and weight) and the total (drop + harvest). As I was looking at the data, I noticed average harvested fruit size (weight/number) was related to Total fruits per tree… Nothing strange, until I realized harvested fruit size INCREASED with Total fruit number on tree. As if the fruit dropping left more energy for the remaining fruits to grow? I was expecting harvested fruit size to be smaller on trees that had more total fruit, not the other way around. I’m not sure this late natural fruit drop can be compared to very late hand thinning, but does anyone know if fruit size increase can be linked to late thinning (notwithstanding total yield that can go down)? Maybe this is “normal”? Any comment welcome! Vincent Vincent Philion,M.Sc. agr. Microbiologiste Phytopathologiste pomiculture Institut de recherche et de développement en agro-environnement Research and Development Institute for the Agri-Environment www.irda.qc.ca Centre de recherche 335, Rang des Vingt-Cinq Est Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville (Québec) J3V 0G7 vincent.phil...@irda.qc.ca Bureau: 450 653-7368 poste 350 Cellulaire: 514-623-8275 Skype: VENTURIA Télécopie: 450 653-1927 Verger expérimental 330, Rang des vingt-cinq Est Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville (Québec) J3V 4P6 Téléphone et télécopieur : 450 653-8375 Local pesticide: 450-653-7608 Pour nous trouver, cliquer sur le lien: Laboratoire Verger Fiers héritiers du travail des frères Saint-Gabri : http://arboretum8gabrielis.wordpress.com Like most of the data I deal with, I'm best described as either zero inflated Poisson, or zero inflated negative binomial. Anything but Normal. Un expert est une personne qui a fait toutes les erreurs qui peuvent être faites dans un domaine très étroit. ~ Niels Bohr C'est pas parce qu'ils sont nombreux à avoir tort qu'ils ont raison… ~ Coluche To call in the statistician after the experiment is done may be no more than asking him to perform a post-mortem examination: he may be able to say what the experiment died of. ~ Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher The plural of anecdote is not data. ~ Roger Brinner The combination of some data and an aching desire for an answer does not ensure that a reasonable answer can be extracted from a given body of data. ~ John Tukey Prediction is difficult, especially of the future. ~ Mark Twain (also attributed to Niels Bohr and Yogi Berra) There are three kinds of lies: lies, damned lies, and statistics. ~ Mark Twain or Disraeli Without deviation from the norm, Progress is not possible. ~ Frank Zappa If you don’t know where you are going, you will wind up somewhere else. ~ Yogi Berra You can see a lot just by looking. ~ Yogi Berra Poor, but proudly at the highest step I'm qualified for. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Principle Inhibiteur de rodomontades depuis 1992. Ce que l'on conçoit bien s'énonce clairement, et les mots pour le dire arrivent aisément. ~ Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux Vingt fois sur le métier remettez votre ouvrage ~ Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux Keep your stick on the ice ~ The Red Green show Quid quid latine dictum sit, altim videtur. ~ Stéphane Laporte Audi alteram partem Qui potest capere capiat AVIS DE CONFIDENTIALITÉ Ce message peut contenir de l'information de nature privilégiée et confidentielle. Si vous n'êtes pas le destinataire visé ou croyez l'avoir reçu par erreur, nous vous saurions gré d'en aviser l'émetteur. Si ce message vous a été transmis par erreur, veuillez le détruire sans en communiquer le contenu à d'autres personnes ou le reproduire ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop
[apple-crop] Migrant Potato Leafhopper control
This past season I had continued re-infestation of potato leafhopper in young unbudded apple rootstock nursery. Calypso provided control, but only until the next population floated in on air currents, presumably from somewhere far south of here (Connecticut). My question is: Are these migrant populations subject to resistance development in the same way that local resident insect populations are? Evidently they are not resistant when they arrive, but to remain within label limits of product per season, other neonicotinoid products might be used to provide continued control. Is anyone aware of resistance having developed in this pest to neonicotinoids or other pesticides where the pest does not survive to pass on its resistance to the next generation? Does potato leafhopper migrate within, say, New England states, or within other Northern apple-growing regions during a growing season? If so, resistance might become a problem regardless of the pest's overwintering ability. David Kollas Kollas Orchard, CT ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop
Re: [apple-crop] Apple bins
I store apples in modified 6-gallon milk crates, and have noticed that the foul odor develops during our 5-month storage period. It is the same odor that I recall having smelled from fruit in wooden crates at Cornell's storages (Ithaca) in the 1960's. Our storage has never held wooden crates, and the walls have no exposed wood except for a few laminated posts supporting the walls. However, we use home-made wooden pallets, 2x4 douglas fir on 4x4 pressure-treated pine, to support each 10-crate unit. Use of plastic containers in itself does not eliminate the odor problem. I don't know whether they would smell bad if no wood at all were in the room. The odor does disappear with airing. David Kollas Kollas Orchard, Tolland, CT On Sep 19, 2013, at 5:14 PM, Kushad, Mosbah M kus...@illinois.edu wrote: I am interested to read the opinion/experience of the group with plastic or wooden and collapsible or non-collapsible bins. Thanks, Mosbah Kushad, University of Illinois ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop
Re: [apple-crop] Residual pesticide activity
Lorraine In the past, my insecticides timed for Apple Maggot nearly always prevented second generation LAW damage, and always did if at least one of those sprays was applied in the last half of August. Having been alerted to the success with mating disruption of Oriental Fruit Moth and LAW, I will look into mating disruption next year. I could have tried it this year, as just today I re-discovered Deborah;s notice of it in the first issue of this year's Scaffolds Fruit Journal, dated March 25. http://www.scaffolds.entomology.cornell.edu/2013/ page 9-10. This... (Isomate OFM TT Pacific Biocontrol, EPA Reg. No. 53575-29)…twin-tube tie dispenser has a field life of 180+ days, and is therefore being recommended for full-season mating disruption of oriental fruit moth and lesser appleworm in all tree fruits. David On Aug 6, 2013, at 4:08 PM, llbuglady llbugl...@gmail.com wrote: David, I have not been following the LAW research since retirement. I was hoping someone would jump in and see that Deborah Breth mentioned the use of Isomate mating disruption for OFM might have effect on LAW. Does anyone else have any research or observations? Lorraine Los Retired UConn IPM Specialst On Aug 5, 2013, at 9:03 PM, David Kollas kol...@sbcglobal.net wrote: Lorraine: Thanks for bringing that up. I was thinking of using a sex pheromone lure on a sticky trap to monitor LAW, As I recall, you have said that Lesser Appleworm is attracted to the lure used for another moth; which moth lure would LAW males go for? Or do you think a true disruption attempt could replace insecticide? David On Aug 5, 2013, at 3:25 PM, llbuglady llbugl...@gmail.com wrote: What about mating disruption for LAW? Lorraine Los Retired UConn IPM Specialist On Aug 5, 2013, at 1:06 PM, David Kollas kol...@sbcglobal.net wrote: Glen: My glee at the minimal captures of Apple Maggot on this farm is tempered by my history of Lesser Appleworm. It has produced significant damage to fruit when I have omitted insecticide in August. Now I am thinking that LAW traps may be needed to justify the insecticide. David Kollas Kollas Orchard Tolland, CT On Aug 5, 2013, at 8:35 AM, Glen Koehler glen.koeh...@maine.edu wrote: Hi Art See paragraph in last newsletter. Bottom line is sugar should also increase efficacy of Assail and possibly Delegate against AM but nobody knows if there would be other problems created by spraying sugar on apples. I find the slow start to AM catches perplexing. Only speculation I have to explain it is that they suffered high mortality in winter. But that might be wishful thinking. Next few weeks will tell. - Glen On Sun, Aug 4, 2013 at 8:45 AM, Arthur Kelly kellyorcha...@gmail.com wrote: There is a recommendation to add sugar when making an application of Assail for SWD on berries to stimulate feeding. 1-2 lbs per hundred gal. What about for apples when using Assail or Delegate for instance? My understanding is that when first emerged the flies feed. FYI we trapped the first AM fly on 8/2 here. Only one on five traps. Art Kelly Kelly Orchards Acton, ME On Fri, Aug 2, 2013 at 1:33 PM, David Kollas kol...@sbcglobal.net wrote: Thank you, Art. It is always better to know whether the most-informed have the answers; or whether, instead, they are not sure either. The uncertainty that Reissig expressed in his paper of 2003 apparently continues now ten years later. In that paper he indicated the need for additional research to assess practical aspects of replacing organophosphates with newer chemistries in commercial orchards. A practical aspect of using Calyso or Assail in leu of Imidan that is separate from their mode of action on Apple Maggot, is the question of how to incorporate them into a label-compliant resistance-management program that includes control of many pests in addition to Apple Maggot. David On Aug 2, 2013, at 11:53 AM, Arthur M. Agnello wrote: Hi David, Harvey Reissig did a study on the efficacy of some of the newer products against apple maggot, and published it some years ago: Reissig, W. Harvey. 2003. Field and Laboratory Tests of New Insecticides Against the Apple Maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 96 (5): 1463-1472 — I will send you a pdf of it in a separate email. However, his general findings were that there are no new insecticides that are as effective in controlling AM as the organophosphates, particularly in “high pressure situations”. It is also true that most of the new materials are not as directly toxic to the flies as the OPs, and the efficacy of many these new materials appears to be due to their ability to prevent flies from ovipositing as long as they are in contact with their residues. We really don’t know
Re: [apple-crop] Residual pesticide activity
Thank you for that, Peter. I suppose that if the systemic activity of neonics is sufficient to kill Apple Maggot eggs or larvae during a (two week?) period after application, and up to 2 inches rainfall, they could be expected to be as good as Imidan or Guthion, regardless of whether the adults are killed by fruit or foliar contact. Or, perhaps female flies are killed by ovipositor contact with systemic neonic during egg insertion? My guess is that such studies have not been made. David Kollas On Aug 2, 2013, at 8:55 AM, Peter J. Jentsch wrote: Hi David, John Wise, Michigan State University, Department of Entomology, wrote a very nice piece on the 'Rainfast characteristics of fruit crop insecticides' that might help to answer these questions. It was posted on June 3, 2013. http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/rainfast_characteristics_of_fruit_crop_insecticides All the best, Peter J. Jentsch Senior Extension Associate - Entomology Department of Entomology Cornell University’s Hudson Valley Lab P.O. Box 727, 3357 Rt. 9W Highland, NY 12528 Office: 845-691-7151 Cell: 845-417-7465 FAX: 845-691-2719 E-mail: p...@cornell.edu http://hudsonvf.cce.cornell.edu/bmsb1.html http://web.entomology.cornell.edu/jentsch/links.html From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net [apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] on behalf of David Kollas [kol...@sbcglobal.net] Sent: Wednesday, July 31, 2013 8:50 PM To: apple-crop@virtualorchard.net Subject: [apple-crop] Fwd: Residual pesticide activity Perhaps the sending address I used this morning was wrong. I am trying another now. Begin forwarded message: From: David Kollas kol...@sbcglobal.net Date: July 31, 2013 9:08:52 AM EDT To: Apple-crop discussion list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net Bcc: Kollas David kol...@sbcglobal.net Subject: Residual pesticide activity All: Surely others know the answer to this question. I must have missed it somewhere. Does the systemic activity of absorbed neonicotinoid sprays Assail and Calypso replace the surface residual that continues to kill Apple Maggot flies entering an Imidan or Guthion-treated orchard days after the application? Do the neonics provide residual control only by systemic tissue-presence which the insect must consume? Or do Apple Maggot flies get enough active ingredient through their feet to kill them on days-old neonic treatments? The question is relevant in choosing whether, and what pesticide to apply prior to forecast thunderstorms that can remove surface residues. David Kollas Kollas Orchard, Tolland, CT ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop
Re: [apple-crop] Residual pesticide activity
Thank you, Art. It is always better to know whether the most-informed have the answers; or whether, instead, they are not sure either. The uncertainty that Reissig expressed in his paper of 2003 apparently continues now ten years later. In that paper he indicated the need for additional research to assess practical aspects of replacing organophosphates with newer chemistries in commercial orchards. A practical aspect of using Calyso or Assail in leu of Imidan that is separate from their mode of action on Apple Maggot, is the question of how to incorporate them into a label-compliant resistance-management program that includes control of many pests in addition to Apple Maggot. David On Aug 2, 2013, at 11:53 AM, Arthur M. Agnello wrote: Hi David, Harvey Reissig did a study on the efficacy of some of the newer products against apple maggot, and published it some years ago: Reissig, W. Harvey. 2003. Field and Laboratory Tests of New Insecticides Against the Apple Maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 96 (5): 1463-1472 — I will send you a pdf of it in a separate email. However, his general findings were that there are no new insecticides that are as effective in controlling AM as the organophosphates, particularly in “high pressure situations”. It is also true that most of the new materials are not as directly toxic to the flies as the OPs, and the efficacy of many these new materials appears to be due to their ability to prevent flies from ovipositing as long as they are in contact with their residues. We really don’t know the mechanism of this mode of action, but in many laboratory bioassays the flies will not lay eggs on treated apples, although they remain alive. So far, we would say that in most normal US orchards, which are presumed to be initially free from internal AM infestations and are not near abandoned orchards and other large sources of unsprayed host trees, we have not seen control failures or even increased damage in orchards that are not treated with organophosphates, although AM catches in monitoring traps placed along the edges of these orchards appears to be higher than when they were sprayed with organophosphates. As far as efficacy, Calypso is definitely the most effective of the new insecticides, followed by Assail. Delegate and Altacor also have some activity, but would probably not provide control in orchards with internal infestations or those that are near heavy unsprayed sources of infestations. Art -- Arthur M. Agnello Professor and Extension Tree Fruit Entomologist Dept. of Entomologya...@cornell.edu N.Y.S. Agric. Expt. Sta.Tel: 315-787-2341 630 W. North St. Fax: 315-787-2326 Geneva, NY 14456-1371 http://web.entomology.cornell.edu/agnello/links.html Scaffolds Fruit Journal online: http://www.scaffolds.entomology.cornell.edu/index.html From: Dave Kollas kol...@sbcglobal.net Reply-To: Apple-crop discussion list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net Date: Fri, Aug 2 10:44 AM To: Apple-crop discussion list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net Subject: Re: [apple-crop] Residual pesticide activity Thank you for that, Peter. I suppose that if the systemic activity of neonics is sufficient to kill Apple Maggot eggs or larvae during a (two week?) period after application, and up to 2 inches rainfall, they could be expected to be as good as Imidan or Guthion, regardless of whether the adults are killed by fruit or foliar contact. Or, perhaps female flies are killed by ovipositor contact with systemic neonic during egg insertion? My guess is that such studies have not been made. David Kollas On Aug 2, 2013, at 8:55 AM, Peter J. Jentsch wrote: Hi David, John Wise, Michigan State University, Department of Entomology, wrote a very nice piece on the 'Rainfast characteristics of fruit crop insecticides' that might help to answer these questions. It was posted on June 3, 2013. http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/rainfast_characteristics_of_fruit_crop_insecticides All the best, Peter J. Jentsch Senior Extension Associate - Entomology Department of Entomology Cornell University’s Hudson Valley Lab P.O. Box 727, 3357 Rt. 9W Highland, NY 12528 Office: 845-691-7151 Cell: 845-417-7465 FAX: 845-691-2719 E-mail: p...@cornell.edu http://hudsonvf.cce.cornell.edu/bmsb1.html http://web.entomology.cornell.edu/jentsch/links.html From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net [apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] on behalf of David Kollas [kol...@sbcglobal.net] Sent: Wednesday, July 31, 2013 8:50 PM To: apple-crop@virtualorchard.net Subject: [apple-crop] Fwd: Residual pesticide activity Perhaps the sending address I used this morning was wrong. I am trying another now. Begin
[apple-crop] Fwd: Residual pesticide activity
Perhaps the sending address I used this morning was wrong. I am trying another now. Begin forwarded message: From: David Kollas kol...@sbcglobal.net Date: July 31, 2013 9:08:52 AM EDT To: Apple-crop discussion list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net Bcc: Kollas David kol...@sbcglobal.net Subject: Residual pesticide activity All: Surely others know the answer to this question. I must have missed it somewhere. Does the systemic activity of absorbed neonicotinoid sprays Assail and Calypso replace the surface residual that continues to kill Apple Maggot flies entering an Imidan or Guthion-treated orchard days after the application? Do the neonics provide residual control only by systemic tissue-presence which the insect must consume? Or do Apple Maggot flies get enough active ingredient through their feet to kill them on days-old neonic treatments? The question is relevant in choosing whether, and what pesticide to apply prior to forecast thunderstorms that can remove surface residues. David Kollas Kollas Orchard, Tolland, CT ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop
Re: [apple-crop] native pollinators
Jon: Is there more to say of the leaf-blower alternative? Is this a first-time trial? Problems? It looks appears to have advantages over the stilts and dabbing trials I ran some years ago, though uniformity of set is likely not so good. David Kollas Kollas Orchard, Tolland, CT On May 2, 2013, at 8:00 PM, Jon Clements wrote: Interesting, I was just observing full bloom sweet cherry yesterday afternoon and made a mental note that native bee/pollinator activity seemed to be light. There are no honeybees brought into the orchard yet, we wait for apples. Normally, they (the native pollinators) are really swarming the sweet cherries because they are the only thing in bloom at the time. Today activity seemed lacking again. It's been very dry here, is there any possibility there is a lack of nectar? That might not explain David's observation in Indiana though? Seems to be a theme here, but maybe Mo is right -- just plain natural (i.e. chaotic) population swings? Anyway, who needs bees? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bsl7sILSGoU On Thu, May 2, 2013 at 11:01 AM, David Doud david_d...@me.com wrote: Another casualty of last year's freak weather is the population of native pollinators - my asian pears entered full bloom over the last 48 hours - other years they are surrounded by a cloud of several species of solitary pollinators, this year that activity is roughly 10% of what I am accustomed to observing - The first apple bloom opened yesterday - 72 hours ago at tight cluster I considered the amount of bloom as 'full' but not particularly remarkable, now bloom has seemingly spontaneously generated to an amount that I cannot remember observing in the past - it's going to be spectacular, but has upped my anxiety about the potential 'big crop of little green apples' - hope thinners are effective David Doud grower IN ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop -- Jon Clements aka 'Mr Honeycrisp' UMass Cold Spring Orchard 393 Sabin St. Belchertown, MA 01007 413-478-7219 umassfruit.com ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop
Re: [apple-crop] ledge in tall spindle planting
Frank: Last week I was looking for info on drivers and diggers and found one of interest, linked below. The video shows a driver pounding a pipe into a rock quarry. No further description. I wrote the danuser company an email inquiry but have not received a reply. The Danuser Hammer is expected to be first available in July or August of this year. Danuser also has a CRB Rock Auger that drills 4inch diam holes in Solid and Fracturable Rock. It is made for skid-steer eqpt. Mo's suggestion of a quarter stick dynamite would be cheaper if it works. I assume he drills the ledge to accommodate the explosive. David Kollas Tolland, CT http://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=R-fF1ddX3Oofeature=relmfu On May 23, 2012, at 10:20 AM, Frank Carlson wrote: We are inquiring if anyone else has hit unexpected ledge in anchoring a tall spindle planting? We are hitting it 18inches down, surely not enough to anchor a post in the soil. One idea we have is to drill a 13/4 inch hole in the ledge and put a 12 foot galv steel fence post in, but it is only good for every other one because of its strength to bend when you use more than one. Experience or ideas ? Thanks, Frank Bruce Carlson Franklyn W. Carlson, Pres. Carlson Orchards, Inc. 115 Oak Hill Road P.O.Box 359 Harvard, MA. 01451 617-968-4180 cell 978-456-3916 office ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop
Re: [apple-crop] Field day in Québec on July 14th.
Vincent: Ideas for alternative application methods have been going through my mind, off and on, for many years, though I was not aware that sprinklers were being used in northern Italy...or anywhere else. Calibration, uniformity of coverage, avoidance of waste, residual pesticide formulation within the distribution system, and rinsing are problems that would seem to require attention. Having not actually tested any prototypes myself, I don't know to what degree these problems limit practicality. David On Jun 14, 2011, at 9:54 AM, Vincent Philion wrote: Hi! sure = everything is public domain = This is the 2nd year of the trial. In 2010, we had very low insect/ disease pressure. This is highly unusual, but serves as good proof of Murphy's law = start an experiment on a severe problem and... it goes away. ;-) This year = plenty of scab to observe in our control plots. A little bit early in the game, but it seems plots sprayed with either a regular sprayer or the sprinklers both look good. The orchard is McIntosh on M9 planted 12' x 4' (2004) and we have replicated plots for each spraying equipment. As you probably know, some orchards in South Tyrol have successfully used sprinklers for fungicide sprays against apple scab for over 50 years. Vincent Le 2011-06-14 à 09:41, David Kollas a écrit : Vincent: Can you divulge anything concerning the successes or problems with the sprinkler application trials at this time? In what sort of planting is the system installed? David Kollas Kollas Orchard Tolland, CT USA On Jun 13, 2011, at 9:03 PM, Vincent Philion wrote: Hello fellow Apple-Crop enthusiasts, No, we don't have Bastille day up here, but we are hosting a field day on July 14th. Many things on display, including our new fixed sprinkler system for pesticide applications. I understand the language barrier might be a problem, but I'm sure many bilingual growers will be present and happy to translate things in an informal way. All the details can be found at: http://www.agrireseau.qc.ca/references/8/Gerald/ InvitatioPO2011vergerIRDA.pdf Don't hesitate to forward this to your colleagues. The event is free of charge and includes lunch. However, you must confirm your presence ahead of time to get free food! Hope to see some of you, à bientôt! Vincent Philion, agr., M.Sc. Phytopathologiste Laboratoire de production fruitière intégrée Institut de recherche et de développement en agroenvironnement 335, Rang des vingt-cinq Est Case postale 24 Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville (Québec) J3V 4P8 Tél. bureau: 450 653-7368 poste 224 Tél. laboratoire: 450 653-7368 poste 229 Cellulaire: 514-623-8275 Télécopie: 450 653-1927 Verger du parc national du Mont-Saint-Bruno 330, Rang des vingt-cinq Est Case postale 24 Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville (Québec) J3V 4P8 Téléphone et télécopieur : 450 653-8375 Courriel: vincent.phil...@irda.qc.ca Site Internet:www.irda.qc.ca Pour nous trouver: Laboratoire: http://maps.google.ca/maps/place?cid=9609486867104665866q=irda +pfihl=frsll=45.557814,-73.360476sspn=8.87586,1.961403ie=UTF8ll =45.557814,-73.360476spn=0,0z=16 Verger: http://maps.google.ca/maps/place?cid=11405391288824931904q=verger +irdahl=frsll=45.54961,-73.350585sspn=0.012504,0.018389ie=UTF8l l=45.54961,-73.350585spn=0,0z=16 Un expert est une personne qui a fait toutes les erreurs qui peuvent être faites dans un domaine très étroit. Niels Bohr Avez-vous réellement besoin d'imprimer ce courriel? Si oui, imprimez-le recto-verso! AVIS DE CONFIDENTIALITÉ Ce message peut contenir de l'information de nature privilégiée et confidentielle. Si vous n'êtes pas le destinataire visé ou croyez l'avoir reçu par erreur, nous vous saurions gré d'en aviser l'émetteur. Si ce message vous a été transmis par erreur, veuillez le détruire sans en communiquer le contenu à d'autres personnes ou le reproduire. ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop ATT1..txt Vincent Philion, agr., M.Sc. Phytopathologiste Laboratoire de production fruitière intégrée Institut de recherche et de développement en agroenvironnement 335, Rang des vingt-cinq Est Case postale 24 Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville (Québec) J3V 4P8 Tél. bureau: 450 653-7368 poste 224 Tél. laboratoire: 450 653-7368 poste 229 Cellulaire: 514-623-8275 Télécopie: 450 653-1927 Verger du parc national du Mont-Saint-Bruno 330, Rang des vingt-cinq Est Case postale 24 Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville (Québec) J3V 4P8 Téléphone et télécopieur : 450 653-8375 Courriel: vincent.phil...@irda.qc.ca Site Internet:www.irda.qc.ca Pour nous trouver: Laboratoire: http://maps.google.ca/maps/place?cid=9609486867104665866q=irda +pfihl=frsll=45.557814,-73.360476sspn=8.87586,1.961403ie=UTF8ll=4 5.557814,-73.360476spn=0,0z=16 Verger: http://maps.google.ca/maps/place?cid=11405391288824931904q=verger
Re: [apple-crop] Field day in Québec on July 14th.
Vincent: Ideas for alternative application methods have been going through my mind, off and on, for many years, though I was not aware that sprinklers were being used in northern Italy...or anywhere else. Calibration, uniformity of coverage, avoidance of waste, residual pesticide formulation within the distribution system, and rinsing are problems that would seem to require attention. Having not actually tested any prototypes myself, I don't know to what degree these problems limit practicality. David On Jun 14, 2011, at 9:54 AM, Vincent Philion wrote: Hi! sure = everything is public domain = This is the 2nd year of the trial. In 2010, we had very low insect/ disease pressure. This is highly unusual, but serves as good proof of Murphy's law = start an experiment on a severe problem and... it goes away. ;-) This year = plenty of scab to observe in our control plots. A little bit early in the game, but it seems plots sprayed with either a regular sprayer or the sprinklers both look good. The orchard is McIntosh on M9 planted 12' x 4' (2004) and we have replicated plots for each spraying equipment. As you probably know, some orchards in South Tyrol have successfully used sprinklers for fungicide sprays against apple scab for over 50 years. Vincent Le 2011-06-14 à 09:41, David Kollas a écrit : Vincent: Can you divulge anything concerning the successes or problems with the sprinkler application trials at this time? In what sort of planting is the system installed? David Kollas Kollas Orchard Tolland, CT USA On Jun 13, 2011, at 9:03 PM, Vincent Philion wrote: ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop
Re: Apple-Crop: Apogee: cracking?
Win: Thank you for those ref's..at 1:03AM! David On Dec 7, 2010, at 12:39 AM, Win Cowgill wrote: Apogee should not be used on Empire. Work done in NJ and NY confirmed this. See the 2003 winter issue of NY FRuit Quarterly http://www.nyshs.org/fq.php and http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheNcpsidt=15267305 Win Cowgill Win Cowgill Editor Horticultural News Professor and Area Fruit Agent Department Head New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Rutgers Cooperative Extension of Hunterdon County PO Box 2900 Flemington, NJ 08822-2900 Office 908-788-1339 Cell- 908-489-0207 Fax- 908-806-4735 Email: cowg...@njaes.rutgers.edu http://www.virtualorchard.net/win/ http://www.umass.edu/fruitadvisor/hortnews On Dec 6, 2010, at 11:41 PM, David Kollas wrote: I would like to hear more about Apogee-induced cracking of Empire. Does anyone know the particular set of circumstances that result in cracking? I have safely used one or two applications at 4 ounces per 100 gallons on Empire a couple of years, but, having heard of possible cracking, I have not used the 3rd or 4th sprays that would be needed for good vegetative control of my trees on MM106. David Kollas Kollas Orchard Tolland, Connecticut On Dec 6, 2010, at 9:50 PM, Balsillie wrote: Just for interest, it seems this mystery disease is solved, but we had some Empire apples treated with Agogee last year that looked very similar. Learn from our mistakes! - - The 'Apple-Crop' LISTSERV is sponsored by the Virtual Orchardhttp://www.virtualorchard.net and managed by Win Cowgill and JonClements webmas...@virtualorchard.net. Apple-Crop is not moderated. Therefore, the statements do not representofficial opinions and the Virtual Orchard takes no responsibility forthe content. -- The 'Apple-Crop' LISTSERV is sponsored by the Virtual Orchardhttp://www.virtualorchard.net and managed by Win Cowgill and JonClements webmas...@virtualorchard.net. Apple-Crop is not moderated. Therefore, the statements do not representofficial opinions and the Virtual Orchard takes no responsibility forthe content. -- The 'Apple-Crop' LISTSERV is sponsored by the Virtual Orchard http://www.virtualorchard.net and managed by Win Cowgill and Jon Clements webmas...@virtualorchard.net. Apple-Crop is not moderated. Therefore, the statements do not represent official opinions and the Virtual Orchard takes no responsibility for the content.
Apple-Crop: Apogee: cracking?
I would like to hear more about Apogee-induced cracking of Empire. Does anyone know the particular set of circumstances that result in cracking? I have safely used one or two applications at 4 ounces per 100 gallons on Empire a couple of years, but, having heard of possible cracking, I have not used the 3rd or 4th sprays that would be needed for good vegetative control of my trees on MM106. David Kollas Kollas Orchard Tolland, Connecticut On Dec 6, 2010, at 9:50 PM, Balsillie wrote: Just for interest, it seems this mystery disease is solved, but we had some Empire apples treated with Agogee last year that looked very similar. Learn from our mistakes! -- The 'Apple-Crop' LISTSERV is sponsored by the Virtual Orchard http://www.virtualorchard.net and managed by Win Cowgill and Jon Clements webmas...@virtualorchard.net. Apple-Crop is not moderated. Therefore, the statements do not represent official opinions and the Virtual Orchard takes no responsibility for the content.
Re: Apple-Crop: AI nozzles for airblast sprayers
Mo: You must get some pretty interesting results with thinners applied at a constant active ingredient per acre! David Kollas Kollas Orchard, Tolland, CT On Apr 3, 2010, at 6:56 PM, Mo Tougas wrote: We are using a sprayer controller, and so the pressure varies block to block depending upon row spacing, speed, tree height, etc. That is of course where the challenge lies, finding nozzles that will deliver over a range of pressures to meet the mix of training systems we have. So the range is 75 psi to 200 psi. To my dismay, we spray at 50 or 100 gpa, depending on what material we are spraying. We'd like to be doing a better job of using TRV, but when we add the complications of guessing the intents of some of the label rates, together with our mishmash of plantings, we're settling in at rate per acre, regardless of the acre. Someday we will have the technology to read the tree's canopy in terms of density, and we'll do a better job. Mo Tougas On Apr 3, 2010, at 10:43 AM, Jill Kelly wrote: I have about 1/3 24' rows. 1/3 18' rows and the last 1/3 are 15' rows. What pressure and GPA do you operate at Mo? Thanks, Art - Original Message - From: Mo Tougas m...@tougasfarm.com To: Apple-Crop apple-crop@virtualorchard.net Sent: Saturday, April 03, 2010 6:37 AM Subject: Re: Apple-Crop: AI nozzles for airblast sprayers Hi Art We've been using the Albuz and spraying systems AI nozzles for several seasons now. We'd been using them for herbicides and for spraying strawberries for years and were quite satisfied. Two years ago we started using them in airblast sprayers. We've found that they are a bit limited there. The droplets are heavy, and we feel that 16' row spacing is about as far as we can go and get uniform overage. Past that, and pattern has not been satisfactory. I'd suggest caution. Use a couple in the top positions on your sprayer, and be sure to use water sensitive paper in your trees to be sure you are happy. Mo Tougas Tougas Family Farm,LLC Northborough, MA On Apr 2, 2010, at 8:14 PM, Arthur Kelly wrote: Hi all, I am considering switching over to air induction nozzles for my orchard sprayer. What is the experience so far in terms of pressure, gallons per acre, the effect of row spacing and tree size etc? Does anyone have any suggestions? Art Kelly Kelly Orchards Acton, Me - - The 'Apple-Crop' LISTSERV is sponsored by the Virtual Orchard http://www.virtualorchard.net and managed by Win Cowgill and Jon Clements webmas...@virtualorchard.net. Apple-Crop is not moderated. Therefore, the statements do not represent official opinions and the Virtual Orchard takes no responsibility for the content. - - The 'Apple-Crop' LISTSERV is sponsored by the Virtual Orchard http://www.virtualorchard.net and managed by Win Cowgill and Jon Clements webmas...@virtualorchard.net. Apple-Crop is not moderated. Therefore, the statements do not represent official opinions and the Virtual Orchard takes no responsibility for the content. -- The 'Apple-Crop' LISTSERV is sponsored by the Virtual Orchard http://www.virtualorchard.net and managed by Win Cowgill and Jon Clements webmas...@virtualorchard.net. Apple-Crop is not moderated. Therefore, the statements do not represent official opinions and the Virtual Orchard takes no responsibility for the content. -- The 'Apple-Crop' LISTSERV is sponsored by the Virtual Orchard http://www.virtualorchard.net and managed by Win Cowgill and Jon Clements webmas...@virtualorchard.net. Apple-Crop is not moderated. Therefore, the statements do not represent official opinions and the Virtual Orchard takes no responsibility for the content.
Apple-Crop: Variety restrictions in European Union?
A customer at our farm retail store today related that a recent visitor from England told him that he could no longer buy his favorite apple variety in England, Cox Orange Pippin. It was his understanding, he said, that commercial growers in England were restricted to growing a certain few varieties. He thought this was a restriction related to England's membership in the European Union. I would be quite surprised to learn that this is true, but have been unsuccessful with my Google search so far. Surely some Apple Crop readers can clear the confusion? David Kollas Kollas Orchard Tolland, CT, USA -- The 'Apple-Crop' LISTSERV is sponsored by the Virtual Orchard http://www.virtualorchard.net and managed by Win Cowgill and Jon Clements webmas...@virtualorchard.net. Apple-Crop is not moderated. Therefore, the statements do not represent official opinions and the Virtual Orchard takes no responsibility for the content.
Re: Apple-Crop: Re: a question about bud terminology
Harold: I was too quick in hitting the Send button. I should have taken the time to discover Zielinski included also, classification of buds, on page 79. It evidently does not recognize shoot initials in apple and pear as components of their buds: Classification of Buds 1. Wood or leaf buds, which develop into leafy shoots. 2. Fruit buds, which are of 2 kinds: a. Simple buds, which develop into one flower (peach, apricot, almond) or several flowers (cherry, plum). b. Mixed buds, which develop into a cluster of leaves and flowers together (apple, pear). David Kollas On Jan 17, 2010, at 10:33 AM, Harold J. Larsen wrote: The discussion about TRV has been most interesting, but I have another question about bud terminology. Within the Rose family, we have crops that have differing types of flower-containing buds: - a single flower, no shoots -- Apricot, peach, and nectarine (plus some individual buds on plum) - multiple flowers, no shoots -- sweet tart cherry (+ other cherries), plums (most buds) - multiple flowers + shoot initial -- apples pears The first category, I believe, is termed a simple bud. The third category, I believe, is a type of compound bud termed a mixed bud But what is the plant anatomical / horticultural term for the second category? I had viewed it as a compound bud because of the multiple flower initials, but the typical example used for a compound bud is grape (Vitaceae) which has a primary, secondary, and tertiary bud all enclosed within the bud scales at each node. I have NOT been able to find any source of reference with a term for the cherry and plum type of complex bud. Any ideas / references out there??? I have been putting together an Extension document on evaluating cold injury damage to fruit buds and the evaluation process differs between the bud types. So use of some terms would be helpful in shortening it. The intent is to have it both in printed form and as a PDF document on the web. So I'd really like to have the terminology to be correct! Thanks much! Harold L. -- Dr. Harold Larsen, Interim Manager - WCRC Res. Pathologist Ext. Fruit Dis. Specialist Colo. St. Univ., WCRC - Orchard Mesa 3168 B 1/2 Road Grand Junction, CO 81503-9621 Ph: (970) 434-3264, x-205 FAX: (970) 434-1035 EMail: harold.lar...@colostate.edu -- The 'Apple-Crop' LISTSERV is sponsored by the Virtual Orchard http://www.virtualorchard.net and managed by Win Cowgill and Jon Clements webmas...@virtualorchard.net. Apple-Crop is not moderated. Therefore, the statements do not represent official opinions and the Virtual Orchard takes no responsibility for the content. -- The 'Apple-Crop' LISTSERV is sponsored by the Virtual Orchard http://www.virtualorchard.net and managed by Win Cowgill and Jon Clements webmas...@virtualorchard.net. Apple-Crop is not moderated. Therefore, the statements do not represent official opinions and the Virtual Orchard takes no responsibility for the content.
Re: Apple-Crop: For Discussion: Pesticide Applications Rates and Tree Row Volume
Jonathan: Safe use of the Tree Row Volume (TRV) concept rests upon the assumption that there is a known relationship between tree row volume and volume of water required to give 100% wetting of all foliage when spray is applied under the conditions routinely used in a given orchard. I think it is reasonable to doubt that such a relationship is known by every grower for his particular situation. It is just as reasonable to doubt that any such relationship between TRV and Dilute Water Volume will be the same for every orchard. The volume of water that impinges on tree surfaces is affected by tractor speed, wind speed and direction, distance of tree surfaces from the sprayer, spray droplet mass, density of shoots, limbs, and foliage; arrangement of limbs and foliage in regard to how it interferes with open access to spray penetrationand so forth. How all of these factors work together to result in a particular Dilute Water Volume per acre, can be assessed with the use of commercially available water sensitive papers placed throughout the tree. Alternatively, the papers may be placed only where coverage is critical, but difficult. Drive past the decorated tree, spraying with all the same settings as will be used for pesticide application, but apply water only. Drive several alleys with the water spray... all of those from which significant drift would reach the water sensitive papers. Obviously, the determined Dilute Water Volume will vary according to the time of year the test is done, so such tests should be repeated as foliage density increases; or some reasonable means of estimating the consequence of foliage density should be used. In using the water-sensitive papers technique, I think it best to set the sprayer at the gallons per acre rate that you will use in your pesticide applications. That is, if you apply 50 gallons per acre in an Apple Maggot spray in a given block, do the water test for that block at 50 gallons per acre settings. Drive as many passes in the test row as needed to produce a nearly 100% blue color of the least-wetted papers in the tree. Then calculate the Dilute Water Volume, e.g. 50 gallons per acre X 4 passes = 200 gal/Acre. Use a pesticide rate that will apply the label-recommended ounces per 200 gallon acre in the 50 gallon volume that you use per acre. Any pesticide reductions you take for lack of run-off are at your own risk, until you have determined from experience that such reduction may be justified. This determination takes time, but if you do it, you may be surprised to discover considerable disagreement with the Dilute Water Volume values that you had assumed, based upon table values of TRV versus Dilute Water Volume. David Kollas Kollas Orchard Tolland, CT On Jan 15, 2010, at 12:58 PM, Jonathan B. Bishop wrote: I am wondering how other growers/subscribers to this list determine rates of application for pesticides to fruit trees on your farms. We have used the Tree Row Volume methodology since the 1960’s without any adverse effects. Explanations of Tree Row Volume (TRV) and methods for calculating it appear in virtually every pest management guide that is published, so I had assumed that this practice was pretty much the industry standard. That is until this season when I became aware that some pesticide manufacturers do not recognize it or allow it to be used in determining the application rate of their products. We suffered extremely high incidence of damage from Apple Maggot in 2009 while using DuPont’s insecticide, Avaunt for control of the pest. An investigation by DuPont determined that I was at fault because by using Tree Row Volume I had applied the product at less than the specified rate per acre (planted acre). They did not assert that I had made in error in calculating TRV, but I was at fault simply by the fact that I had used the methodology at all. My contention is that I had applied the required 6 oz. rate in 50 gallons of water ( 6X concentration on a 300 gallon dilute tree), but had reduced the amount of gallons applied to different blocks of trees based on the smaller size of the trees. Since fruit trees are three dimensional objects, I liken the principle behind Tree Row Volume to painting houses. If you have two houses on one acre lots, one being a 5000 square foot house and the other a 2500 square foot house, you don’t apply the same amount of paint to both structures just because they are both houses on one acre lots! You would (hopefully) require less paint to give the same level of coverage on the smaller structure as a larger amount would give on the big one. This is not, apparently, the logic used by the chemical manufacturers in determining the per acre rates for their products and what I have learned from my experience with DuPont is that if a grower in any way reduces the rate of product applied
Apple-Crop: Cold-hardiness of Bud 54-118 apple rootstock
Others may care to read of (and comment on?) my experience with cold injury to the Russian apple rootstock, Bud 54-118. Bud 54-118 is marketed by the shortened name, Bud 118 in the USA, although Bud 118 is the proper name of a different rootstock in the Budagovsky series and is not available in the USA (Loren Tukey, personal communication, 1996). Bud 54-118 is considered very cold hardy in Russia and northern Europe. It is semi-vigorous, roughly comparable in vigor to MM 111. In early April 2008, in a 15 year old one-acre block of Macoun and Mutsu apples (302 trees/acre) grafted at 5 feet above ground to young trunks of either Bud 54-118 or Cortland on Polish #1 (Cortland/P1), I discovered long (1-4 feet), deep vertical cracks in trunk bark of some trees on Bud. Cracks, frequently 2 or 3 per tree, were in the rootstock portion of the trunk, below the fruiting variety. Bark along crack edges was nailed down, and wounds were covered with Doc Farwell’s “Seal and Heal.” Over the next several weeks more cracking became evident, and was similarly treated. This injury was found only on the Macoun/Bud combination; none was present on Mutsu/ Cortland/P1, or Macoun/Cortland/P1. Trunkbark cracks were more common on the south half, but similar cracks could be found on the shaded side. No bark cracking was found in the Macoun portion of the trees. By the end of the2008 growing season, about a dozen trees were obviously dead, or had one or more dead scaffolds. Many of the remaining Macoun/Bud trees dropped foliage before, during, or soon after harvest. Affected Bud trees have extensive areas of dead cambium and loosening or missing bark. Nailing and painting was of minimal or no benefit. At this time it appears that 25-50% of the trees on Bud will be lost. Macoun/Cortland/P1 and Mutsu/Cortland/P1 show no similar damage, although several trees of each variety have mostly minor “southwest sunscald’ (dead bark) extending not more than 18 inches above ground level. Below are my current interpretations of these observation; but first, some notes on conditions that could have contributed to the injury. (1) The winter of 2007-2008 was relatively mild at my site in Connecticut, with near-zero F temperatures only on January 3 and 4 (2 and 4F), February 11 (7F), and February 29 (5F). (2) All trees in the block were pruned between January 29 and February 9. (3) Snow covered the ground at the times of the low temperatures, and mostly clear skies prevailed each of the days immediately prior to the four low temperatures. (4) All trees on Bud were grafted much higher on the rootstock than is typical in commercial orchards and this exposed the Russian stock to air temperatures and warming sunlight a full 5 feet above ground. (5) The P1 rootstocks were grafted low, to Cortland, and these young Cortland trees were then grafted to Macoun or Mutsu at 5 feet above ground in the year following transplant from nursery to orchard. No Cortland branches were allowed to develop. The Corland/ P1 graft union was buried beneath the soil line when trees were set in the orchard….enabling scion-rooting of Cortland Bud trees responded badly to conditions that produced little or no injury to Cortland/P1 trunks, indicating that Bud bark and cambium were more cold tender. Cropping and tree vigor in the previous year, based upon my recollection, would not have been a factor. Perhaps the difference is in the number of chilling hours needed to bring the trees out of physiological rest. Might the Bud trees have a significantly shorter chilling requirement than Cortland/P1? My maximum-minimum temperature records indicate that there were about 546 hours below 45F in November; 720 hours in December, and 48 hours in January prior to the first cold night, January3. If that was sufficient to break rest in the Bud trees, the 4 days with maximums of 50-62F in the first 11 days of January would probably have stimulated some growth activity in those Bud trees. I think it unlikely that injury was initiated by the early January cold, because at that time none of the trees had been pruned. In other years, in other block, I have found that only dormant-pruned trees have shown winter trunk injury. The block containing Bud trees was pruned just prior to the February 11 cold. It seems reasonable to me that injury was inflicted on February 11 (4F) or February 29 (5F), or both. David Kollas, Tolland,Connecticut, February 4, 2009
Apple-Crop: drought and glyphosate
I am wondering about the value of applying Roundup herbicide to a mixture of grasses and broadleaf weeds in a block of apple orchard that is very drysome weeds show wilt. The Roundup label (WeatherMax) indicates that addition of ammonium sulfate ...may increase the performance of the product, particularly underdrought conditions... on annual and perennial weeds. I typically include a liquid ammonium sulfate product Choice Weather Master with glyphosate, but have avoided application when soils are very dry, thinking it would be wasted expense. Would anyone care to comment on experience with glyphosate applied during drought? David Kollas Kollas Orchard Tolland, CT --- The 'Apple-Crop' LISTSERV is sponsored by the Virtual Orchard http://www.virtualorchard.net and managed by Win Cowgill and Jon Clements [EMAIL PROTECTED]. Apple-Crop is not moderated. Therefore, the statements do not represent official opinions and the Virtual Orchard takes no responsibility for the content.
Re: Apple-Crop: Paula Red - Water Core Problem
The most common form of watercore seems to correlate to fruit maturity, but sorbitol accumulation that results in translucent fruit flesh is not always maturity-related. A striking example of this occurs in my very light-cropping Macoun this season. A significant percentage , maybe 15%, of the apples have shown translucence since the middle of July. It goes deep, but the seed cavities that I have looked at have not been filled with liquid. Several weeks ago, many of these fruits were exuding droplets of sticky liquid on their skin surface. I have seen examples of these symptoms other years in several varieties, but not to the extent I see this year. I assume the light crop has something to do with it, but surely there is more involved than that. The light crop is the consequence of excessive response of an extremely heavy fruit set to thinning spray. Apogee was used as well, and I don't know if that influenced watercore development. David Kollas Kollas Orchard Tolland, CT On Aug 18, 2007, at 9:09 AM, Jon Clements wrote: Joanne, watercore is a physiological disorder whose cause is many and not terribly well understood. Suffice it to say, it should clue you off to a few things: 1.) It is a good indicator of maturity, in this case over-maturity. Watercore fruit should be harvested ASAP. 2.) It may be an indicator of low calcium levels in the fruit -- fruit seem to be large this year on average, we have had plenty of rain, so calcium levels in fruit may be low despite our efforts to supply calcium. Our Paulared crop in Belchertown is very heavy, further exacerbating the problem. I am not sure if we can implicate Apogee use in any of this? 3.) Water core fruit should not be stored if you can avoid it. 4.) Some cultures place a premium on watercore ('Honeycore') fruit, particularly for example Fuji. Of course this makes sense given that it is a sign of mature fruit, hence high in sugars and complexity of flavor. For a more complete explanation on the phenomenon, see: http://postharvest.tfrec.wsu.edu/pgDisplay.php?article=N3I4A Good luck and don't sweat it too much. Jon Jon Clements Extension Tree Fruit Specialist UMass Cold Spring Orchard 393 Sabin Street Belchertown, MA 01007 VOICE 413.478.7219 FAX 413.323.0382 IM mrhoneycrisp Skype Name mrhoneycrisp On Aug 18, 2007, at 7:40 AM, JOANNE DINARDO wrote: We have experienced water core in about 30% of our Paula Red Apples. They are in two different blocks in the orchard and the problem exists throughout the crop. The problem is on small and large apples and on almost ripe and over ripe apples. The only different chemical that was used this year was Appogee. We applied calcium as a nutrient but have done so consistently over the years. In seven years we have never experienced this problem. Has anyone else checked on their crop? Has anyone else experienced this under these unique growing conditions. Thanks Joanne DiNardo Sholan Farms Leominster, Mass 978-870- - -- The 'Apple-Crop' LISTSERV is sponsored by the Virtual Orchard http://www.virtualorchard.net and managed by Win Cowgill and Jon Clements [EMAIL PROTECTED]. Apple-Crop is not moderated. Therefore, the statements do not represent official opinions and the Virtual Orchard takes no responsibility for the content. -- - The 'Apple-Crop' LISTSERV is sponsored by the Virtual Orchardhttp://www.virtualorchard.net and managed by Win Cowgill and JonClements [EMAIL PROTECTED]. Apple-Crop is not moderated. Therefore, the statements do not representofficial opinions and the Virtual Orchard takes no responsibility forthe content. --- The 'Apple-Crop' LISTSERV is sponsored by the Virtual Orchard http://www.virtualorchard.net and managed by Win Cowgill and Jon Clements [EMAIL PROTECTED]. Apple-Crop is not moderated. Therefore, the statements do not represent official opinions and the Virtual Orchard takes no responsibility for the content.
Re: Apple-Crop: Fruit cracking/splitting
Since this fruit-cracking topic appeared, along with the photos, I have found two 30 year old Empire trees on which a single branch or scaffold has produced several fruits with symptoms apparently identical to those in the photos from Maine. On one tree about 4 inches length of the branch base, where connected to the central leader, was 90% girdled by dead bark, possibly an infection from a small pruning wound there. In the other tree, the affected scaffold showed a significant percentage of older leaves that were small and rolled, some with white chlorosis along central rib. More recent leaves looked normal. Other scaffolds on the tree were normal, and only the abnormal scaffold produced cracked fruit. These observations suggest to me that nutritional deficiency of some sort may be involved, in these cases, related to poor movement of water and/or other nutrients in the vascular system. From now on, if I find more examples, I will look for signs of injury, such as winter freezing, drought, disease, or physical damage to tissues that carry nutrients to the affected fruit. Absence of any comment by others of nutrient-stress indicators on Karmijn may indicate that we are looking at very different disorders. David Kollas Kollas Orchard Tolland, Connecticu On Friday, August 3, 2007, at 06:11 AM, Con.Traas wrote: Richard, I do get similar cracking on my Karmijn from time to time, but not with too much severity, so I never went into it too carefully. It is clearly year-dependant, but why is a more difficult issue. I have not associated the problem with cold post blossom weather, as we often get that, but perhaps it is a factor. I think wet summer weather may play a part also. I do feel that the trees with a lighter set are more prone, as are trees that don't get a program on GA4+7 for russet reduction. However, the crop load on trees getting the GA treatment is usually higher than that on trees which do not get it, so whether it is an indirect or direct effect of the GA is difficult to guess. I do also feel that there are some trees that seem more prone year-on-year than others. Is this clonal variation, or a rootstock effect, or could there be a contributing latent virus, either in the rootstock or scion? As you can see, I am contributing no answers to your question; only more questions. However, I do think that treating the tree in such a way to maximise crop load (which is seldom too heavy on Karmijn) reduces the problem. By the way, I was intrigued to read that Derry's Karmijn are under cover. I would love to hear more about this. Con Traas The Apple Farm Ireland -Original Message- From: apple-crop@virtualorchard.net [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf Of Richard J. Ossolinski Sent: 27 July 2007 12:36 To: Apple-Crop Subject: Re: Apple-Crop: Fruit cracking/splitting Thanks for the response, Derry, though the mystery remains unresolved, as, FWIW, we had no unusually cold weather here just after bloom. Fun, though, ain't it? Richard On Jul 27, 2007, at 1:33 AM, derrybill wrote: Richatrd, I've had the same cracks in my russeted apples : Golden Russet, St Edmunds Pippin and Roxbury Russet. I think this cracking is different from the cracking seen on Cox's Orange which usually is circular around the calyx and usually appears later in the season. I sometimes see the circular cracking in Karmijns and I associate it with the Cox's Orange parentage. I spoke to Ed Fackler about this a few years ago. In particular I was discussing Hudson's Golden Gem another russeted apple. Ed thought the cracking was associated with cold weather just after bloom i.e. as the young apple was developing. I do not have cracking in my Karmijns but my Karmijns are all under cover so they are somewhat protected from the cold temps after pollination. My russeted apples are in the open. Richard, in a separate email, I will attach some jpgs of cracked russeted apples. I don't have cracks in any other apples. I noticed the cracks in early July, but I'm sure the cracks were there from at least early June. I have temporarily misplaced my pollination chart for 2007, but it was approximately to the first ten days in May. Derry Walsh South Coastal B.C. http://derrysorchardandnursery.ca Richard J. Ossolinski wrote: Anyone have a clue as to what causes this splitting/cracking? (Thanks to Glen Koehler at UMO for creating this link) http://pmo.umext.maine.edu/apple/nosearch/cracked-apples-Oz.htm --- The 'Apple-Crop' LISTSERV is sponsored by the Virtual Orchard http://www.virtualorchard.net and managed by Win Cowgill and Jon Clements [EMAIL PROTECTED]. Apple-Crop is not moderated. Therefore, the statements do not represent official opinions and the Virtual Orchard takes no responsibility for the content. --- The 'Apple-Crop' LISTSERV
Re: Apple-Crop: Hail damage
Tommie, I thought hail was not one of orcharding's perils in Oregon. In what part of the state are you gambling? David Kollas Kollas Orchard Tolland, CT On Saturday, June 23, 2007, at 11:43 AM, Peter and Tommie wrote: Our sympathy on the damage sustained from hail. We know what it's like as we had hail damage 3 consecutive years when the apples were about 1 1/2 diameter. Only 3 minutes of hail and the apples looked like they had been rolled in gravel. The marks on Ginger Golds and Grimes Golden were the most unsightly. We did some thinning and found foliage had protected at least some of the crop. The damage was usually only skin deep and I would demonstrate that to customers. We sold the damaged apples at a reduced price. Tommie van de Kamp Oregon