Michael asks whether "workers [were] even partially in CONTROL?" in the former 
Soviet Union and in early socialist China. Since workers are imbued with 
capitalist ways of thinking when socialism begins, the answer cannot be a 
system of bourgeois democratic procedures among workers at the points of 
production.

Maybe these excerpts from A Critique of Soviet Economics , attributed to Mao 
Zedong, suggest an approach that is both realistic and determined to keep 
moving on the communist path. ( http://www.marx2mao.com/Mao/CSE58.html ):

In our experience, if cadres do not set aside their pretensions and identify 
with the workers, the workers will never look on the factory as their own but 
as the cadres'. "Master-of-the-house" attitudes make the workers reluctant to 
observe labor discipline in a self-conscious way.

The year-end "leap forward" bonuses of the last two years are an example. With 
the exception of governmental and educational workers, all staff and workers 
have had year-end leap forward bonuses in varying amounts determined by the 
staff and workers themselves in the particular units.

With respect to administration of enterprises owned by the whole people, we 
have adopted a set of approaches: a combination of concentrated leadership and 
mass movement; combinations of party leaders, working masses, and technical 
personnel; cadres participating in production; workers participating in 
administration; steadily changing unreasonable regulations and institutional 
practices.

Chinese cadres participate in production; workers participate in management. 
Sending cadres down to lower levels to be tempered, discarding old rules and 
regulations -- all these pertain to the superstructure...


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