Jerry R., List: JR: "Why even talk about surprise and suspect if instead we can have beans and bags…or p’s and q’s?"
As I have said over and over, surprise and suspect are the WHY of reasoning--eliminating the irritation of doubt through the fixation of belief--while beans and bags or p's and q's serve to illustrate the HOW of reasoning--forms of inference that produce certain (deduction), probable (induction), or plausible (abduction) conclusions from true premisses. This distinction is important to maintain. JR: "I may have read wrongly but I recall Ben saying that it *is* a syllogism and Edwina saying that it *is* modus ponens." Ben U. quoted Peirce calling hypothesis "minor indirect probable syllogism." He later stated, "I'd say that CP 5.189 is a 'syllogism' in a broad sense admitted by Peirce, though the broad senses are not usual senses nowadays. Usually people mean a deductive categorical syllogism, in Barbara and the rest." He subsequently added, "I think that the point that is tripping Jerry R. up is that CP 5.189, as well as modus ponens and affirming the consequent, are schemata of _*propositional*_ logic, while the jugglings of Barbara are schemata of *term* logic, and it is terms that are subject, middle, or predicate." Edwina just clarified what she said previously--CP 5.189 presents a deductively INVALID form of modus ponens, which is widely known as the FALLACY of affirming the consequent. In her latest example, the conclusion that it has rained is not certain, as it would be in a deductively valid argument. Instead, it is (at best) merely plausible; hence, the argument is an example of abduction--the proposition that it has rained is a hypothesis proposed to explain why the car is wet. JR: "Besides, affirming the consequent is fine if two things are the same, isn't it?" Again, affirming the consequent is a FALLACY in deductive logic. From "if p then q" and q, p does not follow necessarily. I do not know what you mean here by "if two things are the same." Regards, Jon Alan Schmidt - Olathe, Kansas, USA Professional Engineer, Amateur Philosopher, Lutheran Layman www.LinkedIn.com/in/JonAlanSchmidt - twitter.com/JonAlanSchmidt
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