Juha, First, sorry about the delay in responding, but the different time zones make it hard to keep up. Secondly, I an certainly no guru on the subject, but can only offer you a few things to think about as you approach this board, and hopefully if someone out there knows better than I, they will step in and offer better advice.
I have read both of your responses, and will try to combine all of my responses here. Ok, to start, why don't you see below,'' JaMi ----- Original Message ----- From: "Juha Pajunen" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> To: "Protel EDA Forum" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Sent: Monday, September 30, 2002 2:52 AM Subject: Re: [PEDA] 1020-pin BGA out-routing question (some add) > Hi, > > I changed the footprint, 40mil pitch with 20mil pads. > VIAs between SMD pad are 16mil pad and 8mil hole, we > want use this because there will be more room for > routing and SOLDERMASK is bigger between SMD pad > and VIA (I have 4mil opening for SMD pads and VIAs > are tentd or 0mil opening; which one is better). > Traces are 4mil and gap is also 4mil, > need to route two trace between SMD pads, > do not want make over 10 layer board... > Do not change your spacing to .040" unless that is the actual spacing of your device. I only offered that because it was used in a presentation that I attended on the subject, but if I actually understand correctly, your BGA is 1.00mm spacing (actually .03937" and not .04000"), and the cumulative error would definitely cause a problem on a pattern this large. Stick with what the databook calls for on the "pitch", and adjust everything else to match that. If you are using an 8 mil hole in a 16 mil pad, that requires a 8 mil overall feature registration (.004" true position), which is pretty tight for an 8 by 5 inch board, and that would allow zero for annular ring, which is acceptable (for certain manufacturing specs), but forces you to use teardrops on all of your vias. I would think that you would be much better off tightening up your solder mask, and it's registration, and using the extra "slop" (as it were) in the rest of the design. Even if you stuck with the 8 mil hole, and kicked your pad up to 18 mils, but kept the same feature registration, you could at least avoid breakouts. Anyway, something to think about. Remember that Protel does allow you to remove "unused internal" pads when you generate gerbers, but I would not want to depend on this for any clearances (I would prefer to make a "special via" for the specific occasion and location in which I "juggled the pad stack" (s it were), if I had a "tight spot" or two and needed a little extra space. I will try and locate the number of the IPC Spec that discusses "breakout" in this specific situation. Also remember that when you consider overall feature registration and breakout, you also have to consider the effect on "plane clearance", and remember that hole size is usually based on "final" hole size, after plating, while the plane clearance itself has to take into account the max drill size (including any etchback (if present)). This brings up the related subject of thermals. The "via farm" under a BGA usually has the effect of making "swiss cheese" out of any planes that run under the BGA, and you have to be very careful about how you use "thermals" here, because you can literally destroy any plane that is left after the normal clearance for the tightly packed vias if you are not careful. Some people demand the use of thermals under a BGA, regardless of the number of perforations in the plane due to vias, in which case, I would say that you need to be very very careful with the specific dimensions if the thermal (make one specifically for use under the BGA if necessary) and make sure that your final gerbers look OK before you ship them out and make the board. My own opinion in this case, is to NOT use a thermal at all on the via, but rather the connections to the plane "direct", and then make sure that the trace that goes between the via and the actual BGA pad, is small enough (say 8 mils) that it acts as a "thermal relief" itself (in just the same manner as if you have a surface mount pad on an outer layer that you had to isolate from a plane (just as the "Polygon Plane" fill does)). This is usually enough "thermal isolation" from the plane itself, to not affect the soldering of the BGA, but you had better check with your assembly house (it might require some special profiling) and get their approval on this one, before you go this route, since I am sure that many people out there would disagree with me on this point. With the trace between the via and pad at about 8 mil, it will provide "thermal isolation" that is required for the soldering operation, but at the same time it is short enough so that it does not become too much of an inductor for those power and ground connections. You might want some other opinions on this one. Two traces per routing "channel" is very do-able, and respecting the actual number of layers you will need, I can't help you there, as it will take what ever it takes, and there is not too much that can be done about that. The only remaining question is where did you get the 20 mil pad for the BGA ball, as you don't just want to pick a number here because it sounds good. What does the datasheet recommend? > Should I use two power planes for FPGA core voltage, Probably, if you can. > I/O voltage for FPGA (there is 8 bank, so we might need > 8 different I/O voltages), VREF voltage for each > bank (8 bank), 3.3V for memory and other chips... > how to manage all those different voltages...??? > You are probably not going to need "8 different I/O voltages", but I have seen times when an engineer wanted each "bank" to have it's own isolated and decoupled supply, in which case you could accomplish this on one "split" plane providing that the "splits" followed the contour of the "banks" of the BGA. You are probably not going to have to have any "VREF" or "Memory" voltages directly under the BGA, so you can worry about them in their own little corner of the board. > How about making splitplanes on GNDplane for > different "GNDs"? (memory, I/O, of cource there will be > own GND splitplane for FPGA chip...???) > While you might need to "split" some of the "power" planes as discussed above, but I would strongly discourage "splitting" any ground planes unless you absolutely have to. Something very important to remember here, is that you do not want to route any signals over (across) any "break" or "gap" in any planes or "split planes", as this will most certainly introduce noise into the supplies, and the design as a whole, since any "return currents" that cannot cross over a gap in the plane will have to go all the way around the gap, or split, back to the point where they are "common" (even if that is off of the board back at the supply), and in doing so, they will "infect" the supplies and planes with the "noise" of that signal. It would probably be better for you to consider having at least two planes that are solid ground just under the outer two signal layers, which could serve as a good solid ground plane for any of the signals that have to "cross over" any of the "splits" that may be necessary in other planes, such as "power" planes. This may "blow" your total layer count, but it will certainly keep your design much quieter. Here again you might want to consult with your EMI / EMC / RF Engineers, if you have some, and you might want to look for a couple of other opinions. Respecting LVDS, which you do mention in the other email: LVDS is an impedance controlled logic family, although depending on the device, that impedance can vary, depending on whether you are driving the LVDS through a ribbon cable or just driving across a PCB. Sometimes, with some devices, it seems that these requirements can be pretty much ignored, but I would doublecheck your datasheet, because I don't think that this might be one of those times. I would expect that you probably need to handle the LVDS lines as either individual 50 ohm impedance controlled transmission lines, or 100 ohm differential impedance controlled transmission lines. It is also quite possible, if not probable, that you will also need to terminate those lines with terminating resistors, either to themselves, or to a termination voltage. The datasheet will tell you what is required, and if it is not specified in the specific individual datasheet for the specific part that you are using, it may be that you need to consult the manufacturers databook or website for the "logic family requirements" to find out just what is required. For example, ECL devices require 50 ohm impedance controlled transmission lines, for almost all of their individual IC's, but you may not find those requirements defined on every single datasheet, as they may be defined at the beginning of the databook. The same may be happening here with your device and LVDS. You need to find out what just exactly what is really needed. That should be enough for now. I am not quite sure of your time zone, but I would think that it is at least mid afternoon there, and I hope that this will get to you before time to go home, JaMi * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * To post a message: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] * * To leave this list visit: * http://www.techservinc.com/protelusers/leave.html * * Contact the list manager: * mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] * * Forum Guidelines Rules: * http://www.techservinc.com/protelusers/forumrules.html * * Browse or Search previous postings: * http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected] * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
