Re: examples for man pages

[Nate Bargmann]

* On 2021 29 May 15:04 -0500, Richard Owlett wrote:
> On 05/29/2021 12:55 PM, Nate Bargmann wrote:
> > This may not be exactly what you're thinking of, but I saw this
> > referenced on Reddit recently:
> > 
> > curl cheat.sh/
> > 
> > I just did it for 'curl cheat.sh/cp' which gives some examples including
> > from tldr.
> > 
> > - Nate
> > 
> 
> I'll have to reconfigure something on my system. Executing  'curl
> cheat.sh/cp' resulted in light grey text on white background ;/

Might have to take that up with the author of cheat.sh.  I use Linux
console colors in my terminals so gray text on a nearly black background
thus everything looks fine "here".

> The man page is, putting *mildly*, overwhelming. Is there a recommended
> introduction to curl.

Well, 'curl cheat.sh/curl' gives me several screens full of seemingly
useful examples.  I've not used curl much either, it's mostly installed
for some other tool on my system, as I recall.  I do use wget on
occasion.

- Nate

-- 

"The optimist proclaims that we live in the best of all
possible worlds.  The pessimist fears this is true."

Web: https://www.n0nb.us
Projects: https://github.com/N0NB
GPG fingerprint: 82D6 4F6B 0E67 CD41 F689 BBA6 FB2C 5130 D55A 8819



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Re: How to capture composite video

[Charlie Gibbs]

On Sat May 29 14:58:54 2021 Dan Ritter  wrote:

> Andrei POPESCU wrote:
>
>> On Vi, 28 mai 21, 17:00:37, Charlie Gibbs wrote:
>>
>>> Presumably the Hauppauge card has an audio encoder somewhere;
>>> I just have to find it.  "ls -l /dev/ds*" shows nothing, and
>>> "arecord -l" shows:
>>>
>>>  List of CAPTURE Hardware Devices 
>>> card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: ALC892 Analog [ALC892 Analog]
>>>   Subdevices: 1/1
>>>   Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
>>> card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 2: ALC892 Alt Analog [ALC892 
Alt >>> Analog]

>>>   Subdevices: 1/1
>>>   Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
>>> card 2: CX8801 [Conexant CX8801], device 0: CX88 Digital [CX88
>>> Digital]
>>>   Subdevices: 0/1
>>>   Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
>>>
>>> None of those appear to be part of the Hauppauge card; they're
>>> probably on the motherboard.  Hmmm, maybe I could use one of
>>> them instead...
>>
>> It's probably the Conexant, unless you know for sure it's on the
>> motherboard. Maybe you can tell from the output of lspci with -t
>> and -nn or so.
>
> Andrei is correct.

Indeed.

$ lspci | grep Conexant
04:00.0 Multimedia video controller: Conexant Systems, Inc. 
CX23880/1/2/3 PCI Video and Audio Decoder (rev 05)
04:00.1 Multimedia controller: Conexant Systems, Inc. CX23880/1/2/3 PCI 
Video and Audio Decoder [Audio Port] (rev 05)
04:00.2 Multimedia controller: Conexant Systems, Inc. CX23880/1/2/3 PCI 
Video and Audio Decoder [MPEG Port] (rev 05)
04:00.4 Multimedia controller: Conexant Systems, Inc. CX23880/1/2/3 PCI 
Video and Audio Decoder [IR Port] (rev 05)


Maybe it's time to change the subject from "How to capture composite
video" to "How to capture audio", since that's where I am now.

--
cgi...@surfnaked.ca (Charlie Gibbs)
If your nose runs and your feet smell, you're built umop-apisdn.

Re: passwordless SSH

[Bob Weber]

On 5/29/21 16:12, Gary L. Roach wrote:

Operating System: Debian GNU/Linux 10
KDE Plasma Version: 5.14.5
Qt Version: 5.11.3
KDE Frameworks Version: 5.54.0
Kernel Version: 4.19.0-16-amd64
OS Type: 64-bit
Processors: 4 × AMD FX(tm)-4350 Quad-Core Processor
Memory: 15.6 GiB of RAM

I have been trying to setup passwordless SSH for a Backuppc system. I have 
three Debian 10  systems (including the server) . SSH sets up fine on one of 
the client machine and "ssh backu...@192.168.254.xx starts without asking for 
a password. The other machine (supposedly identical) not only asks for a 
password but will not accept any of the known passwords.  If I go to the 
offending machine and attempt to su to the backuppc user , I am asked for a 
password and no passwords work. This doesn't allow the use of ssh-copy-id for 
transfering the encryption key to that machine. I have tried to reset the 
backuppc password three times but did not solve the problem. In both systems 
the public key is stored in /var/lib/backuppc/.ssh as id_rsa.pub.


I also have a Windoz 7 laptop that I want to include and have managed to get 
ssh and rsync installed (what a mess that was). I have not tried to get 
passwordless access to that yet. For later.


Any insights?

Gary R.

The servers that are being backed up do not have a backuppc user.  They need to 
have root access to access all the files you may need to backup.  These 
commands will get the proper root access on each server being backed up from the 
backuppc server and backuppc user.


You didn't say whether the working password less ssh was working on the host 
(backuppc machine) or not.  So I will give you general instructions here.  
Some commands will need root access on the backuppc server to run.



THESE COMMANDS WILL BE RUN ON THE BACKUPPC SERVER FOR EACH MACHINE TO BACKUP.

First make sure you can login to the backuppc user.  Look at your passwd file 
in /etc.  It will have an entry for backuppc ... it should have a user home 
directory and user command interpreter listed.  Look at your own entry to see 
how the entries are formatted or look at "man 5 passwd". The directory should 
be the backuppc base directory /var/lib/backuppc and command interpreter 
/bin/bash.  Create a password for the backuppc user (as root) with "passwd 
backuppc".  Now login to the backuppc user with that password (or just "su - 
backuppc" from root).



Now follow the instructions at:

https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-setup-passwordless-ssh-login/

You will need to follow those instructions for each linux server you want to 
backup.  The .ssh directory will be under the directory listed in the passwd 
file (/var/lib/backuppc). DO NOT USE A PASSWORD TO create the key pair files! 
They should go into the /var/lib/backuppc/.ssh directory (only do this ONCE!).  
In step 03. the username should be root@ip-address (you will need root access on 
that machine to backup all files from the backuppc user on the backuppc 
server).  In step 04 you should be able to "ssh root@ip-address" without a 
password.



THESE COMMANDS ARE RUN ON EACH SERVER TO BE BACKED UP.

If yyou can't "ssh root@ip-address" without a password you may also need the 
line

"PermitRootLogin yes"

in the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file on each server to be backed up.

If you want to you can follow the instructions at "Disabling SSH Password 
Authentication".  Be very careful to follow the instructions closely.  These 
are not needed to get backuppc running!  You will need to be able to sudo into 
root from an unprivileged user to get root access so be VERY careful to follow 
the instructions.


...Bob

Re: enscript problem

[Greg Marks]

> I have the following problem with enscript:
> I do "enscript --i $MARGIN. "
> but whatever I put in MARGIN (10::: ,  10.:::) I get the error message
> enscript: malformed float dimension: google gave me nothing useful
> what am I supposed to put?

Something like

   enscript --margins=10:38:40:52 file.txt

should work (the four parameters are left, right, top, and bottom
margins, respectively, in PostScript points).

Best regards,
Greg Marks


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Re: passwordless SSH

[mick crane]

On 2021-05-29 21:12, Gary L. Roach wrote:

Operating System: Debian GNU/Linux 10
KDE Plasma Version: 5.14.5
Qt Version: 5.11.3
KDE Frameworks Version: 5.54.0
Kernel Version: 4.19.0-16-amd64
OS Type: 64-bit
Processors: 4 × AMD FX(tm)-4350 Quad-Core Processor
Memory: 15.6 GiB of RAM

I have been trying to setup passwordless SSH for a Backuppc system. I
have three Debian 10  systems (including the server) . SSH sets up
fine on one of the client machine and "ssh backu...@192.168.254.xx
starts without asking for a password. The other machine (supposedly
identical) not only asks for a password but will not accept any of the
known passwords.  If I go to the offending machine and attempt to su
to the backuppc user , I am asked for a password and no passwords
work. This doesn't allow the use of ssh-copy-id for transfering the
encryption key to that machine. I have tried to reset the backuppc
password three times but did not solve the problem. In both systems
the public key is stored in /var/lib/backuppc/.ssh as id_rsa.pub.

I also have a Windoz 7 laptop that I want to include and have managed
to get ssh and rsync installed (what a mess that was). I have not
tried to get passwordless access to that yet. For later.

Any insights?

Gary R.


You want to make keys without a passphrase and copy the public key to 
user at otherpc's .authorized_keys

mick

--
Key ID4BFEBB31

Re: examples for man pages

[Jeremy Nicoll]

On Sat, 29 May 2021, at 21:03, Richard Owlett wrote:

> The man page is, putting *mildly*, overwhelming. Is there a recommended 
> introduction to curl.

curl is a big subject.  While it's very useful to people who write scripts etc,
on many platforms, the whole manual is aimed at programmers using it.
Inevitably a lot of the information is quite detailed.   

If you're looking to learn more about one subject, getting distracted into 
learning about curl is possibly not a great idea!

For a quick summary of some basic uses of curl, see

  https://curl.se/docs/manual.html

For an longer, but much more educational read, try

  https://everything.curl.dev/

which was written by curl's author.

-- 
Jeremy Nicoll - my opinions are my own.

passwordless SSH

[Gary L. Roach]

Operating System: Debian GNU/Linux 10
KDE Plasma Version: 5.14.5
Qt Version: 5.11.3
KDE Frameworks Version: 5.54.0
Kernel Version: 4.19.0-16-amd64
OS Type: 64-bit
Processors: 4 × AMD FX(tm)-4350 Quad-Core Processor
Memory: 15.6 GiB of RAM

I have been trying to setup passwordless SSH for a Backuppc system. I 
have three Debian 10  systems (including the server) . SSH sets up fine 
on one of the client machine and "ssh backu...@192.168.254.xx starts 
without asking for a password. The other machine (supposedly identical) 
not only asks for a password but will not accept any of the known 
passwords.  If I go to the offending machine and attempt to su to the 
backuppc user , I am asked for a password and no passwords work. This 
doesn't allow the use of ssh-copy-id for transfering the encryption key 
to that machine. I have tried to reset the backuppc password three times 
but did not solve the problem. In both systems the public key is stored 
in /var/lib/backuppc/.ssh as id_rsa.pub.


I also have a Windoz 7 laptop that I want to include and have managed to 
get ssh and rsync installed (what a mess that was). I have not tried to 
get passwordless access to that yet. For later.


Any insights?

Gary R.

Re: LVM raid0

[Tom Dial]

On 5/28/21 12:58, Gokan Atmaca wrote:
>> Is your '/etc/crypttab' file properly populated?
> 
> There is no encrypted volume.
> 
> 
> On Fri, May 28, 2021 at 9:37 PM john doe  wrote:
>>
>> On 5/28/2021 8:31 PM, Gokan Atmaca wrote:
>>> Additionally I found something like the following in the dmesg logs.
>>>
>>> [Fri May 28 14:14:19 2021] x86/cpu: VMX (outside TXT) disabled by BIOS
>>> [Fri May 28 14:14:20 2021] r8169 :06:00.0: unknown chip XID 641
>>> [Fri May 28 14:14:22 2021] device-mapper: table: 253:2: raid: Failed
>>> to run raid array
>>> [Fri May 28 14:14:22 2021] device-mapper: table: 253:2: raid: Failed
>>> to run raid array
>>> [Fri May 28 14:15:25 2021] hdaudio hdaudioC0D2: Unable to bind the codec
>>>
>>> On Fri, May 28, 2021 at 9:27 PM Gokan Atmaca  wrote:

 Hello

 I did LVM raid 0. But when reboot the disks come as "inherit".
 What would be the reason ?

 lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path/dev/vg2t/lv-st0
LV Namelv-st0
VG Namevg2t
LV UUIDJOfIdw-8uhQ-OvsF-4Sdp-LMDm-NEVv-UMjFDW
LV Write Accessread/write
LV Creation host, time ob, 2021-05-28 10:46:49 -0400
LV Status  NOT available
LV Size1.81 TiB
Current LE 474482
Segments   1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto

--- Logical volume ---
LV Path/dev/vg2t/lv_storage14t
LV Namelv_storage14t
VG Namevg2t
LV UUIDjHbg36-GKU0-Mked-PbMd-Vnio-IPbE-lpGWD4
LV Write Accessread/write
LV Creation host, time ob 2021-05-28 13:41:04 -0400
LV Status  NOT available
LV Size14.50 TiB
Current LE 3801088
Segments   1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto

Allocation  inherit is the default (inherited from the volume group) if
you did not specify an allocation rule in the lvcreate command that
created the volume group. Based on my experience and existing volume
groups, it also is the default for vgcreate command if nothing else is
specified.

The above also shows "LV Status NOT available". That likely indicates
that the volume group was not activated at boot. That would prevent use
of the logical volumes for anything and probably explain the device
mapper messages shown above.

As Reco suggested in a later reply, it would be helpful to see the
output of both vgdisplay -v and pvdisplay.

It also might be helpful if you could show the exact commands you used
originally to set up the RAID environment.

I realize that may be impossible, but wonder if you defined a raid0
device on top of the LVM logical volumes using external raid management
software. My understanding is that while that might be possible, the
usual way to create raid under LVM is to specify it by type when
creating the logical volume. In this case, for (partly made up) example:

vgcreate vg2t /dev/sda /dev/sdb
lvcreate --type raid0 -name lv-stg --size 16700GiB vg2t

This would result in one logical volume, /dev/vg2t/, split between the
two physical volumes (assumed here to be /dev/sda and /dev/sdb but maybe
different on your system), with total storage of about 16.3 TiB. I guess
that allocation would be first from /dev/sda and, when that is
exhausted, /dev/sdb. Other allocation rules could be specified in the
vgcreate command (and inherited by the logical volume) or the lvcreate
command. With the very different sized disks involved, it is not clear
that would be useful.

Regards,
Tom Dial



 Thanls.




 --
 ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀
 ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system
 ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org
 ⠈⠳⣄
>>>
>>
>> Is your '/etc/crypttab' file properly populated?
>>
>> --
>> John Doe
>>

Re: examples for man pages

[Richard Owlett]

On 05/29/2021 12:55 PM, Nate Bargmann wrote:

This may not be exactly what you're thinking of, but I saw this
referenced on Reddit recently:

curl cheat.sh/

I just did it for 'curl cheat.sh/cp' which gives some examples including
from tldr.

- Nate



I'll have to reconfigure something on my system. Executing  'curl 
cheat.sh/cp' resulted in light grey text on white background ;/


However, on [ https://github.com/chubin/cheat.sh ] I saw:

If you don't know the name of the command you need, you can search for it
using the ~KEYWORD notation. For example, to see how you can make snapshots
of a filesystem/volume/something else ...


That has interesting possibilities for addressing a different set of 
problems. Exploring that site and the curl command [which I've never 
used] should keep me indoors for a chilly &/or wet coming week.


The man page is, putting *mildly*, overwhelming. Is there a recommended 
introduction to curl.

Re: examples for man pages

[Richard Owlett]

On 05/29/2021 11:47 AM, Marco Möller wrote:

On 29.05.21 15:41, Richard Owlett wrote:
A couple of months ago there was a discussion of practical problems 
with adding examples to all man pages.


Someone pointed to a website of examples indexed by man page name. 
Unfortunately I didn't bookmark it and my attempts to do a web search 
failed.


Does anyone recall the URL?
TIA




I didn't follow that discussion, but I know this:
https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr/tree/master
At the bottom of that page you will find in category "Web clients" a 
list of Websites of interest, which can show you the tldr ouptut.

https://tldr.dendron.so/
At the command prompt, without having to use a browser, I much liked the 
node.js based client with its colorful (helpful) output:

https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr-node-client
Simply because of the ease of installation with "apt install tldr" I am 
also happy with the tldr client in the Debian repository.
I am not sure if this is what you have been asking for. However, I hope 
that also this information could be useful for you.

Good Luck!
Marco.


I came across that in my current search. It attacks the underlying with 
a different set of goals/constraints.


I'm specifically looking for a HTML web page as I have my browser 
configured to address some visual problems.

Re: examples for man pages

[Richard Owlett]

On 05/29/2021 10:57 AM, Andrew M.A. Cater wrote:

On Sat, May 29, 2021 at 08:41:02AM -0500, Richard Owlett wrote:

A couple of months ago there was a discussion of practical problems with
adding examples to all man pages.

Someone pointed to a website of examples indexed by man page name.
Unfortunately I didn't bookmark it and my attempts to do a web search
failed.

Does anyone recall the URL?
TIA



Richard,

The thread appears to start here:

https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2021/03/msg01358.html

You can, if you wish, search the archives of this list quite well at
https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/ at any point.

All the very best, as ever,

Andy C.





Not in that thread. I have a local copy of that thread.
The web page I'm looking for was mentioned in more narrowly focused 
thread in the same time frame.

Re: RAID5 sobre "hardware".

[JavierDebian]

El 29/5/21 a las 14:11, Camaleón escribió:

El 2021-05-29 a las 13:50 -0300, JavierDebian escribió:


Tengo actualmente instalado "buster" y un RAID5 sobre "software" para la
partición /home; hasta ahí, todo bien.

La placa madre que tengo es una GA-H170M-D3H (rev. 1.0)
https://www.gigabyte.com/ar/Motherboard/GA-H170M-D3H-rev-10#ov

He conseguido un disco sólido Gigabyte Gp-gsm2ne8256gntd; pienso rehacer
toda la instalación, pero ahora, con otra configuración.

El sistema tendrá un SSD para la instalación de Debian, un HDD para las
particiones /var y alguna otra cosa de mucha lectura/escritura y 4 discos de
1TB para un RAID5 por "hardware" donde se montará la /home.


¿Qué controladora RAID vas a montar?

Los niveles RAID que permite el chipset de la placa base, NO es
hardware RAID, podrás usar mdadm (software raid de linux), o usar
dmraid (un engendro lleno de problemas).

Para todo lo relacionado con RAID en linux te recomiendo esta página,
es muy útil, completamente veraz y te evitará muchos problemas
futuros:

Linux Raid
https://raid.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Linux_Raid#Hardware_RAID


Esto último es lo que cambia, realmente.

Acá vienen las preguntas, pues ignoro todo sobre RAID sobre hardware, y la
documentación que encuentro es más bien escueta.

Sobre la configuración del RAID, y viendo el "manual"
https://download.gigabyte.com/FileList/Manual/mb_manual_z390-raid.pdf
¿Qué conviene hacer:
   C-1 EZ-RAID
   C-2 UEFI RAID
   C-3 Legacy RAID ROM?


Ninguno porque todos son dmraid. En cualquier caso, si no tienes una
controaldora buena, mejor configurar el RAID en el sistema (md).
  

Porque, la segunda pregunta, no sé cuán fácil o difícil (no encuentro nada
en la red) es cambiar un disco dañado de un RAID sobre hardware.
Creería que debiera ser tan simple como reemplazar el disco rígido en la
misma boca ("slot") donde está conectado el disco dañado, y la programación
ROM se encargaría de formatear, sumar al RAID y replicar los datos, pero no
entiendo qué diferencia hay entre las tres opciones que dispone, y cuál es
la más conveniente; supongo que la primera será la mejor para el fabricante,
pero no se cuán conveniente es para un sistema Debian.


Je... ojalá.

Mi experiencia con el (hardware) RAID no ha sido muy buena. En los
servidores tengo los sistemas Debian con RAID 1 (SO) y RAID 5 para datos.
La controladora es una Adpatec (ya extinta) y bueno, la gestión deja
bastante que desear. Cuando falla un disco (puede ser un falso positivo
o un fallo real) el proceso de reconstrucción que sigue es transparente,
pero siempre y cuando tengas las herramientas (controlador y utilidades)
necesarias instaladas y funcionando en el sistema, si no, tienes que
entrar en la BIOS de la controladora y trabajar desde ahí (añadir el
nuevo disco al volumen, verificar su estado, etc...). La reconstrucción
de un volumen RAID gordo (>3 Tib) se suele eternizar (horas).

En resumne: (hardware) RAID sí, pero asegúrate de que la controladora
(que no suele ser económica, precisamente) sea realmente buena y el
fabricante disponga de un driver libre (mejor si se incluye en el
propio kernel) y existen las herramientas para la versión de tu
sistema.

Saludos,




O sea, lo mejor sería seguir con mdadm sobre Debian, y no tocar el 
pseudo RAID de la placa.


Y sí, he estado viendo que no hay nada de "software" o controladores 
para linux del chipset Intel H170, ni de GigaByte.

Y como dice una página que encontré recién por ahí,
"The RAID array is created outside of any operating system, and from 
there, you are operating in the dark unless you install third-party 
software, which is only available for Windows as far as I can tell."


Mi "gran temor" es cambiar un disco en fallo; con mdadm es fácil; o será 
que ya sé cómo hacerlo.


Por lo que veo, mi placa tiene un "fake RAID"; y no pienso gastar un 
centavo en una controladora RAID externa.


Bien, seguiré tu consejo.
Más fácil aún, sólo se tratará de clonar la raíz sobre el SSD y 
reconfigurar.


Muchas gracias.

JAP

Re: OpenVpn Mac Address Filter

[Erwan David]

Le 29/05/2021 à 20:09, Gokan Atmaca a écrit :
> Hello
>
> Can we filter MAC addresses of Openvpn clients ?
>
> Thanks.
>
>
>
Mac address is available only on the local network. You usually do not
get the mac address of the openvpn client but the mac address of nic of
the last router facing your openvpn server.

OpenVpn Mac Address Filter

[Gokan Atmaca]

Hello

Can we filter MAC addresses of Openvpn clients ?

Thanks.



-- 
⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀
⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system
⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org
⠈⠳⣄

Re: examples for man pages

[Nate Bargmann]

This may not be exactly what you're thinking of, but I saw this
referenced on Reddit recently:

curl cheat.sh/

I just did it for 'curl cheat.sh/cp' which gives some examples including
from tldr.

- Nate

-- 

"The optimist proclaims that we live in the best of all
possible worlds.  The pessimist fears this is true."

Web: https://www.n0nb.us
Projects: https://github.com/N0NB
GPG fingerprint: 82D6 4F6B 0E67 CD41 F689 BBA6 FB2C 5130 D55A 8819



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Re: enscript problem

[C M Reinehr]

I believe that you are confusing two different options the Indent option 
is -i or --indent, whereas the margin option is --margins and they take 
different inputs.


Check the manual.

CMR

Linux distribution Debian 10.3 "Buster"

“A ‘committee’ is a group of people who individually can do nothing, but who as
a group, can meet and decide that nothing can be done.” ~ Fred Allen
--

On 5/29/21 5:25 AM, Pierre Frenkiel wrote:


hi,
I have the following problem with enscript:
I do "enscript --i $MARGIN. "
but whatever I put in MARGIN (10::: ,  10.:::) I get the error message
   enscript: malformed float dimension: google gave me nothing useful
what am I supposed to put?

best regards,

Re: RAID5 sobre "hardware".

[Camaleón]

El 2021-05-29 a las 13:50 -0300, JavierDebian escribió:

> Tengo actualmente instalado "buster" y un RAID5 sobre "software" para la
> partición /home; hasta ahí, todo bien.
> 
> La placa madre que tengo es una GA-H170M-D3H (rev. 1.0)
> https://www.gigabyte.com/ar/Motherboard/GA-H170M-D3H-rev-10#ov
> 
> He conseguido un disco sólido Gigabyte Gp-gsm2ne8256gntd; pienso rehacer
> toda la instalación, pero ahora, con otra configuración.
> 
> El sistema tendrá un SSD para la instalación de Debian, un HDD para las
> particiones /var y alguna otra cosa de mucha lectura/escritura y 4 discos de
> 1TB para un RAID5 por "hardware" donde se montará la /home.

¿Qué controladora RAID vas a montar?

Los niveles RAID que permite el chipset de la placa base, NO es 
hardware RAID, podrás usar mdadm (software raid de linux), o usar 
dmraid (un engendro lleno de problemas).

Para todo lo relacionado con RAID en linux te recomiendo esta página, 
es muy útil, completamente veraz y te evitará muchos problemas 
futuros:

Linux Raid
https://raid.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Linux_Raid#Hardware_RAID

> Esto último es lo que cambia, realmente.
> 
> Acá vienen las preguntas, pues ignoro todo sobre RAID sobre hardware, y la
> documentación que encuentro es más bien escueta.
> 
> Sobre la configuración del RAID, y viendo el "manual"
> https://download.gigabyte.com/FileList/Manual/mb_manual_z390-raid.pdf
> ¿Qué conviene hacer:
>   C-1 EZ-RAID
>   C-2 UEFI RAID
>   C-3 Legacy RAID ROM?

Ninguno porque todos son dmraid. En cualquier caso, si no tienes una 
controaldora buena, mejor configurar el RAID en el sistema (md).
 
> Porque, la segunda pregunta, no sé cuán fácil o difícil (no encuentro nada
> en la red) es cambiar un disco dañado de un RAID sobre hardware.
> Creería que debiera ser tan simple como reemplazar el disco rígido en la
> misma boca ("slot") donde está conectado el disco dañado, y la programación
> ROM se encargaría de formatear, sumar al RAID y replicar los datos, pero no
> entiendo qué diferencia hay entre las tres opciones que dispone, y cuál es
> la más conveniente; supongo que la primera será la mejor para el fabricante,
> pero no se cuán conveniente es para un sistema Debian.

Je... ojalá.

Mi experiencia con el (hardware) RAID no ha sido muy buena. En los 
servidores tengo los sistemas Debian con RAID 1 (SO) y RAID 5 para datos. 
La controladora es una Adpatec (ya extinta) y bueno, la gestión deja 
bastante que desear. Cuando falla un disco (puede ser un falso positivo 
o un fallo real) el proceso de reconstrucción que sigue es transparente, 
pero siempre y cuando tengas las herramientas (controlador y utilidades) 
necesarias instaladas y funcionando en el sistema, si no, tienes que 
entrar en la BIOS de la controladora y trabajar desde ahí (añadir el 
nuevo disco al volumen, verificar su estado, etc...). La reconstrucción 
de un volumen RAID gordo (>3 Tib) se suele eternizar (horas).

En resumne: (hardware) RAID sí, pero asegúrate de que la controladora 
(que no suele ser económica, precisamente) sea realmente buena y el 
fabricante disponga de un driver libre (mejor si se incluye en el 
propio kernel) y existen las herramientas para la versión de tu 
sistema.

Saludos,

-- 
Camaleón 

Re: How do I permanently disable unattended downloads of software/security updates?

[Stella Ashburne]

Hello Andrei

Thank you for your advice and time. I really appreciate it.

> Sent: Saturday, May 29, 2021 at 2:49 PM
> From: "Andrei POPESCU" 
> To: debian-user@lists.debian.org
> Subject: Re: How do I permanently disable unattended downloads of 
> software/security updates?
>
> Removing files belonging to a package is typically frowned upon, as this
> can under specific circumstances be like pulling the rug from underneath
> a package (or worse, APT/dpkg).

Oops. I removed/deleted the file 50unattended-upgrades located in 
/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/
>
> In the case of configuration files (basically everything that is under
> /etc and a few other places) it can cause unexpected or even unsafe
> behaviour as the software might revert to built-in defaults that could
> be wrong for your system.

I suppose 50unattended-upgrades is a configuration file?

Best regards.

Re: examples for man pages

[Marco Möller]

On 29.05.21 15:41, Richard Owlett wrote:
A couple of months ago there was a discussion of practical problems with 
adding examples to all man pages.


Someone pointed to a website of examples indexed by man page name. 
Unfortunately I didn't bookmark it and my attempts to do a web search 
failed.


Does anyone recall the URL?
TIA




I didn't follow that discussion, but I know this:
https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr/tree/master
At the bottom of that page you will find in category "Web clients" a 
list of Websites of interest, which can show you the tldr ouptut.

https://tldr.dendron.so/
At the command prompt, without having to use a browser, I much liked the 
node.js based client with its colorful (helpful) output:

https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr-node-client
Simply because of the ease of installation with "apt install tldr" I am 
also happy with the tldr client in the Debian repository.
I am not sure if this is what you have been asking for. However, I hope 
that also this information could be useful for you.

Good Luck!
Marco.

RAID5 sobre "hardware".

[JavierDebian]

Buenos días.

Pregunto a la lista porque no se dónde más preguntar.

Tengo actualmente instalado "buster" y un RAID5 sobre "software" para la 
partición /home; hasta ahí, todo bien.


La placa madre que tengo es una GA-H170M-D3H (rev. 1.0)
https://www.gigabyte.com/ar/Motherboard/GA-H170M-D3H-rev-10#ov

He conseguido un disco sólido Gigabyte Gp-gsm2ne8256gntd; pienso rehacer 
toda la instalación, pero ahora, con otra configuración.


El sistema tendrá un SSD para la instalación de Debian, un HDD para las 
particiones /var y alguna otra cosa de mucha lectura/escritura y 4 
discos de 1TB para un RAID5 por "hardware" donde se montará la /home.


Esto último es lo que cambia, realmente.

Acá vienen las preguntas, pues ignoro todo sobre RAID sobre hardware, y 
la documentación que encuentro es más bien escueta.


Sobre la configuración del RAID, y viendo el "manual"
https://download.gigabyte.com/FileList/Manual/mb_manual_z390-raid.pdf
¿Qué conviene hacer:
  C-1 EZ-RAID
  C-2 UEFI RAID
  C-3 Legacy RAID ROM?

Porque, la segunda pregunta, no sé cuán fácil o difícil (no encuentro 
nada en la red) es cambiar un disco dañado de un RAID sobre hardware.
Creería que debiera ser tan simple como reemplazar el disco rígido en la 
misma boca ("slot") donde está conectado el disco dañado, y la 
programación ROM se encargaría de formatear, sumar al RAID y replicar 
los datos, pero no entiendo qué diferencia hay entre las tres opciones 
que dispone, y cuál es la más conveniente; supongo que la primera será 
la mejor para el fabricante, pero no se cuán conveniente es para un 
sistema Debian.


Si alguien sabe del tema, le pido me guíe para no hacer macanas.

Muchas gracias.

JAP

Re: examples for man pages

[Andrew M.A. Cater]

On Sat, May 29, 2021 at 08:41:02AM -0500, Richard Owlett wrote:
> A couple of months ago there was a discussion of practical problems with
> adding examples to all man pages.
> 
> Someone pointed to a website of examples indexed by man page name.
> Unfortunately I didn't bookmark it and my attempts to do a web search
> failed.
> 
> Does anyone recall the URL?
> TIA
> 
> 
Richard,

The thread appears to start here:

https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2021/03/msg01358.html

You can, if you wish, search the archives of this list quite well at 
https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/ at any point.

All the very best, as ever,

Andy C.

re: cannot download debian buster becase error in running ubuntu

[Polyna-Maude Racicot-Summerside]

Why don't you give Ubuntu a call or check on their mailing list ?
You problem seems much more related to Ubuntu than Debian.

The only thing I can tell you is look inside /var/lib/dpkg/info/
and remove the file .postrm (or whatever you need). This way you will be
able to remove the package or install it.

On 2021-05-29 9:18 a.m., Anton Wessel wrote:
> apt-get upgrade debian-archive-keyring
> exits with error because removing of
> ldap-account-manager
> (which is half installed) is not possible because error from postrm.
> 
> general problem in apt-get:
> a similar option as --no-remove should exist which makes possible
> apt-get to make its work ignoring other problems like remove-error.
> 
> Background:
> 
> On one device I have Knoppix, on another device I have kubuntu.
> 
> kubuntu is running.
> 
> since many days, packet ldap-account-manager
> is defect, cannot be repaired, cannot be removed becaus apache is not
> avalable.
> 
> apache cannot be started becase of very many reasons, the most of it I
> have fixed, but some I cannot fix.
> 
> Thus I would like to make available my KNOPPIX 8.6 by mount cloop KNOPPIX.
> 
> But cloop-utils are not contained in Kubuntu.
> 
> Thetefore I have to get available the packages of debian buster.
> 
> For this the public key must be provided.
> 
> For this apt-get updrade must run.
> 
> But apt-get is not vwilling to run becase it tries to remove
> ldap-acoount-manager
> and cannot remove it, see above.
> 
> anton_wes...@t-online.de
> 
> 
> 
> Gesendet mit der Telekom Mail App
> 

-- 
Polyna-Maude R.-Summerside
-Be smart, Be wise, Support opensource development





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cannot download debian buster becase error in running ubuntu

[Anton Wessel]

apt-get upgrade debian-archive-keyring
exits with error because removing of
ldap-account-manager
(which is half installed) is not possible because error from postrm.

general problem in apt-get:
a similar option as --no-remove should exist which makes possible apt-get 
to make its work ignoring other problems like remove-error.

Background:

On one device I have Knoppix, on another device I have kubuntu.

kubuntu is running.

since many days, packet ldap-account-manager
is defect, cannot be repaired, cannot be removed becaus apache is not 
avalable.

apache cannot be started becase of very many reasons, the most of it I have 
fixed, but some I cannot fix.

Thus I would like to make available my KNOPPIX 8.6 by mount cloop KNOPPIX.

But cloop-utils are not contained in Kubuntu.

Thetefore I have to get available the packages of debian buster.

For this the public key must be provided.

For this apt-get updrade must run.

But apt-get is not vwilling to run becase it tries to remove
ldap-acoount-manager
and cannot remove it, see above.

anton_wes...@t-online.de



Gesendet mit der Telekom Mail App

examples for man pages

[Richard Owlett]

A couple of months ago there was a discussion of practical problems with 
adding examples to all man pages.


Someone pointed to a website of examples indexed by man page name. 
Unfortunately I didn't bookmark it and my attempts to do a web search 
failed.


Does anyone recall the URL?
TIA

Re: How do I permanently disable unattended downloads of software/security updates?

[Greg Wooledge]

On Sat, May 29, 2021 at 09:49:06AM +0300, Andrei POPESCU wrote:
> In the case of configuration files (basically everything that is under 
> /etc and a few other places) it can cause unexpected or even unsafe 
> behaviour as the software might revert to built-in defaults that could 
> be wrong for your system.

Also worth noting: if you remove a conffile and then think "Oops, I
didn't mean to do that, let me reinstall the package to get it back",
you will be surprised.  The conffile will not be replaced.  Your action
of deleting the conffile while retaining the package is explicitly
noted by the package manager, and respected as a conscious choice.

If you want to replace a deleted conffile, you may either *purge* the
package and then reinstall it, or use the --force-confmiss flag to dpkg.


On Sat, May 29, 2021 at 10:06:09AM +0300, Andrei POPESCU wrote:
> APT (the software package) doesn't autoremove packages, though it might 
> suggest you to do that when you use the 'apt' command.
> 
> aptitude in its default configuration will do so on every occasion, so 
> you might want to avoid using it for package installs, removals, etc.

tasksel will also perform an autoremove for you without asking you.
It was after this happened to me that I investigated how to disable
apt's autoremove feature.

See also .

Re: How to capture composite video

[Dan Ritter]

Andrei POPESCU wrote: 
> On Vi, 28 mai 21, 17:00:37, Charlie Gibbs wrote:
> > 
> > Presumably the Hauppauge card has an audio encoder somewhere;
> > I just have to find it.  "ls -l /dev/ds*" shows nothing, and
> > "arecord -l" shows:
> > 
> >  List of CAPTURE Hardware Devices 
> > card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: ALC892 Analog [ALC892 Analog]
> >   Subdevices: 1/1
> >   Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
> > card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 2: ALC892 Alt Analog [ALC892 Alt Analog]
> >   Subdevices: 1/1
> >   Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
> > card 2: CX8801 [Conexant CX8801], device 0: CX88 Digital [CX88 Digital]
> >   Subdevices: 0/1
> >   Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
> > 
> > None of those appear to be part of the Hauppauge card; they're probably
> > on the motherboard.  Hmmm, maybe I could use one of them instead...
> 
> It's probably the Conexant, unless you know for sure it's on the 
> motherboard. Maybe you can tell from the output of lspci with -t and -nn 
> or so.


Andrei is correct. 

-dsr-

enscript problem

[Pierre Frenkiel]

hi,
I have the following problem with enscript:
I do "enscript --i $MARGIN. "
but whatever I put in MARGIN (10::: ,  10.:::) I get the error message
enscript: malformed float dimension: 
google gave me nothing useful

what am I supposed to put?

best regards,
--
Pierre Frenkiel

Re: How do I permanently disable unattended downloads of software/security updates?

[l0f4r0]

Hi,

29 mai 2021, 09:06 de andreimpope...@gmail.com: 

>> Question: What command can I type in a terminal to find out if the 
>> package "unattended-upgrades" is a *dependency* of some other 
>> packages?
>>
> These should do it.
>
> apt rdepends unattended-upgrades
>
> Read as "the reverse depends of", though it will also include other 
> package relationships.
>
> aptitude search '?depends(unattended-upgrades)'
>
> Read as "packages that depend on". This is interpreted literally, i.e. 
> it won't show any other package relationship (like Recommends).
>
I didn't know about `apt rdepends` thanks.
It appears the result is more explicit than `apt-cache rdepends`, that's a good 
point (easy to grep).

What is less good is that it's very easy to forget this behavior difference 
with time (like many things).
There are so many commands and possibilities around APT, it can be confusing 
sometimes...

NB: You can still filter `apt-cache rdepends` results with some other switches 
like `--no-pre-depends`,  `--no-recommends`,  `--no-suggests`,  
`--no-conflicts`,  `--no-breaks`, `--no-replaces` and `--no-enhances`.

29 mai 2021, 01:32 de rewe...@gmx.com:

> Oh my God, are you telling me that we are not done with this "whatever thing 
> you may call it"? I thought I could close this matter..lol
>
> Based on your vast experience of using Linux in general and Debian in 
> particular, can you think of any other packages or files that could download 
> software and security updates silently in the background?
>
"Vast experience"? I think you are probably flattering me lol
As said Socrates: "I know that I do not know.". It happens everyday for me ;p

Back to your question, here are other suggestions I can think about:
* cron-apt
* apticron (its goal is only to send notifications by emails but it certainly 
triggers `apt update` to do that. So maybe this update triggers some other 
things from your side as well, like widgets...)
* widgets/applets for your favorite desktop environment (I can't help you, I 
don't use any...)

NB: If not explicitely mentioned by a debian-user poster, most of the time 
(s)he is a subscriber of this mailing-list. At least I am, so you can omit my 
email address in each of your answers (I'm currently receiving all your emails 
twice) ;)

Best regards,
l0f4r0

Re: boot screen not shown properly

[Long Wind]

 i've solved on my own, it's easyopen grub.cfg in /boot/grubreplace "insmod 
all_video" with "insmod vga"
some user just ask me to provide more detailsafter i do so, they say nothing, 
they don't look like experti've said grub screen isn't ok but screen is ok 
after  debian boots 
doesn't such info provide clue to my problem?



  

Re: comment indexer un lot de photographies

[l0f4r0]

Hello,

28 mai 2021, 12:00 de jer...@haricophile.org:

> Un truc non libre mais gratuit et opensource dans sa version
> Linux/windows: il y a xnview qui est très standard dans les
> métadonnées, et se prête à toutes les manipulations souhaitables.
>
Petit aparté : sauf si je me base sur de vieilles infos, xnview n'est même pas 
opensource ;)

https://newsgroup.xnview.com/viewtopic.php?t=5856
https://newsgroup.xnview.com/viewtopic.php?t=5932

Bon week-end !
l0f4r0

Re: How do I permanently disable unattended downloads of software/security updates?

[Andrei POPESCU]

On Vi, 28 mai 21, 20:40:23, Stella Ashburne wrote:
> 
> Question: Instead of using "aptitude why unattended-upgrades" command, 
> can I use "apt why unattended-upgrades"? I was told many years ago 
> that the command "aptitude" was deprecated.
 
aptitude was deprecated for some very specific uses only (in particular 
dist-upgrades), not because it couldn't do them, but because APT found 
better solutions. It also didn't help that development of aptitude was 
stopped for a while.

aptitude is currently still irreplaceable for some uses.

In this particular case, apt doesn't have a 'why' command, hence the 
suggestion to use aptitude instead.
 
> Question: What command can I type in a terminal to find out if the 
> package "unattended-upgrades" is a *dependency* of some other 
> packages?

These should do it.

apt rdepends unattended-upgrades

Read as "the reverse depends of", though it will also include other 
package relationships.


aptitude search '?depends(unattended-upgrades)'

Read as "packages that depend on". This is interpreted literally, i.e. 
it won't show any other package relationship (like Recommends).


> I wish to improve my knowledge of computing. How do I disable 
> autoremove? What is the command to be typed in a terminal?

APT (the software package) doesn't autoremove packages, though it might 
suggest you to do that when you use the 'apt' command.

aptitude in its default configuration will do so on every occasion, so 
you might want to avoid using it for package installs, removals, etc.


Kind regards,
Andrei
-- 
http://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser


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Re: How do I permanently disable unattended downloads of software/security updates?

[Andrei POPESCU]

On Vi, 28 mai 21, 02:44:30, Stella Ashburne wrote:
> 
> The reason is that I find it too drastic a step. I chose to disable by 
> doing sudo systemctl disable unattended-upgrades. I did delete the 
> package called 50unattended-upgrades (as mentioned in my original 
> post.)

Installing packages on Debian is so easy that in most cases purging a 
package is a very safe method to disable a specific functionality.

Removing files belonging to a package is typically frowned upon, as this 
can under specific circumstances be like pulling the rug from underneath 
a package (or worse, APT/dpkg).

In the case of configuration files (basically everything that is under 
/etc and a few other places) it can cause unexpected or even unsafe 
behaviour as the software might revert to built-in defaults that could 
be wrong for your system.

Kind regards,
Andrei
-- 
http://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser


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Re: How to capture composite video

[Andrei POPESCU]

On Vi, 28 mai 21, 17:00:37, Charlie Gibbs wrote:
> 
> Presumably the Hauppauge card has an audio encoder somewhere;
> I just have to find it.  "ls -l /dev/ds*" shows nothing, and
> "arecord -l" shows:
> 
>  List of CAPTURE Hardware Devices 
> card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: ALC892 Analog [ALC892 Analog]
>   Subdevices: 1/1
>   Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
> card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 2: ALC892 Alt Analog [ALC892 Alt Analog]
>   Subdevices: 1/1
>   Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
> card 2: CX8801 [Conexant CX8801], device 0: CX88 Digital [CX88 Digital]
>   Subdevices: 0/1
>   Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
> 
> None of those appear to be part of the Hauppauge card; they're probably
> on the motherboard.  Hmmm, maybe I could use one of them instead...

It's probably the Conexant, unless you know for sure it's on the 
motherboard. Maybe you can tell from the output of lspci with -t and -nn 
or so.

Kind regards,
Andrei
-- 
http://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser


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