Re: To RTTE or not to RTTE

2003-01-24 Thread Leslie Bai
Dave, 


From your email address, it looks like you are at a test lab. 


Not sure what type of source the advice you got from, but this device falls
into RTTE Directive, in specific, the standards to test against shall be: 


EN 300 330 series for radio parameters and EN 301 489 series for EMC
parameters. 


Hope this helps. 


Leslie 


  


 Dave Grant da...@alisonlabs.com wrote: 



Hello All.

Is the RTTE directive applicable for proximity card readers in access
control systems?

The frequencies of interest are:

125 kHz
13.56MHz
134.2kHz

I am getting some advice that these products fall outside of the above
directive and instead fall under the EMC directive. What's your opinion?

Can you guys point me to some info on the web that could clarify this?

Thanks ...

Dave Grant





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Re: China Approvals

2003-01-20 Thread Leslie Bai
Mat, 


YD/T993 does not have official English version, this standard consists of
major requirements of three other Chinese standards, i.e. GB3482 (1982),
GB3483 (1983) and GB 4943 (1995). 


GB3482/GB3483 are similar to ITU K.21 and G992.1. GB4943 is similar to IEC950. 


All requirements in TD/T993 are in either of three GB standards which are
similar to international standards. 


If you need more information, contact me off-line. 


Hope this helps, 


Leslie 


  


 Aschenberg, Mat matt.aschenb...@echostar.com wrote: 



Hello, 
I am looking get a copy of

YD/T993: Technical Requirements and Test Methods of Lightening
Resistibility for Telecommunication Terminal Equipment

or preferably an equivalent document in English. 
Do you know where I might be able to locate this? 

Thanks, 
Mat
Mat Aschenberg
Agency Engineer
EchoStar Technologies Corporation 
Englewood, Colorado 
(303) 706-5064




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Re: SV: Singapore and IDA license

2003-01-18 Thread Leslie Bai
No, Colin Gan is my ex-colleague working at PSB, a product testing and
certification house, not IDA licensing authority. 


The followings are correct contacts for IDA licenses. 


1. Radio-communication Licensing

Mr Tang Chee Mun
Tel: (65) 6211 1905
E-mail:  mailto:tang_chee_...@ida.gov.sg tang_chee_...@ida.gov.sg

2. SBO(Individual) Licensing

Mr Badrul Hisham
Tel: (65) 6211 1938
E-mail:  mailto:badrul_his...@ida.gov.sg badrul_his...@ida.gov.sg

3. SBO(Class) Licensing

Mr Png Soo Chuan
Tel: (65) 6211 1931
E-mail:  mailto:badrul_his...@ida.gov.sg png_soo_ch...@ida.gov.sg

4. Equipment Type Approval Matter

Ms Chee Swee Lin
Tel: (65) 6211 1919
E-mail:  mailto:chee_swee_...@ida.gov.sg chee_swee_...@ida.gov.sg

5. Dealer's Licensing/Import Control

Mr Tan Eng Soon
Tel: (65) 6211 1948
E-mail:  mailto:Tan_Eng_Soon@i! da.gov.sg Tan_Eng_S! o...@ida.gov.sg

6. Radio Frequency Matter

Ms Teo Geok Hoon
Tel: (65) 6211 1903
Email:  mailto:teo_geok_h...@ida.gov.sg teo_geok_h...@ida.gov.sg

Hope it helps,

If you need further information or assistance on Singapore licenses or
products approvals, contact me off-line.

Leslie


 

 Amund Westin am...@westin-emission.no wrote: 



Visit www.ida.gov.sg or contact Colin Gan [mailto:colin@psbcorp.com]

He might help you with the details.

Amund


 
 
 I have been advised by the Singapore authorities that I need to 
 get an IDA license .
 
 What is it and how do I get one?
 
 Thanks in anticipation
 
 Click on browse and then emc-pstc mailing list


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Re: Singapore and IDA license

2003-01-18 Thread Leslie Bai
Rob,

Singapore IDA stands for Info-Comm Development Authority, a government agency
issues telecom operation licenses, e.g. 3G, mobile license.

By its name, any information, communication related BUSINESS (I mean business)
must get IDA license, even another Singapore government authority (SBA -
Singapore Broadcasting Authority) must get IDA license to do the licensed
business.

IDA license is for Business or Facilities, it's not related to the products'
approval.

If you would like to know details of IDA license, how and where to get it,
contact me off-line. I would refer you to Singapore local contacts.

Regards

Leslie



At AM 10:02 01/17/03 +, Rob Humphrey wrote:

I have been advised by the Singapore authorities that I need to get an IDA 
license .

What is it and how do I get one?

Thanks in anticipation

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Re: strange symbols (to me anyway)

2003-01-03 Thread Leslie Bai
Gary, 


The symbol you described is to indicate Indoor or Outdoor use. If the
arrow points outside, it means For outdoor use. If it points inside, it
means For indoor use only. 


This house symbol is not an IEC recognized one but it IS required by some
countries for certain types of products, e.g. China CCC for power supply. 


For details of applicable products and countries, contact me off-line. 


Hope it helps. 


Leslie




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China and Singapore

2002-11-27 Thread Leslie Bai

For the benefits of members of this discussion group, I thought this news might 
be useful to this group.

After over half a years negotiation and bi-monthly high-level meetings, CNCA 
China and SPRING Singapore (formerly Singapore Productivity and Standards 
Board) finally signed the MOU on CCC regulated products.

From Dec 1, 2002, all products under CCC rules can be certified in Singapore 
and sold in China without CCC certification. Vice verse, all CCC marked 
products can be sold in Singapore without PSB certification.

The restriction is the products must be made in either China or Singapore.

This is the first such MOU signed since CCC was implemented in May 2002. 

Hope this helps.

Leslie

www.siemic.com 



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Re: DC Input Power Conducted Emissions

2002-11-25 Thread Leslie Bai

Bob,
EN55022 is applicable to ITE equipment, there is no conducted emissions on DC 
port.
However, EN55022 excludes any equipment (or part of the ITE equipment) which 
has a primary function of radio transmission and/or reception according to the 
ITU Radio Regulations (excerpt from EN55022:1998, Clause 3.1).
For excluded equipement, Conducted emission testing on DC port may be 
required. Here is an example.
For Short Range Device (SRD), EN 301 489-3 both DC and AC ports are required 
Conducted Emissions testing, refer to Clause 7.1 (Emissions) at Page 14 of EN 
301 489-3 (2000-08).
If your PC is just another personal computer mainly for data processing rather 
than data transmission, Conducted emission testing on the DC port is not 
applicable.
Hope this helps.
Leslie
 
 rehel...@mmm.com wrote:
Is it a requirement to measure conducted emissions on a DC input power port
under CISPR 22 or EN55022? The equipment is a PC that runs off a DC power
bus?

Thanks,
Bob Heller
3M Product Safety, 76-1-01
St. Paul, MN 55107-1208
Tel: 651- 778-6336
Fax: 651-778-6252


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RE: When CE doesn't pass

2002-11-22 Thread Leslie Bai

It was about five years ago, I did an EMC job to meet the CE mark requirement 
for a Semiconductor equipment manufacturer by the approach of TCF (Technical 
Construction File). The whole system was real giant and there was no way to 
bring the system to the lab fitting in the chamber.
Many sub-systems were OEM parts and most of them had been CE marked. However, 
during the site testing at customer's premises, a walky-talky made the system 
shut-down.
It was quite straight-forward to find the cause of the failure and that was the 
CE marked UPS system.
When we looked at the detail information of the CE Marked UPS system, it was 
truely CE marked, however the test report shows that this UPS system is a Class 
B device and that manufacturer declared CE compliance at Class B.
Nobody was wrong, but the Semiconductor system must meet Class A environment. 
The advice to the semicondutor equipment manufacturer was to either fix the UPS 
immunity problem or change another UPS system.
So CE marked - what does that mean? It is a manufacturer's self declaration. As 
a result of this when you shop around for CE marked sub-systems or OEM parts, 
make sure that CE mark is what you want.
Regards,
Leslie
 
 



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Re: New Revision of CCC Rules

2002-11-22 Thread Leslie Bai

Following my previous email, I received some inquires about a complete list of 
CCC implementation rules. If you have not heard of the new CCC Mark 
requirements and want to learn more, you can visit http://www.siemic.com click 
the red China Approvals flag, or enter here at 
http://www.siemic.com/ca/ca-index.htm.
Regards,
Leslie
 
 Leslie Bai leslie_...@yahoo.com wrote:
Dear Group,

It's to inform you that China CNCA has revised the CNCA-02C-023 (Rev 2002). The 
old revision published in 2001 is replaced by this new revision with effective 
from Nov.1, 2002.

All manufacturers applying for CCC under this category shall refer to 2002 
version. 

It's also confirmed from our Beijing office that other CNCA publications are 
under revision and will be published soon. 

Hope this information helps this group.

Leslie

 

 

 



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New Revision of CCC Rules

2002-11-22 Thread Leslie Bai

Dear Group,

It's to inform you that China CNCA has revised the CNCA-02C-023 (Rev 2002). The 
old revision published in 2001 is replaced by this new revision with effective 
from Nov.1, 2002.

All manufacturers applying for CCC under this category shall refer to 2002 
version. 

It's also confirmed from our Beijing office that other CNCA publications are 
under revision and will be published soon. 

Hope this information helps this group.

Leslie

 

 

 



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Re: Conducted Line Emissions

2002-11-08 Thread Leslie Bai

Dan,

Ask for the tabular QUASI-PEAK results against CISPR 22 limits from the lab 
if they told you your product failed FCC limits. I guess nobody can tell the 
pass/fail from the plot the lab presented to you.

Leslie

 

Dan Pierce  wrote: 

Greetings:

I am looking for proof that I can use the averaged value for emissions
rather than the peak value. Attached is a chart that I was given by an Asia
test site that told me I failed. According to my past experience, I believe
that the average power is what I should be concerned about. Similar to
radiated emissions right?


Thank you.

Daniel J. Pierce



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Re: CCC mark testlab cetification

2002-11-01 Thread Leslie Bai

Following my previous email below. One of the members of this group asked me a 
very good question which I didn't put it in detail in my email. That's about 
acceptance of CB report.
For EMC, this is no question about it. In-country testing is a must-go and I 
thought it's quite clearly expressed in my email below. CCC doesn't accept any 
EMC reports from any where else apart from their CNCA accredited labs.
For safety, they accept CB report. However if the CB report doesn't include 
China deviations, additional test(s) will be performed in their accredited 
lab(s). If the CB report includes China deviations, they accept it.
Of course, the cost and processing time will be different with and without CB 
report.
Hope this helps.
Leslie
 
 Leslie Bai leslie_...@yahoo.com wrote:
Fred, 
You raised a good point here by answering Chet's questions. Here is the update 
of CNCA accreditation. 
Since CCC was initially anounced to be implemented in May, the whole system was 
actually not ready at that time even the cost of testing and certification were 
not defined until late July. BTW - The first US manufacturer who went through 
CCC factory inspection and certification since CCC was implemented is my 
customer so I know they were not ready when my customer applied for CCC. 
In June, CNCA announced TWO (2) CCC certification bodies accredited to issue 
CCC certification mark and 68 Chinese labs accredited to perform CCC testing 
covering 19 categories of products regulated under CCC. 9 labs located in 
different regions of China are accredited for electrical electronics and IT 
products testing. 
The complete set (47 volumes) of CCC regulations are available for 
manufacturer's reference for a couple of US dollars each volume. If I were you, 
the manufacturer, I would not spend several hundred dollars to buy them from 
other sources. 
For Chinese manufacturers, the closest lab will be assigned for CCC testing. 
For foreign manufacturers, the labs located in Beijing will be assigned for CCC 
testing. (This seems to loose recently and foreign manufacturer now can name a 
prefered lab to perform CCC testing if sufficient reasons being raised. One of 
my customers did this recently as two labs in Beijing have different views on 
the issue of whether the power adapter provided by other manufacturer shall be 
included in the certification of their products and we finally achieved a 
perfect agreement with one of the Certification body for the best interest of 
this customer, this, I thought, is the value of using a qualified agent). 
There is no other agency accredited to issue CCC mark other than 2 accredited 
Chinese agencies both located in Beijing. 
There is no so-called registered agent to perform CCC certification either 
issueing CCC mark or perform CCC testing. 
There is no foreign labs accredited by CNCA to perform CCC testing other than 
68 accredited labs in China. 
All application must be made to 2 accredited CCC certification bodies and 
tested by one of 68 labs in China, either directly by the manufacturers or 
through an agent. 
However, the value of employing an agent, I believe, is to efficiently 
communicate with both certification body and test lab to facilitate the 
process, define the testing scope, and trouble-shooting with Chinese Engineers 
if unpleasant failure occurs. So such agent should have both Estern and Western 
backgrounds, understand  Chinese culture, speak their language, and with sound 
Compliance Engineering knowledge. 
Please also note that MII Type approval is different. MII and CNCA are not in 
the same boat. MII has its own regulations and accredited labs. For foreign 
manufacturers, MII test lab can assign Engineers to the customer site to 
perform testing and issue MII accredited report for MII type approval - (BWT: 
We have done this for our customers before and it's is extremely helpful and 
benefitial to foreign manuacturers consdiering the transporation cost of big 
telecom racks shipped to China!, It could be OK if US Western coast ports are 
running smoothly). 
Should anyone like to understand more of China approvals, feel free to contact 
me off-line. 
Hope this helps. 
Leslie 
 
 Fred Borda fbo...@typeapproval.com wrote: 
Hi Chet,

The set of documents published by CNCA, the authority that administers the 
CCC mark scheme in China, is available in English at:

http://www.typeapproval.com/cn/emc.html

The document labeled Regulations for CPCS.pdf is the overall regulations 
guiding the regime. It addresses type testing. While I don't believe it 
specifically says that testing performed outside China is not accepted, a 
lot is determined at the implementation level. Testing must be performed at 
CNCA accredited laboratories. I don't know of any such accredited labs 
outside China. I know that several US manufacturers had sought to have 
their own labs accredited at one point, but the last I heard was that these 
applications have all been in limbo for a very long time

Re: CCC mark testlab cetification

2002-10-31 Thread Leslie Bai

Fred,
You raised a good point here by answering Chet's questions. Here is the update 
of CNCA accreditation.
Since CCC was initially anounced to be implemented in May, the whole system was 
actually not ready at that time even the cost of testing and certification were 
not defined until late July. BTW - The first US manufacturer who went through 
CCC factory inspection and certification since CCC was implemented is my 
customer so I know they were not ready when my customer applied for CCC.
In June, CNCA announced TWO (2) CCC certification bodies accredited to issue 
CCC certification mark and 68 Chinese labs accredited to perform CCC testing 
covering 19 categories of products regulated under CCC. 9 labs located in 
different regions of China are accredited for electrical electronics and IT 
products testing.
The complete set (47 volumes) of CCC regulations are available for 
manufacturer's reference for a couple of US dollars each volume. If I were you, 
the manufacturer, I would not spend several hundred dollars to buy them from 
other sources.
For Chinese manufacturers, the closest lab will be assigned for CCC testing. 
For foreign manufacturers, the labs located in Beijing will be assigned for CCC 
testing. (This seems to loose recently and foreign manufacturer now can name a 
prefered lab to perform CCC testing if sufficient reasons being raised. One of 
my customers did this recently as two labs in Beijing have different views on 
the issue of whether the power adapter provided by other manufacturer shall be 
included in the certification of their products and we finally achieved a 
perfect agreement with one of the Certification body for the best interest of 
this customer, this, I thought, is the value of using a qualified agent). 
There is no other agency accredited to issue CCC mark other than 2 accredited 
Chinese agencies both located in Beijing.
There is no so-called registered agent to perform CCC certification either 
issueing CCC mark or perform CCC testing.
There is no foreign labs accredited by CNCA to perform CCC testing other than 
68 accredited labs in China.
All application must be made to 2 accredited CCC certification bodies and 
tested by one of 68 labs in China, either directly by the manufacturers or 
through an agent. 
However, the value of employing an agent, I believe, is to efficiently 
communicate with both certification body and test lab to facilitate the 
process, define the testing scope, and trouble-shooting with Chinese Engineers 
if unpleasant failure occurs. So such agent should have both Estern and Western 
backgrounds, understand  Chinese culture, speak their language, and with sound 
Compliance Engineering knowledge.
Please also note that MII Type approval is different. MII and CNCA are not in 
the same boat. MII has its own regulations and accredited labs. For foreign 
manufacturers, MII test lab can assign Engineers to the customer site to 
perform testing and issue MII accredited report for MII type approval - (BWT: 
We have done this for our customers before and it's is extremely helpful and 
benefitial to foreign manuacturers consdiering the transporation cost of big 
telecom racks shipped to China!, It could be OK if US Western coast ports are 
running smoothly).
Should anyone like to understand more of China approvals, feel free to contact 
me off-line.
Hope this helps.
Leslie
 
 Fred Borda fbo...@typeapproval.com wrote:
Hi Chet,

The set of documents published by CNCA, the authority that administers the 
CCC mark scheme in China, is available in English at:

http://www.typeapproval.com/cn/emc.html

The document labeled Regulations for CPCS.pdf is the overall regulations 
guiding the regime. It addresses type testing. While I don't believe it 
specifically says that testing performed outside China is not accepted, a 
lot is determined at the implementation level. Testing must be performed at 
CNCA accredited laboratories. I don't know of any such accredited labs 
outside China. I know that several US manufacturers had sought to have 
their own labs accredited at one point, but the last I heard was that these 
applications have all been in limbo for a very long time. As a practical 
matter, the testing must be conducted in China.

As for laboratories becoming accepted agents, if by that you mean 
accreditation to have their test reports accepted by certification bodies 
in China, this is the procedure mentioned above that some labs have tried. 
I'm eager to hear from any list members about progress they may have made 
in this accreditation process. If by accepted agent you mean a foreign lab 
to become a certification body to issue the CCC mark, I think we may not 
see this for some time to come.

Has anyone else seen further movement on this front?

-Fred Borda
Compliance International
www.typeapproval.com


At AM 11:01 10/31/02 -0800, Summers, Chet wrote:

Hello Listmembers. I am researching the procedures needed to obtain the CCC
mark for shipment of 

Re: CCC mark testlab cetification

2002-10-31 Thread Leslie Bai

Hi Chet, 
To get an overview of CCC regulations, download this file: 
http://www.siemic.com/Original%20files/CCC%20mark.pdf 
I just want to remind you that some other regulation may be applicable to your 
products in addition to CCC, particularly, the MPS regulations on security 
products. For a general review of Chinese regulations, pls take a look at the 
attached document (CHINA.pdf). 
For those who are not interested in this topic, please ignore the attachment 
although I thought it could be interesting to you. 
For more detail information and procedures of China approvals, pls contact me 
off-line. 
Thanks, 
Leslie 
 
 
 Summers, Chet csumm...@pelco.com wrote: 
Hello Listmembers. I am researching the procedures needed to obtain the CCC
mark for shipment of CCTV equipment into China and need some guidance from
those experienced in the process. 

First, which Chinese document explicitly mandates type testing within China?
I have read from various sourches that any testing not performed within the
country is completely unacceptable. Where can I review the Chinese
Government's official stand on type testing, for EMC and product safety?

Lastly, I am looking for procedures necessary for a Regulatory Compliance
Lab to become an accepted agent within China. 


Any experiences with this process that you are willing to share will be
appreciated. 




Chet Summers
Compliance Engineer
Pelco
tel 1-559-292-1981 X2822
fax 1-559-294-2697

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CHINA.pdf
Description: CHINA.pdf


Re: Frequency Allocations for EU Countries

2002-10-22 Thread Leslie Bai

Scott,
Here is the link to get a copy of ERC Report 25 (EU Frequency Allocation):
 www.ero.dk/EROWEB/FM/ECA-Lisboa-2002.pdf
It is not a nice color chart but has everything you need (from 9kHz to 275GHz).
Hope it helps.
Leslie
 
 
All,

I have a question regarding frequency allocations for the European Union
countries.

Is anyone on this list aware of a source for the allocation of the RF
spectrum in the EU?
I'm looking for something similar to the following Domestic chart:

http://www.ntia.doc.gov/osmhome/allochrt.pdf

But for EU instead...

Any help would be greatly appreciated.

Thank you.

Best Regards,

Scott Mee
Johnson Controls Inc.
Automotive Systems Group
EMC Product Compliance

616.394.2565
scott@jci.com


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Re: Effects of the Ground Plane

2002-10-18 Thread Leslie Bai

Tony,
To answer your questions:


1)?Am I correct that the GRP reflectivity can add to the signal strength??If 
so, by what amount is typical?

Yes, it will add roughly 6dB depending on interested frequency, etc.

2)?How can I prove to my client that this is so?  3)?What documentation exists 
that explains this?

Search IEEE EMC Symposium records, I remember there were some discussions about 
it years ago, probably 1996 or 1997 Symposium??? either Austin or Denver, can't 
recall

4)?Or is my client correct and I have some unexplained problem?

Pls remember the declared antenna gain could be antenna manufacturer's 
declaration which may be the standalone performance of the antenna thus may not 
consider the customized application of the equipment you are testing. Any 
installation may change the antenna pattern and affect the effective gain, 
either way is possible. That's why product manufacturers shall make antenna 
pattern analysis based on its customized installation, rather than purely 
relying on the antenna manufacturer's declaration of the antenna performance.

Hope this helps,

Leslie

 



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Re: Performance Criteria A

2002-10-16 Thread Leslie Bai

Richard,
I am not sure if you have noticed the difference of performance criteria 
defined in the earlier version of ESTI EMC standard ETS 300 385 and current EN 
301 489 series standards.
In ETS 300 385 - Criteria A is clearly defined, for radio transceivers - No BER 
is allowed, e.g. zero tolorence. This means the performance is defined (not 
willingfully by manufacturer) and limited to be BER and degradation of BER is 
not allowed. Obviously manufacturers had no choice but to follow.
In EN 301 489 series std, the definition changed. Manufactures can define own 
performance and its reasonable performance level, no degradation of performance 
means no worse than defined performance level. Example of taking BER as the 
performance, but percentage of BER is allowed as long as it is reasonable and 
more importantly acceptable by their customers, obviously if the bar is set too 
low, their customers may not buy it. 
Hope this helps.
Leslie
 
 
 richwo...@tycoint.com wrote:
Most of the CENELEC immunity standards specify performance criteria A as
follows:

The equipment shall continue to operate as intended without operator
intervention. No degradation of performance or loss of function is allowed
below a performance level specified by the manufacturer when the equipment
is used as intended. The performance level may be replaced by a permissible
loss of performance. If the minimum performance level or the permissible
performance loss is not specified by the manufacturer, then either of these
may be derived from the product description and documents, and by what the
user may reasonably expect from the equipment if used as intended.

However, ETS 300 683 and ETSI EN 301489-1 and -3 (and I presume the other
parts) read less clearly as Operate as intended and No loss of function.

Can one presume that CENELEC's more well defined wording of Criteria A can
be applied to the ETSI standards? Specifically, can the manufacturer
specify a degradation of performance or loss of function as long as the
degraded performance is not less than what the user may reasonably expect
from the equipment if used as intended.


Richard Woods
Sensormatic Electronics
Tyco International




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RE: Dwell time for Immunity under EN55024?

2002-10-04 Thread Leslie Bai

Dear Gert,
Thanks for trying to answer my questions - I thought your comments are so 
misleading, at least I would have been fooled if I were not in the profession 
of regulatory compliance. 
I thought manufacturers have already taken too much trying to understand what 
are the routes to comply. 
Obviously - if the harmonized standards are available, simply following the 
standards would be sufficient to declare conformity, I believe that's why the 
standards are there in the first place. Why should we ask manufacturers to 
comply with essential requirements instead of following what standard says.

TCF is only for certain conditions either when there is no harmonized standard 
available or the standard testing is not feasible to the EUT, etc. even though 
during TCF assessment, standard procedures should be followed as much as 
possible. 

If your comments were not misleading, I thought we should replace all test 
standards with test guidelines so that we could be exploring as much 
value-added essential requirements as possible and fully instilling our 
spirit of immunity testing. As test labs, we must be laughing as we are 
charging by time, and our manufacturers would never get out of debts.

I would like to stop here, no more discussions on this, and you know time is 
money, once again we are charging you, dear manufacturers, by time……

Leslie 

I declare I am running a lab in California and partially own one lab in China.
 
 
 
 Gert Gremmen wrote:Hi Leslie, some answers: Is this called compliance testing 
or engineering verification?Anything that has to do with product quality (like 
EMI) needs to be addressed in termsof engineering.  
Can we do this and declare compliance?
Sure you can declare compliance, as the European System is simply not targeted 
to complying with standards,but to complying with essential requirements. Of 
course you cannot declare compliance withthe standard (to the letter). Using 
standards is just a way to presumption of compliance. Art 10.1 EMCDIf you 
really DO deviate from the standard , you will needto follow the TCF route 
using a Competent Body to show  compliance. Art 10.2 EMCD Any deviation of the 
standard is doomed to art 10.2 , but changing an undefined dwelltime to better 
meet the intention of the standard won't lead to a law suite. Several product 
type of standards do address  the topic of dwell time btw. One never can get 
condamned by not following the prescriptions of the EMCD or standard, onlyby 
creating to much EMI or lacking susceptability (and other essential 
phenomenae). Gert Gremmence-test-Original Message-
From: Leslie Bai [mailto:leslie_...@yahoo.com]
Sent: donderdag 3 oktober 2002 21:37
To: Gert Gremmen; paul_sc...@mitel.com; emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org
Subject: RE: Dwell time for Immunity under EN55024?


 Gert Gremmen wrote: 
...
prescan with Increase frequency step size ! (watch out for resonances)
Modify equipment to decrease fault response time (low pass filters ;
software )
Build Specifc test features
Write specific test software
.


I am wondering whoelse out there doing these - Is that not sufficient to 
demonstrate conformity by follwoing standard procedures? What specific test 
features, what specific test software, are they specifed in the standards? Is 
this called compliance testing or engineering verification?


Of course you will be violating the standard;

Can we do this and declare compliance?

Leslie Bai

NARTE Certified Engineer

(EMC-002112-NE)

www.siemic.com

 



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RE: Dwell time for Immunity under EN55024?

2002-10-03 Thread Leslie Bai

 Gert Gremmen wrote:
...
prescan with Increase frequency step size ! (watch out for resonances)
Modify equipment to decrease fault response time (low pass filters ;
software )
Build Specifc test features
Write specific test software
.


I am wondering whoelse out there doing these - Is that not sufficient to 
demonstrate conformity by follwoing standard procedures? What specific test 
features, what specific test software, are they specifed in the standards? Is 
this called compliance testing or engineering verification?


Of course you will be violating the standard;

Can we do this and declare compliance?

Leslie Bai

NARTE Certified Engineer

(EMC-002112-NE)

www.siemic.com

 



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Re: China Switch Approval

2002-09-30 Thread Leslie Bai

John,
Recently, one of our happy clients became the first US manufacturer (networking 
unit) who successfully went through CCC audit and obtained CCC within 3 weeks 
(in fact 12 working days) including product testing and factory inspection with 
the assistance from Siemic Labs - (Application was made on 9/5, Testing started 
on 9/9, Factory inspected on 9/16, and CCC approved on 9/20). Reference is 
available upon request.
For more information about China approvals (CCC, NAL/NAI, MPS), visit us at: 
http://www.siemic.com
We were also contracted by another Network Switching manufacturer for China MII 
approval early this year and thought my direct experience would be helpful. Pls 
feel free to contact me off-line for a detail discussion. 

As part of services, we also help to arrange direct dialogue with government 
officers (MII, CNCA, MPS) for our clients whenever necessary for the most 
cost-effective approach to get China approvals at the earliest opportunity.

Regards,

Leslie

 

 

 John Smith wrote:
I am new to the group. 

I am consulting with a company that is making a CO
switch. They are planning to market the product in
China. As I understand the process, I have to get MII
and CNCA approvals. Is there anything else that I need
to do for China?

About how long does it take to get these approvals?

Thank You,
J. Smith


=
Best Regards,
John Smith
Regulatory Consulting

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Re: Taiwan and China approvals?

2002-08-26 Thread Leslie Bai

Patrick,
I just came back from China with several China Approvals/Licenses/Certificates 
for our clients. Hope this reply is not too late. To have a rough idea of what 
approvals are currently required to access China market, including CCC, 
NAL/NAI, Type Approval, and Sales Permit, visit 
http://www.siemic.com/china-approvals.htm 
Should you have any questions, feel free to contact me off-line.
Thanks
Leslie
 
 pfitzgib...@attbi.com wrote:
Greetings everybody!

My boss just asked me what the procedure and timeframe 
for getting into Korea and China was. (Imagine my 
distress ;-). For optical networking type products (no 
TNV ports) where all of our Safety, NEBS and EU (386, 
019, 753, etc...) tesing is complete, does anyone know 
what to submit (and to whom) and how long this might 
take for China or Korea? 

more background - Luckily our CB report is from a Korea 
certified lab, but our emissions and immunity were from 
non-global (but EU CAB  NRTL status) labs that don't 
have Korean authorization.

I've also done some looking into the new China CCC 
procedure. We're not specifically addressed in the 
catalogue. Does this mean we can just import our system?

Any help on any of these points would be greatly 
appreciated!

Thanks in advance,
Patrick Fitzgibbon

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RE: China approvals - CCC

2002-07-13 Thread Leslie Bai

Scott,
Go to www.siemic.com , click ccc to download a 10-page complete introduction 
of CCC mark.
Leslie
 
  Scott Douglas dougl...@naradnetworks.com wrote: 
Can anyone provide web links to look at these catalogues? I am interested to 
see if our products are on the list.

Thanks,

Scott


At 08:02 AM 7/12/02 -0700, Joshua Wiseman wrote:

Amund, 

I think you should also take a look at the old CCIB scheme.  The CCC is still 
developing standards at this time.  I believe it is safe to say that if your 
product was in the catalog for CCIB it will be for CCC as well.  I also 
understand that CCC will cover more products than CCIB did as well.  If nothing 
else keep your ear to the door you may find yourself working toward CCC 
approval in the future.

Good Luck, 
Josh 

Josh Wiseman 
EMC/Product Safety 
(714) 368-2737 
[mailto:jwise...@printronix.com] 

-Original Message- 
From: am...@westin-emission.no [mailto:am...@westin-emission.no] 
Sent: Friday, July 12, 2002 1:39 AM 
To: Emc-Pstc Group (E-mail) 
Subject: China approvals - CCC 


Hi all, 

Rules and Procedures for Compulsory Product Certification were implemented 
on May 1, 2002. The certification mark is referred to as China Compulsory 
Certification (CCC). The first Catalogue of Products Subject to Compulsory 
Certification is now released. 

Question: 
If my product is not listed in the catalogue, does it mean what I do not 
have to document compliance to the EMC or electrical safety requirements ? 
no need for Chinese certification ? 

I have be told so via competent sources. I would like to check the 
discussion form for other views. 

Best regards 
Amund Westin, Oslo/Norway 


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Re: China approvals - CCC

2002-07-12 Thread Leslie Bai

In fact, the CCC mark was delayed to be implemented on July 1, 2002, 
accoordingly, the one-year transition period will end on July 1, 2003.
If your product is under old system, be careful to say it is not covered under 
CCC, because the CCC product list may not be clear enough however, it does 
indicate that others... in some categories.
In addition,  even CCC isn't applicable to your product, it doesn't always mean 
you do not have to document compliance for EMC or safety. Your product may be 
under other regulations, e.g. NAL/NAI. Sometimes, they do need documentation of 
EMC compliance when you submit such applications.
The best bet is to have a good communication with authorities before exporting 
your product.
Leslie
 
  am...@westin-emission.no wrote: 
Hi all,

Rules and Procedures for Compulsory Product Certification were implemented
on May 1, 2002. The certification mark is referred to as “China Compulsory
Certification (CCC)”. The first Catalogue of Products Subject to Compulsory
Certification is now released.

Question:
If my product is not listed in the catalogue, does it mean what I do not
have to document compliance to the EMC or electrical safety requirements ?
no need for Chinese certification ?

I have be told so via competent sources. I would like to check the
discussion form for other views.

Best regards
Amund Westin, Oslo/Norway



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Semi S2 expertise in the Bay Area

2002-06-21 Thread Leslie Bai

Hello Safety Guru,
I need a product safety expert (particularly Semi S2) to work together with me 
on a project. Does anyone know any S2 guru in the Bay Area? Please NO 
organization or consulting firm or test lab is needed, rather than an 
individual consultant with strong semiconductor S2 experience. Please contact 
me for the project details off-line. Sorry, only Bay Area consulant is 
considered due to the nature of the project.
Thanks
Leslie



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Re: Network Camera and EMC?

2002-06-18 Thread Leslie Bai

 John, 
I forgot to mention that I assumed your camera is for professional, process 
control, or educational use.
Leslie
 
  Leslie Bai leslie_...@yahoo.com wrote: 
John, 
For US, FCC Part 15B, for Europe, EN61326. 
Watch out the emissions, if you havn't done anything on the direct connection 
to 10/100BaseT. I would strongly suggest you make a pre-compliance measurement 
with sufficient confidence level before going to an accredited lab. I recently 
helped two companies resolved their EMI problems, both have connections to 
10/100BaseT. Different devices but end up with the same EMC design issue. If 
you do have problem to pass the specification, contact me off line. 
Good luck, 
Leslie 
 
  John Coyle jco...@silent-witness.com wrote: 
Hello,

I am developing a network camera that will connect directly to a 10/100
BaseT network.

I intend to sell in both US and Europe.

Which standards apply for regulatory approval?
My particular concern is EMC.

All comments would be appreciated.

Thanks

John Coyle
Senior Engineer,
Silent Witness.
Tel: 604-574-1526 Ext 8633
Email: jco...@silent-witness.com


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Re: Network Camera and EMC?

2002-06-18 Thread Leslie Bai

John, 
For US, FCC Part 15B, for Europe, EN61326.
Watch out the emissions, if you havn't done anything on the direct connection 
to 10/100BaseT. I would strongly suggest you make a pre-compliance measurement 
with sufficient confidence level before going to an accredited lab. I recently 
helped two companies resolved their EMI problems, both have connections to 
10/100BaseT. Different devices but end up with the same EMC design issue. If 
you do have problem to pass the specification, contact me off line.
Good luck,
Leslie
 
  John Coyle jco...@silent-witness.com wrote: 
Hello,

I am developing a network camera that will connect directly to a 10/100
BaseT network.

I intend to sell in both US and Europe.

Which standards apply for regulatory approval?
My particular concern is EMC.

All comments would be appreciated.

Thanks

John Coyle
Senior Engineer,
Silent Witness.
Tel: 604-574-1526 Ext 8633
Email: jco...@silent-witness.com


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Re: Northeast Product Safety Society Meeting on Wednesday, June 26

2002-06-14 Thread Leslie Bai

Matt, 
It sounds Doug's presentation would be quite interesting, unfortunately I am in 
the Bay Area and won't be able to attend the meeting. Will that be possible to 
share Doug's presentation after the meeting. 
Thanks 
Leslie



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Re: EMC requirements

2002-05-22 Thread Leslie Bai

 Cecil,
What products are you marketing in those countries?
If someone told you that there is no EMC requirement in those countries, that 
could be dangerous simply because they do have for certain types of products. 
Are you seriously looking for answers from this group? Without specific 
products, any answer to the route to compliance could be wrong.
Leslie
 
  cecil.gitt...@kodak.com wrote: 

Hi All,
Does any one know what the EMC requirements are for the countries
listed below.

Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
Vietnam
Bangladesh
Sri Lanka
Myanmar


Thanks

Cecil



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Re: FCC Contact

2002-04-24 Thread Leslie Bai

 For MRAs, contact Art Wall (located at D.C.) at (202)-418-2442.
For OET services, contact Richard Fabina at (301)-362-3021.
For EMC (eg. Pt15, etc.), contact Tom Phillips at (301) - 362 - 3044.
For Radio Approval (eg.Pt 101, etc.), contact Frank Coperich at 301-362-3023.
I have found they are extremely helpful on above-mentioned matters respectively 
from my past several years experience dealing with FCC.
Leslie
 
  rehel...@mmm.com wrote: 
Can anyone provide me with phone and/or name contacts for FCC rules
interpretation (Parts 15, 18, and 68)?

Bob Heller
3M Product Safety, 76-1-01
St. Paul, MN 55107-1208
Tel: 651- 778-6336
Fax: 651-778-6252


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Re: Modem Approval for China

2002-03-07 Thread Leslie Bai

 Russell,
It's waste of time, effort, and money dealing with CQCC to get China approval 
on your Modem, Actually, CQCC is NOT the right authority to approve your Modem.
Get in touch with me off line if you want to get your Modem approved in 30 days.
Leslie
 
  Russell r@totalise.co.uk wrote: 
Can anybody advise on the best (or any!) route to approval for a UK 
manufactured modem for export to, and for sale in China (not Hong Kong). The 
modem in question already has European, North American and Australian 
approvals.

I'm reasonably familiar with the requirements, it's the process that's proving 
difficult to establish, along with pinning down the *costs* and *timescales*. 
Correspondence to the China Quality Certification Centre for Import and Export 
(www.cqc.com.cn) has gone unanswered, though one can apply for submission 
on-line.

I'd be interested in both least cost and least time options, and hearing from 
agencies or consultancies (preferably UK based) able to provide a turn-key 
service.

Having the modem manufactured in China *may* be an option, though the volumes 
aren't huge.

Thanks in anticipation.

Russell.


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Re: FW: ERO Newsflash No 30

2002-02-14 Thread Leslie Bai

Rich and all interested members:
I am wondering why EN 301 893 (BRAN HIPERLAN TYPE 2, Harmonized EN covering 
essential requirements of article 3.2 of the RTTE Directive) was not listed as 
specific standards (REC 70-03, Page 11), and only ETS 300 836-1 (HIPERLAN TYPE 
1) was there.
Also, on Page 34, Annex 3: LAN, RLAN and HIPERLAN, Frequency band b 
(5150-5350MHz) should be covered by EN 301 893, not ETS 300 836 which covers 
5150-5300MHz, HIPERLAN TYPE 1.
I thought, EN 301 893 should be included as a specific standards listed on Page 
11, and also as a Harmonized stanadard listed on Page 34 (Annex 3) to cover 
frequency band b.
What do you think?
Leslie
 
  richwo...@tycoint.com wrote: 


-Original Message-
From: Pia Hammer Bloch [mailto:bl...@ero.dk]
Sent: Thursday, February 14, 2002 9:07 AM
To: ERO-NEWS
Subject: ERO Newsflash No 30


ERO NEWSFLASH No 30
14 February 2002
--
Recommendation 70-03 updated

The Short Range Device Recommendation 70-03 has been updated with new
regulations and a 
new format. Changes have been agreed to several of its annexes, including
Annex 1 on duty 
cycle in 433 MHz, Annex 10 on Radio microphone and Annex 13 on Wireless
Audio 
application. A new Annex 11 on RFID has been added.

The document is available for downloading at
http://www.ero.dk/doc98/Official/Pdf/Rec7003e.pdf. 

Regards
ERO
.



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Re: My subscription may have terminated

2002-02-13 Thread Leslie Bai

 There must be lots of Chinese in this community, Happy Chinese New Year - Kong 
Shi Fat Choy!
Leslie
  Rich Nute ri...@sdd.hp.com wrote: 



Hi Dan:


 I have received no emails today. Did my subscription cease?

No, your emc-pstc subscription is not terminated.

Today is the most unusual day in the history of
emc-pstc in that there were no postings to the 
listserver between 5:30 PM PST Tuesday and 11 AM 
PST Wednesday.

I, too, was a bit alarmed that the server might
be down or there was some other problem. We 
checked, and everything is in working order. We've 
simply had no postings.

Today, up to the time of your message, there was 
only one topic posted to the listserver.


Best regards,
Rich
Administrator, emc-pstc listserver




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Re: RTTE Notification Forms

2002-02-01 Thread Leslie Bai

 Rich,
What we have been doing for these two countries was writing to them to request 
for Notifocation Form. I know it's annoying but if you have found a better way, 
please let me know.
For Greece, write to: Mrs. Mathiou, National Telecom  Post Commission, 60 
Kifissias Avenue, 151 25 Maroussi, Athens, Greece, Tel: 301 0610 5040, Fax: 301 
0610 5049.
For Portugal, write to: Sr.Manuel Barros, ICP-D.E.N., Instituto das 
Communicacoes de Portugal, Av.Jose Malhoa 12, 1099-017 Lisboa, Portugal, Tel: 
351-217212302, Fax: 351-217211001.
Good luck,
Leslie
 
  richwo...@tycoint.com wrote: 
Can someone provide me with the RTTE Notification forms for Portugal and
Greece or point me a web site where they can be found?

Richard Woods
Sensormatic Electronics
Tyco International


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RE: China authority for Radio equipment

2002-01-09 Thread Leslie Bai

Rich,

Thanks for quoting my last years' communication about
radio approval in China.

With the entry to WTO, China has been starting
streamlining its approval and certification process,
such as recently announced new CCC Mark for safety
(annouced on Dec 3, 2001, and will take effective from
May 1, 2002). Radio approval is another new regime
under implementation as well, details has yet been
released as far as I know.

Leslie

P/S: Under old scheme, both in-country testing and
in-country representative is required. The cost and
turn-around time of approval can be a nightmare.



--- richwo...@tycoint.com wrote:
 Here is something from my archive that was posted
 last year
 
 -Original Message-
 
 From: Leslie Bai [mailto:leslie_...@yahoo.com]
 
 Sent: Wednesday, May 16, 2001 2:46 PM
 
 To: wo...@sensormatic.com;
 emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org
 
 Subject: Re: Chinese Transmitter Approval
 
  
 
 Richard,
 
 We have been dealing with Chinese authority for
 radio
 
 type approval in the past a few years. They requires
 
 that radios being imported into the country go
 through
 
 authorized representative located in their country.
 As
 
 part of approval process, manufacturer need provide
 a
 
 letter stating who their authorized representative
 is
 
 to the Ministry of Information Industry (previously
 
 Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications). 
 
 The importer need to provide at least 2 samples for
 
 audit testing at National Radio Audit Testing Labs
 
 located in various cities (Baijing, Xi'an, Shanghai,
 
 etc.) in the country. Parameters to be tested are
 
 frequency stability, output power, spectrum mask,
 
 occupied bandwidth, spurious emissions, co-channel
 and
 
 adjecent-channel ineterferences, etc...
 
 The interesting thing is that the sampling must
 follow
 
 their procedures defined in GB10111 (in Chinese
 only).
 
 GB 2828 specifies S-2 program to examine samples
 batch
 
 by batch and GB 2829 Level 1 sampling program
 
 specifies environment examinations.
 
 I have not actually experiened short-ranged low
 power
 
 radio type approval, such as Bluetooth devices, but
 as
 
 far as I am aware, the importer is required to file
 a
 
 copy of the FCC (Part 15.247), Canadian (RSS-210) ,
 or
 
 ETSI (300 328) test report. Also a minimum of three
 to
 
 five samples is required for audit testing. 
 
 Anyone else wants to input their experience on
 
 Bluetooth approval in China?
 
 Leslie
 
  
 
  
 
 --- wo...@sensormatic.com wrote:
 
  
 
  Has anyone received a radio type approval in
 China?
 
  How did you go about the
 
  process? I am particularly interested in short
 range
 
  (low power) device type
 
  approval.
 
  
 
  Richard Woods
 
  
 
  ---
 
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 -Original Message-
 From: Darren Pearson [mailto:dar...@genesysibs.com]
 Sent: Wednesday, January 09, 2002 11:56 AM
 To: emc-p...@ieee.org
 Subject: China authority for Radio equipment
 
 
 Hi every one, 
  
 I am currently trying to get a radio device approved
 in China, 
  
 Can any one tell me who the authority is in China, 
 or help with a contact e
 mail, Fax or Phone No ?
  
  
 
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Re: New China Compulsory Certification

2001-12-22 Thread Leslie Bai

As officially announced on December 7th, 2001, CCC mark will take effective 
from May 1st 2002, replacing current CCIB (Safety) mark and CCEE (Great Wall) 
mark.
I am currently in touch with relevant Chinese authorities for details.
Leslie
 
  cecil.gitt...@kodak.com wrote: 
From: Cecil A. Gittens

Does anyone have information about products that will required EMC
certification to meet the new
China Compulsory Certification system.
It was mentioned that they will host meetings in the future to introduce
this new system.


Regards

Cecil


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IPC TM-650

2001-12-10 Thread Leslie Bai

Is there anybody in this group who knows what is IPC
TM-650? Where can we get a copy of this Test Method (I
thought TM stands for Test Method)?

Thanks,
Leslie

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Re: 2.4GHz wireless headphone system

2001-11-16 Thread Leslie Bai

Noop,

2.4GHz falls within EN 300 440 (1GHz-40GHz),
EN 300 220 covers frequencies from 25MHz-1GHz, and
EN 300 330 covers 9kHz to 25MHz.

Has anyone realized that some of the meaurement of EN
300 330 is extremely in-practical?

Leslie


--- Jacob Schanker schan...@frontiernet.net wrote:
 
 Dear KC Chan:
 
 For the RF standards, take a look at ETSI EN 300 330
 on
 Short-range devices (SRD). This is available from
 www.etsi.org.
 
 Also look at ERC Recommendation 70-03 obtainable
 from www.ero.dk.
 
 These should get you started.
 
 Jacob Z. Schanker, P.E.
 65 Crandon Way
 Rochester, NY 14618
 Phone: 716 442 3909
 Fax: 716 442 2182
 j.schan...@ieee.org
 
 
 - Original Message -
 From: KC CHAN [PDD] kcc...@hkpc.org
 To: emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org
 Sent: Thursday, November 15, 2001 7:53 PM
 Subject: 2.4GHz wireless headphone system
 
 
 |
 | Dear All
 |
 | My client is looking for the standards of a 2.4GHz
 wireless
 headphone system(not a SS product) for EU country. 
 Would like to
 know what is the appropriate EMC and RF standards
 under EMC
 directive and RTTE directive.
 |
 | Thank You
 | KC Chan - PDD
 |
 |
 |
 | ---
 | This message is from the IEEE EMC Society Product
 Safety
 | Technical Committee emc-pstc discussion list.
 |
 | Visit our web site at: 
 http://www.ewh.ieee.org/soc/emcs/pstc/
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NVLAP vs A2LA

2001-10-30 Thread Leslie Bai

Members,

Our lab is under UKAS accreditation and actually for
the last 3 years. For some reason, I would like to
look into either NVLAP or A2LA as our second
accreditor.

I would like to know pros  cons between NVLAP  A2LA
accreditation from a test lab's point of view. I know
they are both signatures of ILAC and should have the
same status, what I need to know are in specific:

1. Cost involved in accreditation
2. Customer may think which one is more prestigious
3. Process complications (assume both with ISO 17025)
4. Time frame from application to completion (assume
at the same readiness level).
and the last but not the least, which one you prefer
to choose and why.

This is NOT a survey, neither an on-line discussion,
but the actual decision I need to make shortly. 
I appreciate your comments off-line. Please be rest
assured all of your valuable comments would be kept
confidential.

Thank you,
Leslie


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Re: Marine Equipment

2001-10-02 Thread Leslie Bai

Hormonized EMC standards for maritime equipment are:
EN 300 828 for maritime mobile services and
EN 300 829 for maritime earth stations.

Leslie

--- noisel...@aol.com wrote:
 Hi Bob:
 
 In general, your statement: 
 
 It is my understanding that marine equipment is
 exempt from the EMC
 Directive and from FCC regulations.
 
 is not true.
 
 We have had clients that were concerned with:
 
 IEC 945 (I did not check for harmonized EN)
 Maritime navigation and 
 radiocommunication equipment and systems 
 
 We also had a case where Lloyds of London required
 our client to show 
 compliance with a proprietary marine EMC standard
 for an on-board measurement 
 device- I took a quick look but apparently we have
 that standard archived 
 where I can't find it quickly.
 
 Hope this limited info helps...
 
 
 Lee Hill
 Founding Partner
 Silent Solutions LLC
 EMC Consulting and Training
 10 Northern Blvd., Suite 1
 Northwood Executive Park
 Amherst, NH 03031
 (603) 578-1842 x203 (V) 
 (603) 578-1843 (F)
 lh...@silent-solutions.com
 www.silent-solutions.com
 
 
 
 In a message dated 10/2/2001 10:09:30 AM Eastern
 Daylight Time, 
 rehel...@mmm.com writes:
 
 
  Subj: Marine Equipment
  Date: 10/2/2001 10:09:30 AM Eastern Daylight Time
  From:rehel...@mmm.com
  Sender:owner-emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org
  Reply-to:rehel...@mmm.com
  To:emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org
  
  
  
  
  
  It is my understanding that marine equipment is
 exempt from the EMC
  Directive and from FCC regulations.
  
  Can anyone tell me what standards would cover a
 battery operated lighting
  system running at 100 VAC,
  1500 Hz for both Europe and the U.S.?
  
  Thanks,
  Bob Heller
  3M Product Safety, 76-1-01
  St. Paul, MN 55107-1208
  Tel:  651- 778-6336
  Fax:  
 
 
 
 


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Re: ETSI EN 300 330-X

2001-09-14 Thread Leslie Bai


Bob,

Similar situation applies to EN 300 440
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Short range devices; Radio equipment to
be used in the 1 GHz to 40 GHz frequency range. 440-2
is harmonized but reference to 440-1 which is not
harmonized.

What I did for my customers was always present a copy
of Compliance Strategy to Notified Body and always
got a green light so far.

I am not sure if I had to do so but it worked very
well.

Leslie


--- rehel...@mmm.com wrote:
 
 ETSI EN 300 330-2, Electromagnetic compatibility
 and Radio spectrum
 Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio
 equipment in the frequency
 9 kHz to 25 MHz and inductive loop systems in the
 frequency range 9 kHz to
 30 MHz; Part 2: Harmonized EN under article 3.2 of
 the RTTE Directive is
 now a harmonized standard under the RTTE Directive
 as it implies. ETSI EN
 300 330-2 calls out ETSI EN 300 330-1 as the
 standard to use for test
 limits, test procedures, etc. However, ETSI EN 300
 330-1 is not harmonized
 to the RTTE Directive.
 
 The question is this: if we use ETSI EN 300 330-2 is
 show compliance to the
 RTTE Directive, can we use ETSI EN 300 330-1
 without having to submit
 through a Notified Body? It is my understanding that
 the use of any
 standard that is not harmonized to the RTTE
 Directive requires
 intervention by a Notified Body to ensure the proper
 test suite usage.
 
 
 Bob Heller
 3M Product Safety, 76-1-01
 St. Paul, MN 55107-1208
 Tel:  651- 778-6336
 Fax:  651-778-6252
 
 
 ---
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RE: Power Amplifier for 2 GHz Immunity

2001-09-06 Thread Leslie Bai

No, EN301 489-1 specifies RF immunity from 80MHz-1GHz
with the exception of the exclusion band for
transmitters, receivers and duplex transceivers, see
Clause 9.2 of EN 301 489-1 (2000-08). There is no
indication that up to 2GHz be required.

Leslie


--- umbdenst...@sensormatic.com wrote:
 
 I agree that the 4-3 is a basic standard.  EN
 301489-1 is an immunity
 standard for radios and specifies the 2 GHz upper
 limit.  As the foundation
 is established in the basic standard and there is a
 proliferation of
 personal communications devices, it would not
 surprise me to see other
 standards amended.  For now, the product family
 standard due in 2003 is EN
 301489-1.
 
 Don Umbdenstock
 Sensormatic Electronics Corporation
 
  --
  From:   Pettit, Ghery[SMTP:ghery.pet...@intel.com]
  Sent:   Thursday, September 06, 2001 12:17 PM
  To: 'umbdenst...@sensormatic.com';
 rehel...@mmm.com
  Cc: emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org
  Subject:RE: Power Amplifier for 2 GHz Immunity
  
  The question that would then arise is this - what
 standard using EN
  61000-4-3 calls out immunity testing above 1 GHz? 
 EN 55024:1998 for ITE
  does not, nor does CISPR 24 upon which it is
 based.  Unless a standard
  using
  EN 61000-4-3 as a test method requires immunity
 testing above 1 GHz, the
  added procedure has no meaning for a particular
 product.
  
  Ghery Pettit
  Intel
  
  
  -Original Message-
  From: umbdenst...@sensormatic.com
 [mailto:umbdenst...@sensormatic.com]
  Sent: Thursday, September 06, 2001 8:41 AM
  To: rehel...@mmm.com
  Cc: emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org
  Subject: RE: Power Amplifier for 2 GHz Immunity
  
  
  
  Bob,
  
  EN 301489-1 due in 2003 calls for radiated
 immunity testing to 2 GHz.
  EN61000-4-3 also indicates testing to 2 GHz due to
 the portable phone
  market.
  
  Best regards,
  
  Don Umbdenstock
  Sensormatic Electronics Corporation
  
   --
   From: rehel...@mmm.com[SMTP:rehel...@mmm.com]
   Sent: Thursday, September 06, 2001 11:15 AM
   To:   umbdenst...@sensormatic.com
   Cc:   emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org
   Subject:  Re: Power Amplifier for 2 GHz Immunity
   
   
   We have recently purchased an Amplifier Research
 Model 25SIG4A and we
  use
   an
   AR FP2080 probe. We have two antennas for that
 range, a Schaffner bilog
   and
   an
   A. H. Systems horn.
   
   Other than the upcoming 60601-1-2 for medical
 equipment, are there any
   other upcoming
   standards that call out immunity testing over a
 gig? To my knowledge no
   present standard
   does.
   
   Bob Heller
   3M Product Safety, 76-1-01
   St. Paul, MN 55107-1208
   Tel:  651- 778-6336
   Fax:  651-778-6252
   
  
 

==
   
   
   

   
   UMBDENSTOCK@Senso
   
   rmatic.com To:
   emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org 
  
  cc:  
   (bcc: Robert E.
   Heller/US-Corporate/3M/US)  
  
   09/05/2001 10:19  
 Subject: Power Amplifier
   for 2 GHz Immunity   
   AM
   
   Please respond to
   
   UMBDENSTOCK
   

   

   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   Hello Forum,
   
   I was wondering what amplifier you are using for
 the 2 GHz testing
   requirement of EN61000-4-3?  Any comments
 regarding if I had to do it
   over
   again, I would have . . .  relative to your 2
 GHz setup?
   
   Best regards,
   
   Don Umbdenstock
   
   Sensormatic
   
   
   
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Re: Shielding Effectivness Question

2001-06-06 Thread Leslie Bai

 Neven,
There are quite a number of books addressing the shielding effectiveness 
analysis. Personally, I will recommend two of them:
1. White: EMC Handbook, Volume 3: Shielding
2. Ott: Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic Systems, Chapter 6: Shielding
Hope this helps
Leslie
 
  Neven Pischl npis...@cisco.com wrote: I would appreciate if anyone could 
let me know if there are any references (books, application notes, anythig ..) 
that deal with shielding efectivness in cases when a source is close to an 
(electrically small) opening in a shield (enclosure). In such a situation, the 
field will penetrate through the hole and leak even if the size is much smaller 
than the wavelength. I am particularly interested in situation when 
high-frequency source, such as a PCB edge or a component operating at (say) 1 
GHz and above is in proximity of the venting holes, small gaps in the chassis 
etc. All references that I have deal with uniform plane wave propagating 
incident to a metal plane with a slot or hole, in which case it is enought o 
have electrically small size of the opening (e.g. lambda/10) to efficiently 
block any field propagation through the barrier. I can't find any useful 
reference that deals in any analytical way with the situation I am interst!
ed in. I believe I might get some answers using some of the simulation 
programs, but at the moment I am more intersted in the analysis of the problem 
than in simulating it. Thank you, Neven Pischluite


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Clamp-on Ground Resistance Testers

2001-05-25 Thread Leslie Bai

Hi members,

I have a quick question here for you, just we need to
know your experience 
comments regarding to the so-called Clamp-on ground
resistance tester.

We need such kind of tester to take measurements of
grounding resistance in the
field, it seems such type of Clamp-on tester very
useful for us, because we need do it on the building
roof and the standard procedure is almost impossible
to implement.

Some of our applications are:
* Measure ground rod and small grid resistance;
* Measure resistance and continuity of grounding loops
around pads and buildings;
* Conduct quick field checks;
* Measure leakage current flowing to ground or
circulating in ground loops, etc.

Does anyone have any recommendations, comments,
suggestions, brands, specs..etc...for such tester...? 

Thanks in advance.
Leslie


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Re: Chinese Transmitter Approval

2001-05-16 Thread Leslie Bai

Richard,

We have been dealing with Chinese authority for radio
type approval in the past a few years. They requires
that radios being imported into the country go through
authorized representative located in their country. As
part of approval process, manufacturer need provide a
letter stating who their authorized representative is
to the Ministry of Information Industry (previously
Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications). 

The importer need to provide at least 2 samples for
audit  testing at National Radio Audit Testing Labs
located in various cities (Baijing, Xi'an, Shanghai,
etc.) in the country. Parameters to be tested are
frequency stability, output power, spectrum mask,
occupied bandwidth, spurious emissions, co-channel and
adjecent-channel ineterferences, etc...

The interesting thing is that the sampling must follow
their procedures defined in GB10111 (in Chinese only).
GB 2828 specifies S-2 program to examine samples batch
by batch and  GB 2829 Level 1 sampling program
specifies environment examinations.

I have not actually experiened short-ranged low power
radio type approval, such as Bluetooth devices, but as
far as I am aware, the importer is required to file a
copy of the FCC (Part 15.247), Canadian (RSS-210) , or
ETSI (300 328) test report. Also a minimum of three to
five samples is required for audit testing. 

Anyone else wants to input their experience on
Bluetooth approval in China?

Leslie



--- wo...@sensormatic.com wrote:
 
 Has anyone received a radio type approval in China?
 How did you go about the
 process? I am particularly interested in short range
 (low power) device type
 approval.
 
 Richard Woods
 
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Spurious Emissions Test up to 220GHz

2000-11-03 Thread Leslie Bai

Hello, Group,

Is there any lab who can test radiated spurious
emissions up to 220GHz (5th harmonics of radio
operating at 38GHz)?

Is there any supplier who can provide pre-amplifier(s)
and harmonics mixer(s) up to 220GHz for this
measurement (I already have all antennae up to
220GHz)?

Thanks,
Leslie

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Immunity measurement uncertainty

2000-09-14 Thread Leslie Bai

Hello, members,

Is there anyone who can direct me to somewhere I can
find the method to derive the Immunity Test
Uncertainties, e.g. ESD, RI, EFT/B, Surge, etc.

Thanks,
Leslie

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RFQ - Immunity Test Generators

2000-06-28 Thread Leslie Bai

Hello, Manufacturers:

I am looking for ESD, EFT/B, Surge, Power
dips/interruptions test generators and accessories.
The equipment must be able to be delivered by
September 15, 2000. For detail technical
specifications, interested manufacturers please reply
this email off-line or call me at (408)-944-1754.

Thanks,
Leslie Bai
DMC Stratex Networks
San Jose, CA 95134


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Update-NEBS Testing RFQ

2000-03-03 Thread Leslie Bai

Group:

I posted for NEBS testing RFQ a month ago
and received lots of replies from competitive
labs and advice from well-experienced group 
members.

It's to update to the group that I have selected
three potential testing labs for further discussion.

Only those labs who sent us the quotation
have been notifed individually. 

By any way, I would like to appreciate all
labs who expressed their interests and all
experienced members who offered their 
advice.

Thank you.
Leslie Bai
Digital Microwave Corporation
www.dmcwave.com




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ETS 300 385 Vs. EN 300 385

1999-12-17 Thread Leslie Bai

Hello, All: 

I am trying to make a thorough comaparison
between ETS 300 385 and EN 300 385 because
our product was covered under ETS 300 385
but now is under EN 300 385.

Here are some EMC standards quoted by
ETS 300 385 and EN 300 385 respectively.

Radiated Immunity:
ETS 300 385 refers to ENV 50140
EN 300 385 refers to EN 61000-4-3

ESD:
ETS 300 385 refers to EN 60801-2
EN 300 385 refers to EN 61000-4-2

EFT:
ETS 300 385 refers to IEC 801-4
EN 300 385 refers to EN 61000-4-4

Conducted Immunity:
ETS 300 385 refers to ENV 50141
EN 300 385 refers to EN 61000-4-11

Surge immunity:
ETS 300 385 refers to ENV 50142
EN 300 385 refers to EN 61000-4-5

I need to know the difference between
the following standards:

ENV 50140 vs. EN 61000-4-3
EN 60801-2 vs. EN 61000-4-2
IEC 801-4 vs. EN 61000-4-4
ENV 50141 vs. EN 61000-4-6
ENV 50142 vs. EN 61000-4-5

Unfortunately, I don't have all of those
quoted standards at hand to make the
comparison.

If anyone by any chance comapred these
standards, or knew the differences in terms
of test method, procedures, limits, any specific
requirements, etcplease kindly share with me.

Thanks,
Leslie

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IEC801-4 (1998) EN61000-4-4

1999-12-14 Thread Leslie Bai

Hello Group:

We have a product which was covered under 
ETS 300 385 but now EN 300 385.

About EFT test, ETS 300 385 refers to IEC 801-4 (1988)
but EN 300 385 refers to EN 61000-4-4. 

Has anyone compared these two standards;
IEC 801-4 (1998) and EN61000-4-4, in terms of
test method, procedures, limit, etc...what are the
differences

Thanks,
Leslie

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RE: Using RTTE directive before April 2000?

1999-12-10 Thread Leslie Bai

There is a transition regime applies.

Before April 8, 2000, we knew what we should do

Between April 8, 2000 and April 7, 2001, the
transition
regime applies and manufacturers can place on the
market
and put into service equipment which
Case 1. complies with Directive 99/5/EC
Case 2. complies with Directive 98/13/EC (for
equipment
within its scope)
Case 3. complies with national regulations (for radio 
equipment, which don't fall within teh scope of
Directive
98/13/EC).

In Case 1 and Case 2, equipment can freeely move 
according to the provisions of the Directives.
In Case 3, Articles 28 and 30 apply.

As of April 8, 2001, ONLY Directive 99/5/EC applies.

Rgds,
Leslie

 

--- H.T. Hildering h.t.hilder...@ktl.com wrote:
 
 The situation is simple,
 
 The European Commission has stated that the RTTE
 directive will come
 effectively in force on the 8th of April 2000 for
 all EU countries.
 Therefore all member countries are obliged to
 transpose it into their
 national regulation before that date.
 All member countries shall start to use the RTTE
 directive at the 8th of
 April.
 
 Best regards
 
 Theo Hildering
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 -Original Message-
 From: owner-emc-p...@ieee.org
 [mailto:owner-emc-p...@ieee.org] On Behalf Of
 j...@aol.com
 Sent: 08 December 1999 22:13
 To:   emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org; t...@world.std.com
 Subject:  Using RTTE directive before April 2000?
 
 
 Listmembers:
 
 I have a question that perhaps some of you can help
 me with.  I'm developing
 a regulatory compliance plan for a new telecom
 product that is scheduled to
 begin shipping in the first quarter of 2000.  The
 exact date is not certain,
 but it is likely to be before the April 8, 2000 date
 that appears in the
 RTTE
 directive.
 
 If possible, I would like to avoid the whole
 notified body route called out
 by the current directive 98/13/EC, especially since
 it would only be
 required
 for the brief period until April 2000.
 
 I seem to recall that a new directive can be used as
 soon as *any* member
 state has transposed it into national law.  If so,
 this suggests that the
 RTTE directive could be used prior to April 2000 if
 at least one member
 state
 has transposed it into national law.
 
 In the case of the UK, however, recent postings on
 the emc-pstc listserver
 indicate that the draft legislation for the UK calls
 out an effective date
 of
 April 8, 2000.  In other words, even if the UK
 transposes the directive
 prior
 to April 2000, the national law itself will call out
 an effective date of
 April 8.  I do not know what the other member states
 are planning to do.
 
 So, am I stuck with using directive 98/13/EC and the
 notified body route if
 the product ships prior to April 8, 2000?
 
 
 Joe Randolph
 Telecom Design Consultant
 Randolph Telecom, Inc.
 
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RE: Singapore

1999-10-27 Thread Leslie Bai

Amund:

The best person to answer your question
is Mr. W.H.Chong (Director of IT  Telecom Centre)
and Mrs.S.G.Chay (Director of E.E.Test Centre).

They are my ex-bosses a few years ago when I
was working with PSB.

Mr. Chong can be reached at (65)-7729721
email: cwh...@psb.gov.sg

Mrs.Chay can be reached at (65)-7729678
email: cha...@psb.gov.sg

Good luck,
Regards,
Leslie

 
 -Original Message-
 From: Westin, Amund [mailto:amund.wes...@dnv.com]
 Sent: Tuesday, October 26, 1999 7:12 AM
 To: 'emc-pstc'
 Subject: Singapore
 
 
 
 What are the EMC and LVD requirements in Singapore ?
 Any suggestions ?
 
 Thanks !
 
 Amund Westin
 Det Norske Veritas
 * amund.wes...@dnv.com
 
 


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RE: Temperature probe

1999-10-06 Thread Leslie Bai

Scott,

Thanks for your input.
How about the probe? 
Any recommendation?

Thanks
Leslie

--- Lacey,Scott sla...@foxboro.com wrote:
 Leslie,
 
 The Fluke Model 51 or 52 should be adequate for your
 needs. These are
 battery operated thermocouple instruments, single
 and dual input models.
 They are relatively inexpensive, and I would
 strongly recommend the dual
 input model for the extra features, as well as the
 ability to measure E.U.T.
 internal temperature and chamber ambient
 simultaneously.
 
 Scott Lacey
 
   -Original Message-
   From:   Leslie Bai [SMTP:leslie_...@yahoo.com]
   Sent:   Wednesday, October 06, 1999 2:29 PM
   To: emc-p...@ieee.org
   Subject:Temperature probe
 
 
   Hello, group:
 
   Seems that my question is not relavent 
   to this group but hope someone there
   could help.
 
   I am looking for an ACCURATE temperature
   probe ( accuracy is about +/- 1 degree C
   from -50 to +80 degree C). It will be used 
   to measure the microwave frequency 
   drifting over the temperature. It will be put
   in a temperature chamber. Although the 
   chamber has a temeprature display, it's
   not accurate as we expected (about +/-3 degree C),
thus we need a more accurate probe to perform
   the  measurement.
 
   If you have any info or similiar probe, pls
   kindly let me know - the brand, model, etc...
 
   Thanks in advance.
   Leslie
 
 http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/991006/ca_digit_m_1.html
 
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Temperature probe

1999-10-06 Thread Leslie Bai

Hello, group:

Seems that my question is not relavent 
to this group but hope someone there
could help.

I am looking for an ACCURATE temperature
probe ( accuracy is about +/- 1 degree C
from -50 to +80 degree C). It will be used 
to measure the microwave frequency 
drifting over the temperature. It will be put
in a temperature chamber. Although the 
chamber has a temeprature display, it's
not accurate as we expected (about +/-3 degree C),
 thus we need a more accurate probe to perform
the  measurement.

If you have any info or similiar probe, pls
kindly let me know - the brand, model, etc...

Thanks in advance.
Leslie
http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/991006/ca_digit_m_1.html

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HP 85044A wanted

1999-09-15 Thread Leslie Bai


Hello, Group:

Does anyone have two second-hand HP 85044A 
S-parameters' boxes for sale?

Thanks,
Leslie
Tel: (408)-944-1754
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RE: re: EN50082-1:1997 EN55024

1999-08-21 Thread Leslie Bai

Years ago, Diethard Moehr (Secretary of IEC TC77)
invited me to join IEC TC77 representing 
Singapore but due to some personal reason,
the invitation was declined (like I said in Seattle
when I met him, I still feel sorry for that.)

After reading Mike's email, I can't stop myself
adding a few more words to my previous
reply to Arun Kaore regarding ESD. Many 
people think ESD is conductive coupling
and thus only take into account of Voltage 
applied. For contact discharge, it may be 
alright since in this case conductive coupling
is dominate. But for air-discharge, it is not
true. The ESD effects mainly result from 
radiative coupling (some conductive as well
but not dominate). The test level is in Voltage
but actual effects result from dV/dt. In other
words, how many kVs is not so important
but dV/dt becomes the killer.

Different dV/dt result in different field distributions
and different current indensities when picked up
by different portions of the EUT which is actually
exposed to an electromagnetic field. 

If you don't look at it in this way, I guess
you may not be able to answer the question
logically.

Regards,
Leslie


--- Mike  Hopkins mhopk...@keytek.com wrote:
 
 I'm not sure I'm the most appropriate person to
 answer, but here's my
 opinion. Doug Smith at Auspex (also a member of this
 ieee group) is probably
 the best qualified to talk about ESD and other noise
 phenomena:
 
 Back in the mid '80's when we were demonstrating ESD
 simulators (air
 discharge only), we saw a lot of cases where EUT's
 survived higer voltages
 -- 8 to 10kV, but failed when tested at a few kV.
 With the scopes at the
 time, we could see faster rise times at the lower
 voltages (about 2-5kV),
 slower risetimes at intermediate voltages (5-10kV)
 and faster risetimes
 again at the higher voltages (10kV). We attributed
 these low voltage
 failures to the faster risetimes with air discharges
 below about 5kV. I I
 think this scenereo is still valid, and we see
 risetimes of a few hundred
 pico seconds below about 3kV. Risetimes do get to be
 slower at higher
 voltages. David Pommerenke at HP has done a lot of
 recent work to
 characterize human ESD with modern scopes and high
 bandwidth
 instrumentation.
 
 With contact mode testing, I'm not sure the same
 argument applies. With a
 simulator that has very clean risetimes, the
 risetime is held constant (IEC
 is .7 to 1ns) with voltage. di/dt in fact increases
 with voltage, which
 would be evidence for more failures at higher
 voltages, but this doesn't
 seem to be the case in practice. Nevertheless,
 people keep coming up with
 cases where lower voltages cause failures where
 higher voltages are okay.
 
 Some possibilities for the problem with contact
 mode:
 1. Some simulator have a considerable amount of
 ringing on the rising edge
 of the current waveform -- ESD Association work
 under WG14 -- also papers
 published at past ESD Symposiums by HP and others.
 This ringing could be
 inconsistant with voltage and be a significant
 contributor to failures.
 
 2. Breakdowns inside the EUT in air across very
 small gaps could produce
 risetimes well under 400ps. 
 
 3.  Other ideas  
 
 In any case, it is still felt by members of IEC
 TC77B WG9 (now in the
 process of completely re-evaluating IEC 61000-4-2)
 that testing at lower
 voltages is required to insure a product is, in
 fact, immune to ESD. This
 requirement will likely continue into any future
 version of the IEC
 standard.
 
 The latest draft of ANSI/IEEE C63.16- includes
 statements recommending
 testing begin at the lowest voltage and progress to
 higher voltages -- 1kV
 intervals for contact mode and 2kV intervals for air
 discharge. 
 
 It's clear these requirements will go forward --
 there's just too much
 evidence for the existance of the phenomena, even
 though the reasons aren't
 always clearly understood for a specific EUT.
 
 Mike Hopkins
 mhopk...@keytek.com
 
  -Original Message-
  From:   b...@anritsu.com [SMTP:b...@anritsu.com]
  Sent:   Thursday, August 19, 1999 6:56 PM
  To: Mike Hopkins
  Subject:fwd: re: EN50082-1:1997  EN55024
  
  Mike,
  
  You are the most appropriate person to answer the
 question that why DUT
  could 
  fail at lower ESD voltage sometimes. Can you post
 your answer directly to
  the 
  emc-pstc group?
  
  Thank you.
  Barry Ma
  b...@anritsu.com
  -- Original Text --
  
  From: Leslie Bai leslie_...@yahoo.com, on
 8/19/99 3:00 PM:
  To: Bailin Ma@MMDILAB@ACUS
  
  Barry,
  
  I agree with you but just wondering why
  DUT got larger current at lower ESD 
  voltage. 
  
  BTW, I called Anritsu early this week 
  requesting for a demonstration of Site Master
  but just couldn't get any reply yet. 
  
  Rgds,
  Leslie
  
  --- b...@anritsu.com wrote:
   
   Jim,
   
   You have been doing right thing. Those who
 directly
   go to the highest ESD 
   voltage level may thought if DUT can pass the
   highest level

Re: ESD

1999-08-20 Thread Leslie Bai

Arun:

When I started dealing with EMC 13 years ago,
I always thought ESD is conductive
testing but later I found it is not only conductive
but also radiative! The way of doing testing looks
like conductive but the effect of ESD is beyond that.

Obviously, different dv/dt produce different field
distribution - James C. Maxwell told us about 150
years ago - unless you can prove it is wrong.

Different field distribution induces different current
intensity in different portion of the EUT and results
in different sympotum. That why if EUT can pass
higher test levels does not mean it can pass lower
levels due to the different susceptibility of the circuits
exposed to different field distributions.

If you only consider the conductive coupling ,
I guess you can not explain why EUT passed
hihger levels but may not pass lower levels, 
can you?

I also would like to share with you my experience
when I did a TCF job years ago when I was 
working in Singapore. 

We know it is not possible to perform radiated 
immunity testing at the customer's workshop.
It is just simply illegal!
But how would you verify the machine's radiated
susceptibility?  ESD gun can help - think about it.

Regards,
Leslie

--- Arun Kaore kao...@sg.adi-limited.com.au wrote:
 
 I differ from this theory of radiated coupling in
 air discharges. There will
 be air discharge if the creepage/clearance is less
 (than say 7mm for 8kV)
 such that the disturbance voltage just arcs over, if
 there is a path. 
 
 The discharge current flows then via the shortest
 path, corrupting
 everything in the way, if it is not immune. We note
 that the Immunity noise
 threshold for most ICs is less than a couple of
 volts. 
 
 The easiest way we employ to fix air discharge
 problems is by artificially
 increasing the creepage by adding plastic foil or
 increasing spacing. 
 
 Schaffner has different probes, loop types, which
 are more suited for
 radiative coupling (near field types) as you
 suggest, but we use them for
 pre-compliance purposes only. These are the truly
 radiative coupling
 types. They are a poor man's friend for MIL STD
 461/462 CS06 (in air!!), or
 CS115/CS116/ RS02 pre compliance.
 
 I cannot comment on your Fire Alarm system though,
 but I would hazard a
 guess and attribute it to HCP or capacitive coupling
 via unshielded cables
 spaced off the metal test sheet (the GRP).
 
 Regards
 
 
 
 Arun Kaore
 EMC Engineer
 
 ADI Limited
 Systems Group
 Test  Evaluation Centre
 Forrester Road, St Marys NSW 2760
 P O Box: 315, St Marys NSW 1790
 
 Tel: 61 2 9673 8375
 Fax: 61 2 9673 8321
 Email: kao...@sg.adi-limited.com.au
 mailto:kao...@sg.adi-limited.com.au 
 
 
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 roger.volgst...@compaq.com (the list
 administrators).
 
  
 Leslie Bai wrote: ESD test is to verify the EUT
 immunity due to induced
 current (nonsense!). The current can be induced by
 conducted coupling
 (direct contact) or/and radiated coupling. My
 understanding of the test is
 that for contact discharge, conduct coupling is
 dominate and for
 air-discharge, radiated coupling is dominate.
 Thus for contactt discharge, if you can pass the
 higher level, you may not
 have much problem with lower levels, but although
 radiated coupling is not
 dominate for contact discharge, the effects have to
 be verified through
 testing.
 For air-discharge, ESD test is to verify the effects
 of electromagnetic
 field on the EUT - i.e. a kind of field immunity
 test. Different levels will
 have a different field distribution around the EUT
 due to the different
 dV/dt - Maxwell told us.
 Thus, the induced current is (mainly) generated
 by the electromagnetic field.
 I tested one Fire Alarm system years ago. This
 system has 128 ports all
 connected with (at least 5m) twisted wires. I
 noticed that the cable layout
 can affect result (pass or fail) significantly when
 doing air-discharge.
 However, there is no noticable difference by varying
 cable layout when doing
 contact discharge.
 That was my understanding comes from.
 Rgds,
 Leslie
 

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Re: EN50082-1:1997 EN55024

1999-08-20 Thread Leslie Bai

Hi, all

Just put a few words of my understanding of ESD.

ESD test is to verify the EUT immunity due to induced
current (nonsense!). The current can be induced by
conducted coupling (direct contact) or/and radiated
coupling. My understanding of the test is that for
contact discharge, conduct coupling is dominate
and for air-discharge, radiated coupling is dominate.

Thus for contactt discharge, if you can pass the higher
level, you may not have much problem with lower
levels, but although radiated coupling is not 
dominate for contact discharge, the effects have 
to be verified through testing.

For air-discharge, ESD test is to verify the effects
of electromagnetic field on the EUT - i.e. a kind
of field immunity test. Different levels will have
a different field distribution around the EUT
due to the different dV/dt - Maxwell told us.
Thus, the induced current is (mainly) generated
by the electromagnetic field.

I tested one Fire Alarm system years ago. This
system has 128 ports all connected with (at least 
5m) twisted wires. I noticed that the cable layout
can affect result (pass or fail) significantly when
doing air-discharge. However, there is no 
noticable difference by varying cable layout 
when doing contact discharge.

That was my understanding comes from.

Rgds,
Leslie
 

--- Hans Mellberg emcconsult...@yahoo.com wrote:
 
 
 --- Benoit Nadeau bnad...@matrox.com wrote:
  
  Bonjour de Montreal,
  
  In another life, I was working for a EMC Test lab
  and we always used the
  step by step procedure which was in the ESD
  Standard. We tested using this
  procedure for years and we did encounter some
  products who failed at low
  level ESD but had no problem at higher levels.
  
  We wondered what to conclude and had some
  hypothesis.
  
  1) may be the current path was different at higher
  level or
  2) Lower levels might have a slightly longer rise
  time which tends to produce 
  more energy in the lower part of the frequency
  spectrum where the EUT was
  more sensible.
 
 
 
 Partly true. The risetime changes as the voltage
 increases. The
 risetime slows (dV/dt or dI/dt value gets reduced)
 down as you begin
 to go over 6-8kV. I also have seen products fail at
 2-4 kV and pass at
 levels 8-10 kV. This ofcourse is on air discharge
 equipment where
 variability of the risetime is expected.
 Contact discharge equipment do not exhibit much
 risetime variability
 (at least not to a large degree)
 
 Hans T. Mellberg
 EMC/ESD Consultant
 member ANSI/IEEE C63.16 WG on ESD
 __
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Calibration of 3-port waveguide coupler (up to 18GHz)

1999-08-19 Thread Leslie Bai


Hello, folks,

I have another problem here to calibrate a 
3-port waveguide coupler.

Remember I posted a question regarding 
return loss measurement several days ago.
I appreciate UKAS has agreed with our 
setup since we provided scientific error
model of the setup and initial derivation
of the measurement uncertainty is within
scope of ETR 028. Why I am saying initial
is that we used manufacturers specifications
of the 3-port waveguide coupler, i.e. mismatch,
insertion loss (coupler port  thr' port), and
directivity, etc...).

Now, UKAS asked us to provide calibration
data of those parameters instead of manufacturers
specifications. 

The problem here is we are requested to calibrate it
in NAMAS traceble calibration lab.

I have called NIST, the reply was they can't do it.
I called HP, they need one week to evaluate ($140
evaluation fee, no matter whether they can do it).

I appreciate any recommendations - It's urgent!

Thanks,
Leslie


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Re: EMC test chamber -- Reverberation and Others

1999-08-16 Thread Leslie Bai

Barry,

NIST has put lots of effort to promote RC and 
achieved significant results through experimental
approach. They deserved the honor of the best
symposium paper.

However, I guess we are the first team to study
RC through modeling  simulation approach
building the 3-D RC model and obtaining the 
full wave solution of Maxwell equations.

Lots of appreciation and encouragement was 
offered by audience after my presentation during the 
symposium. Does the community think our tried-out is
a good kick-off???

Rgds,
Leslie

--- b...@anritsu.com wrote:
 Leslie,
 
 Thanks for the valuable info. 
 You mentioned two articles in EMC'99 Seattle
 Symposium Record. Actually, 
 right before them on pp. 1-6 of Vol. 1 is
 Reverberation Chamber 
 Relationship: Corrections and Improvements by John
 Ladbury and Galen Koepke, 
 which won the award of the best Symposium technical
 paper at Seattle.
 
 Barry Ma
 Morgan Hill, CA
 -- Original Text --
 
 From: Leslie Bai leslie_...@yahoo.com, on
 8/15/99 7:16 PM:
 
 
 I have studied Reverberation Chambers for some
 time, refer to recent EMC'99 Seattle Symposium
 Record
 Vol. 1, Page 7 to page 16. Measurement comparison
 will be published in the near future.
 
 Cost:
 RC is about 20 to 30% of an equivalent AC.
 
 Standards:
 There is a joint CISPR (emissions) and IEC
 (immunity) 
 committee working to produce a common standard for
 RCs. 
 Immunity standard can be found in IEC 61000-4-3,
 Anex I. 
 I have no doubt there will eventually be an
 emissions
 standard which permits RC use. However,  it is
 unlikely 
 that an operative standard will be available in 2
 years. 
 
 Technology:
 RC uses statistical analysis to perform EMC
 measurement.
 It is realized by changing the boundary conditions
 using
 stirring paddle(s). However, the restriction of the
  Lowest Usable Frequency (LUF) may be a problem 
 which is under study in the community.
 
 General comments:
 If you need to do emission and immunity 
 certification testing in the near term, 
 my recommendation would be for AC. 
  It is the most expensive solution but it is
 acceptable today and if used properly (i.e., robust,
 many
 aspect angle tests) will provide detailed
 information on
 EUT characteristics.
 
 A RC will be a cost effective approach to a test
 facility
 for some test objectives (e.g., identifying emission
 frequencies
 very quickly and positively) and in the longer term
 will be 
 the most cost effective.
 
 Rgds,
 Leslie
 
 
 --- Ray Levasseur ray_levass...@hotmail.com wrote:
  
  Thanks Barry for the suggestion but I know nothing
  about reverberation 
  chambers, possibly somone could comment on the
  merits of RC over AC.
  
  Ray Levasseur
  EMC Compliance
  Creo Products
  
  
  From: b...@anritsu.com (Bailin Ma)
  Reply-To: b...@anritsu.com (Bailin Ma)
  To: emc-p...@ieee.org
  Subject: EMC test chamber -- Reverberation and
  Others
  Date: Fri, 13 Aug 1999 9:13:21 PDT
  
  
  Ray,
  
  Did you consider using Reverberation Chamber (RC)
  instead of semi-anechoic
  chamber for pre-compliance?
  It seems to me that RC technique has become
  practically applicable for both
  emission and immunity tests. It's less expensive.
  Official EMC standards
  would accept it in a couple of years. IEC
  61000-4-21: Reverberation 
  Chamber
  is circulating for comments.
  
  I know little about RC and expect some
  knowledgeable colleagues to make
  comments.
  
  Barry Ma
  Anritsu Company
  
  -Original Message-
From: Ray Levasseur
  [mailto:ray_levass...@hotmail.com]
Sent: Wednesday, August 11, 1999 2:44 PM
To: emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org
Subject: Wanted:EMC test chamber
  
Hi Group,
I am setting up pre-compliance EMC testing at
 our
  facility and need some
  equipment to complete my setup. I was planning on
 a
  3m shielded room with 
  the
  possibility of making it semi-anechoic when the
  budget allows. Our products
  are large (relative to normal ITE equipment) with
  the largest that would be
  tested in the chamber 10ft wide X 6ft long X 3ft
  high. I have most of the
  equipment I need to do the tests for EN 55022 and
  EN 50082. I need a
  motorized antenna mast that goes from 1-4m and a
  chamber. If anyone could
  direct me to a person or company selling the
  chamber or antenna mast I 
  would
  greatly appreciate it. Also I would like to get
  some feedback on the 
  Cassper
  virtual chamber and if anyone has used it or has
  comments on the usability
  of   such a system.
  
Thanks,
Ray Levasseur
EMC Compliance,
Creo Products
  
  
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  This message is coming from the emc-pstc
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  list.
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  administrators

Re: EMC test chamber -- Reverberation and Others

1999-08-16 Thread Leslie Bai

I have studied Reverberation Chambers for some
time, refer to recent EMC'99 Seattle Symposium Record
Vol. 1, Page 7 to page 16. Measurement comparison
will be published in the near future.

Cost:
RC is about 20 to 30% of an equivalent AC.

Standards:
There is a joint CISPR (emissions) and IEC (immunity) 
committee working to produce a common standard for RCs. 
Immunity standard can be found in IEC 61000-4-3, Anex I. 
I have no doubt there will eventually be an emissions
standard which permits RC use. However,  it is unlikely 
that an operative standard will be available in 2 years. 

Technology:
RC uses statistical analysis to perform EMC measurement.
It is realized by changing the boundary conditions using
stirring paddle(s). However, the restriction of the
 Lowest Usable Frequency (LUF) may be a problem 
which is under study in the community.

General comments:
If you need to do emission and immunity 
certification testing in the near term, 
my recommendation would be for AC. 
 It is the most expensive solution but it is
acceptable today and if used properly (i.e., robust, many
aspect angle tests) will provide detailed information on
EUT characteristics.

A RC will be a cost effective approach to a test facility
for some test objectives (e.g., identifying emission frequencies
very quickly and positively) and in the longer term will be 
the most cost effective.

Rgds,
Leslie


--- Ray Levasseur ray_levass...@hotmail.com wrote:
 
 Thanks Barry for the suggestion but I know nothing
 about reverberation 
 chambers, possibly somone could comment on the
 merits of RC over AC.
 
 Ray Levasseur
 EMC Compliance
 Creo Products
 
 
 From: b...@anritsu.com (Bailin Ma)
 Reply-To: b...@anritsu.com (Bailin Ma)
 To: emc-p...@ieee.org
 Subject: EMC test chamber -- Reverberation and
 Others
 Date: Fri, 13 Aug 1999 9:13:21 PDT
 
 
 Ray,
 
 Did you consider using Reverberation Chamber (RC)
 instead of semi-anechoic
 chamber for pre-compliance?
 It seems to me that RC technique has become
 practically applicable for both
 emission and immunity tests. It's less expensive.
 Official EMC standards
 would accept it in a couple of years. IEC
 61000-4-21: Reverberation 
 Chamber
 is circulating for comments.
 
 I know little about RC and expect some
 knowledgeable colleagues to make
 comments.
 
 Barry Ma
 Anritsu Company
 
 -Original Message-
   From: Ray Levasseur
 [mailto:ray_levass...@hotmail.com]
   Sent: Wednesday, August 11, 1999 2:44 PM
   To: emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org
   Subject: Wanted:EMC test chamber
 
   Hi Group,
   I am setting up pre-compliance EMC testing at our
 facility and need some
 equipment to complete my setup. I was planning on a
 3m shielded room with 
 the
 possibility of making it semi-anechoic when the
 budget allows. Our products
 are large (relative to normal ITE equipment) with
 the largest that would be
 tested in the chamber 10ft wide X 6ft long X 3ft
 high. I have most of the
 equipment I need to do the tests for EN 55022 and
 EN 50082. I need a
 motorized antenna mast that goes from 1-4m and a
 chamber. If anyone could
 direct me to a person or company selling the
 chamber or antenna mast I 
 would
 greatly appreciate it. Also I would like to get
 some feedback on the 
 Cassper
 virtual chamber and if anyone has used it or has
 comments on the usability
 of   such a system.
 
   Thanks,
   Ray Levasseur
   EMC Compliance,
   Creo Products
 
 
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RE: Horn antennas, pre-amplifier, and return loss measurement

1999-08-13 Thread Leslie Bai

EMCO has no horn over 40GHz.

--- WOODS, RICHARD wo...@sensormatic.com wrote:
 
 Try EMCO for horns and MITEQ for preamps.
 
   --
   From:  Leslie Bai [SMTP:leslie_...@yahoo.com]
   Sent:  Thursday, August 12, 1999 1:15 PM
   To:  'emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org'
   Subject:  Horn antennas, pre-amplifier, and return
 loss measurement
 
 
   Hi, Folks,
 
   Is there anyone can direct me to some sources
   of horn antennas  preamplifiers.
 
   What I need are sets of horn antenna for spurious
   emissions testing to meet FCC Part 101.
 
   1 to 18GHz, 
   18 to 26.5GHz, 26.5 to 40GHz, or 18 to 40GHz
 instead,
   40 to 60GHz, 50 to 75GHz, or 40 to 75GHz instead,
   75 to 110GHz, 110 to 170GHz, or 75 to 170GHz
 instead.
 
   Due to the significant space loss over 110GHz, I
 guess
   I also need a set of preamplifier from 110 to
 170GHz.
 
   I am also studying on return loss measurement  
   methodologies to meet ETSI requirement for
   radios RF port. Since NAMAS calibration of
   network analyzer may cost thousands bucks,
   I am wondering if I could achieve a good result
   (in terms of accuracy and uncertainty) using
   spectrum analyser and waveguide coupler.
   If anyone by any chance has an ready error model
   of the test setup using spectrum analyzer and
   waveguide coupler, I appreciate you could share
   with me to short my research path.
 
   Thanks in advance.
 
   Leslie Bai
   Senior Compliance Engineer
   Compliance Quality Manager
   Digital Microwave Corporation
   170 Rose Orchard Way
   San Jose, CA 95134
   Tel: (408)-944-1754
 
 
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Horn antennas, pre-amplifier, and return loss measurement

1999-08-12 Thread Leslie Bai

Hi, Folks,

Is there anyone can direct me to some sources
of horn antennas  preamplifiers.

What I need are sets of horn antenna for spurious
emissions testing to meet FCC Part 101.

1 to 18GHz, 
18 to 26.5GHz, 26.5 to 40GHz, or 18 to 40GHz instead,
40 to 60GHz, 50 to 75GHz, or 40 to 75GHz instead,
75 to 110GHz, 110 to 170GHz, or 75 to 170GHz instead.

Due to the significant space loss over 110GHz, I guess
I also need a set of preamplifier from 110 to 170GHz.

I am also studying on return loss measurement  
methodologies to meet ETSI requirement for
radios RF port. Since NAMAS calibration of
network analyzer may cost thousands bucks,
I am wondering if I could achieve a good result
(in terms of accuracy and uncertainty) using
spectrum analyser and waveguide coupler.
If anyone by any chance has an ready error model
of the test setup using spectrum analyzer and
waveguide coupler, I appreciate you could share
with me to short my research path.

Thanks in advance.

Leslie Bai
Senior Compliance Engineer
Compliance Quality Manager
Digital Microwave Corporation
170 Rose Orchard Way
San Jose, CA 95134
Tel: (408)-944-1754

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RE: 50 ohm 75 ohm

1999-07-16 Thread Leslie Bai


Hi, all members,

I just came back from a few days bussiness trip to
somewhere isolated from this world and didn't
anticipate huge amount of reply to my posted 
question on testing cable impedance.

I do appreciate all your suggestions although 
I am going to try one or two approaches.

Thanks  regards,
Leslie
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50 ohm 75 ohm

1999-07-13 Thread Leslie Bai


Dear members,

Anyone there can share the experience to measure
cables' impedance thus to identify whether a BNC
is a 50 ohm or 75 ohm cable.

Thanks,
Leslie
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RE: GTEM cell

1999-07-08 Thread Leslie Bai


Mike,

Your comments can't be over stressed any more.
We did find the deviation between correlations
from products to products, however, as long as
a suitable harness is used properly, the correlation
is pretty consistent. Also we use modeling tools
to assist correlation prediction. It helps as well.

I am wondering if it is a mandatory to correlation
GTEM cell result with OATS result for each of
EUT, why we have to duplicate the test, why
not just get the result from OATS to comply.

For immunity test against CE using GTEM,
it is stated in EN61000-4-3, Annex , as an 
alternative test facility.

For emission test, as mentioned above,
ANSIC63.4 accept GTEM result. EN has
no specific standard such as EN55022 to
accept GTEM result. However, compliance
can be declared through TCF route against
generic standards as allowed by EMC Directive.

I personally  have no doubt GTEM and also things
like Reverberation Chambers (another alternative
facility) will be fully recognized eventually,
it's just the matter of time.

Rgds,
Leslie

--- Mike  Hopkins mhopk...@keytek.com wrote:
 
 Careful -- for FCC emissions it's allowed only if
 correlation with an OATS
 is achieved for a given product. For the next
 product, correlation may have
 to be re-done.
 
 For immunity to EN's, it isn't so clear. IEC
 61000-4-3 is written as if any
 type of TEM cell is NON compliant, but a draft annex
 is now being circulated
 that would allow TEM cells, but ONLY if a TEM wave
 can be demonstrated
 throughout the frequency range being used (3-axis
 measurement, undesired
 vectors  6 db down). 
 
 For emissions to EN's, TEM cells are not allowed for
 compliance testing.
 
 Mike Hopkins
 mhopk...@keytek.com
 
  -Original Message-
  From:   Leslie Bai [SMTP:leslie_...@yahoo.com]
  Sent:   Wednesday, July 07, 1999 11:25 AM
  To: Qu Pingyu; 'emc'
  Subject:Re: GTEM cell
  
  
  Pingyu,
  
  I guess GTEM cell is a good choice for your case.
  Pls refer to IEC61000-4-3 (for immunity) and 
  ANSI C63.4 (for emission), GTEM cell is not only
  recognized for pre-compliance test but also
  can be used for compliance test as long as 
  some correlation can be achieved. 
  We did correlation through both modeling,
 simulation
  using FDTD and actual testing to verify the
 results.
  We are using GTEM cell for many different kinds of
 products
  compliance test and PCB trouble-shooting.
  It is pretty good. But you have to pay attention
  to the uniformity volume of GTEM cell, it's
  a bit tricky, especially the cabling of EUT may
 affect
  the result, thus, during the correction, a harness
  is supposed to be used to simulate the EUT
 cabling.
  
  Hope it helps.
  Leslie
  
  --- Qu Pingyu pin...@ime.org.sg wrote:
   
   Hello, Everyone:
   
   I have some questions regarding the GTEM cell.
 Here
   in our Institute we are
   considering setting up some EMC measurement
   capability for precompliance
   testing. The EUTs we are dealing with are not
 very
   large, probably not
   larger than a desktop PC. Do you think that GTEM
   cell is a good choice ? Do
   many of you use GTEM as a precompliance testing
   facility ? Your comments are
   highly appreciated.
   
   Regards
   
   Qu Pingyu
   
   
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Re: GTEM cell

1999-07-07 Thread Leslie Bai

Pingyu,

I guess GTEM cell is a good choice for your case.
Pls refer to IEC61000-4-3 (for immunity) and 
ANSI C63.4 (for emission), GTEM cell is not only
recognized for pre-compliance test but also
can be used for compliance test as long as 
some correlation can be achieved. 
We did correlation through both modeling, simulation
using FDTD and actual testing to verify the results.
We are using GTEM cell for many different kinds of products
compliance test and PCB trouble-shooting.
It is pretty good. But you have to pay attention
to the uniformity volume of GTEM cell, it's
a bit tricky, especially the cabling of EUT may affect
the result, thus, during the correction, a harness
is supposed to be used to simulate the EUT cabling.

Hope it helps.
Leslie

--- Qu Pingyu pin...@ime.org.sg wrote:
 
 Hello, Everyone:
 
 I have some questions regarding the GTEM cell. Here
 in our Institute we are
 considering setting up some EMC measurement
 capability for precompliance
 testing. The EUTs we are dealing with are not very
 large, probably not
 larger than a desktop PC. Do you think that GTEM
 cell is a good choice ? Do
 many of you use GTEM as a precompliance testing
 facility ? Your comments are
 highly appreciated.
 
 Regards
 
 Qu Pingyu
 
 
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Re: EFFECT

1999-06-29 Thread Leslie Bai

Peter,

Think about why the standards define normal
environment (temperature, humidity, 
airpressure,etc.)conditions when performing
a test.

Those environment parameters will cause the
frequency to shift, cause the amplitude  to
change, etc..A simple example, when the 
emperature increases, the holes / gaps
of the cover become larger, cut-off frequency
becomes smaller, shielding effectiveness is
reduced, your reading may become higher.

If you had tested Radio Equipment against
FCC Part 101, or ETSI 300-XXX, you would
find both frequency and output power need 
to be tested by varying the environmental
conditions.

That's why we have to record all of those
parameters during whatsever tests.

Hope it helps,
Leslie


--- PETER PHILLIPS peter.phill...@mira.co.uk wrote:
 
 Dear group,
 
 Has anybody heard about the term EFFECT relating to
 EMC and environmental
 testing combined.
 
 I am looking for any information on the topic, also
 any views that people
 may have regarding the change in EMC performance due
 to adverse
 environmental conditions
 
 Looking forward to your comments
 
 Peter 
 
 
 Peter Phillips
 MIRA (Motor Industry Research Association)
 Tel:++44 (0)1203 355576 
 Fax:++44 (0)1203 355486
 e-mail peter.phill...@mira.co.uk
 
 
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Re: Speaker Stand

1999-06-29 Thread Leslie Bai


 Is CE mark required for sales of this plastic stand?

No.

 Is there any directive that this plastic stand falls
 under?

No.

 Are there directive which requires the plastic
 material or the
 structure/shape to be of certain type?

No.

Hope it helps.
Leslie

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Re: emc compliance

1999-06-26 Thread Leslie Bai

Lisa,

Your product is experiencing radiated 
emissions testing, it can not pass the 
test at one particular frequency unless
a ferrite has to be put at the external
cable. What should you do for CE marking?

Is this your question? 

You have two choices to CE mark legally:

1. Sell the product with that ferrite,
and state in the test report this modification
was made to comply  You will be able to
declare conformity as usual.
 
2. Redeign it and make it pass.

Otherwise, you are not supposed to put any 
statement in the manual to justify the 
conformity since the product fails without
modification. 

Hope it helps,
Leslie


--- lisa_cef...@mksinst.com wrote:
 
 
 
 Here's a question  If you have a product that,
 at one particular frequency
 during radiated RF, you simply cannot get to pass
 the requirements of the
 relative CE standard without putting an external
 ferrite on the cable, is it
 legal , to still mark it, provided you inform your
 customers via the
 declaration of conformity or in the manual etc.,
 that they could experience
 problems at such and such frequencies and if they
 do, to use a ferrite?  (boy,
 that was a mouthful).  Faced with a redesign or a
 statement, the words would be
 the easier route to take, since in this case, the
 customer could probably never
 see the problem frequency range.   Comments?
 
 thank you for any advise,
 
 Lisa
 
 
 
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