Re: [PSES] ITAR scope

2011-11-14 Thread John Woodgate
In message f014332fd18a4c749c3ed712650e0...@tamuracorp.com, dated Mon, 
14 Nov 2011, Brian Oconnell oconne...@tamuracorp.com writes:


I probably should be concerned if our capitalist AC was converted to 
marxist/extremist DC power.


Teslacity will always overcome Edisonism. (;-)
--
OOO - Own Opinions Only. Try www.jmwa.demon.co.uk and www.isce.org.uk
John Woodgate, J M Woodgate and Associates, Rayleigh, Essex UK
I was thinking of learning beer-making, but since I like honey, I chose meadier
studies.

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Re: [PSES] CE marking of deep-fat fryer

2011-11-14 Thread John Woodgate
In message AB6009628A08455FAACB848DCB89BA9E@Pete97219Compaq, dated 
Mon, 14 Nov 2011, Pete Perkins peperkin...@cs.com writes:



  Looking for input on requirements for CE marking of a commercial
deep-fat fryer.

  What's the latest?


IEC 60335-2-13
Edition 6.0 (2009-12-14)
Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 2-13: 
Particular requirements for deep fat fryers, frying pans and similar 
appliances


This is mainly aimed at household appliances, but SC61E hasn't got round 
to making a separate standard for commercial appliances.

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Some people who are peeling the finch of the financial crisis are thinking of
biting a rook.

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Re: [PSES] CE marking of deep-fat fryer

2011-11-14 Thread John Woodgate
In message 4ec19e99.7060...@aol.com, dated Mon, 14 Nov 2011, Derek 
Walton lfresea...@aol.com writes:



I guess I find this nonsense.   ANYTHING abused looks dangerous.

More examples of Nanny state control.


Yes, but if they didn't do it, UL would be sued for $100 by 
everyone who sets their fryer on fyer. That may happen anyway because 
the person concerned can't read English.

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Some people who are peeling the finch of the financial crisis are thinking of
biting a rook.

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Re: [PSES] CE marking of deep-fat fryer

2011-11-14 Thread John Woodgate
In message 
e9c52f9e77c43c49a56a22691b3680be1b1...@tk5ex14mbxc301.redmond.corp.micro
soft.com, dated Mon, 14 Nov 2011, Ted Eckert ted.eck...@microsoft.com 
writes:


If the fryer is used by laymen, IEC 60335-2-13 is likely the correct 
standard.  Its scope includes the following text.


Appliances intended for normal household and similar use and that may 
also be used by laymen in shops, in light industry and on farms are 
within the scope of this standard. However, if the appliance is 
intended to be used professionally to process food for commercial 
consumption, the appliance is not considered to be for household and 
similar use only.


This would appear to cover deep-fat fryers used in restaurants and 
shops, but not food processing plants.


Yes, BUT, as I said, SC61E hasn't got round to making a special standard 
for commercial fryers. So the 'standards route' to complying with the 
LVD in Europe is to use 60335-2-13 and include in the safety assessment 
document the reasons why that standard is applicable to your particular 
product. That can, if necessary, be supplemented by an opinion from a 
Notified Body.


A product that's safe in a home or restaurant doesn't automatically 
become unsafe if it's moved into a plant.

--
OOO - Own Opinions Only. Try www.jmwa.demon.co.uk and www.isce.org.uk
John Woodgate, J M Woodgate and Associates, Rayleigh, Essex UK
Some people who are peeling the finch of the financial crisis are thinking of
biting a rook.

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Re: [PSES] CE marking of deep-fat fryer

2011-11-14 Thread John Woodgate
In message eca7cebe-86a4-4fe8-942b-a4cecc5f6...@conformance.co.uk, 
dated Mon, 14 Nov 2011, Nick Williams nick.willi...@conformance.co.uk 
writes:


60335-2-37 is for commercial appliances but isn't much use for gas 
fired or food factory type equipment.


That's peculiar: I thought that such a standard existed but a search of 
the IEC SC61E web site didn't show it. I think I know why: the page I 
asked for didn't appear, but one that resembled it did.

--
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Re: [PSES] CE marking of deep-fat fryer

2011-11-14 Thread John Woodgate
In message nyjtypaolzwof...@jmwa.demon.co.uk, dated Mon, 14 Nov 2011, 
John Woodgate j...@jmwa.demon.co.uk writes:


In message AB6009628A08455FAACB848DCB89BA9E@Pete97219Compaq, dated 
Mon, 14 Nov 2011, Pete Perkins peperkin...@cs.com writes:



  Looking for input on requirements for CE marking of a commercial
deep-fat fryer.

  What's the latest?


IEC 60335-2-13
Edition 6.0 (2009-12-14)
Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 2-13: 
Particular requirements for deep fat fryers, frying pans and similar 
appliances


This is mainly aimed at household appliances, but SC61E hasn't got 
round to making a separate standard for commercial appliances.



CORRECTION

IEC 60335-2-37 applies.
--
OOO - Own Opinions Only. Try www.jmwa.demon.co.uk and www.isce.org.uk
John Woodgate, J M Woodgate and Associates, Rayleigh, Essex UK
Some people who are peeling the finch of the financial crisis are thinking of
biting a rook.

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Re: [PSES] CE marking of deep-fat fryer

2011-11-14 Thread John Woodgate
In message eb8hcucbwgwof...@jmwa.demon.co.uk, dated Tue, 15 Nov 2011, 
John Woodgate j...@jmwa.demon.co.uk writes:


In message 
e9c52f9e77c43c49a56a22691b3680be1b1...@tk5ex14mbxc301.redmond.corp.micro
soft.com, dated Mon, 14 Nov 2011, Ted Eckert 
ted.eck...@microsoft.com writes:


If the fryer is used by laymen, IEC 60335-2-13 is likely the correct 
standard.  Its scope includes the following text.


Appliances intended for normal household and similar use and that may 
also be used by laymen in shops, in light industry and on farms are 
within the scope of this standard. However, if the appliance is 
intended to be used professionally to process food for commercial 
consumption, the appliance is not considered to be for household and 
similar use only.


This would appear to cover deep-fat fryers used in restaurants and 
shops, but not food processing plants.


Yes, BUT, as I said, SC61E hasn't got round to making a special 
standard for commercial fryers. So the 'standards route' to complying 
with the LVD in Europe is to use 60335-2-13 and include in the safety 
assessment document the reasons why that standard is applicable to your 
particular product. That can, if necessary, be supplemented by an 
opinion from a Notified Body.


CORRECTION: IEC 60335-2-37 applies


A product that's safe in a home or restaurant doesn't automatically 
become unsafe if it's moved into a plant.


This is still true.
--
OOO - Own Opinions Only. Try www.jmwa.demon.co.uk and www.isce.org.uk
John Woodgate, J M Woodgate and Associates, Rayleigh, Essex UK
Some people who are peeling the finch of the financial crisis are thinking of
biting a rook.

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Re: 230V Transition for EU?

2003-02-01 Thread John Woodgate
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I read in !emc-pstc that John Barnes jrbar...@iglou.com wrote (in
3e3b4355.1...@iglou.com) about '230V Transition for EU?' on Fri, 31
Jan 2003:
Some of my references on international primary power say that the
European Union was to transition to 230V power in two phases:
*  On 1 JAN 1995 the United Kindon and other countries using 240VAC 
   were supposed to declare that their power was now 230VAC +10% -6%, 
   while the countries using 220VAC would declare that their power 
   was now 230VAC +6% -10%.
*  On 1 JAN 2003 all the countries in the European Union would declare
   that their power was now 230VAC +10% -10%.

Did that actually happen?  Can you point me to any official documents to
that effect, maybe in the Official Journal of the European Communities
(OJ)?  

As far as UK is concerned, I don't think you will find anything in the
OJ. The declaration would have been done by either the Electricity
Association on behalf of the suppliers, or perhaps the DTI. In any case,
it was done.

The 2003 date has been relaxed for some countries, which can't meet the
requirements, until 2008. I have been informed by a very reliable source
that the UK supply industry has no plans to take advantage of the extra
4% downward tolerance.
-- 
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Interested in professional sound reinforcement and distribution? Then go to 
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Re: BeCu problem

2003-02-01 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Fred Townsend f...@poasana.com wrote (in
3e3af280.5e519...@poasana.com) about 'BeCu problem' on Fri, 31 Jan
2003:
John, tubes are like vacuum deposition chambers. I have difficulty believing 
that
a fancy form of carbon would be of any use in molded structures, HV, or HVAC.
These conditions are all found  in radar tubes.

Well, AIUI, it's actually made under high vacuum conditions, and diamond
is very stable, of course. But I wasn't thinking of the applications of
BeO in high-power tubes, about which I know very little, but in
semiconductor packages and heat-transferring insulators.
-- 
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Re: EN60950 protective conductor test (was Re: Circuit Breaker Tripping Dring Fault Tests)

2003-02-01 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Nick Williams nick.willi...@conformance.co.uk
wrote (in p05200f03ba60957364e4@[192.168.1.28]) about 'EN60950
protective conductor test (was Re: Circuit Breaker Tripping Dring Fault
Tests)' on Fri, 31 Jan 2003:

At 12:22 + 31/1/03, John Woodgate wrote:

There is a proposed amendment to IEC/EN 60950-1 requiring a test of the
protective conductor network at *prospective short-circuit current* for
the time it takes for the mains circuit protective device to operate.
The details are controversial at present, because the test currents
appear not to have taken into account the differences between
prospective short-circuit currents in different wiring systems and
supply voltages. Given that reservation, the lowest test current is 200
A.

The amendment is aimed at protective conductors which are surface or
internal traces of multi-layer printed boards. It is said that such
traces have failed in the field under high-current fault conditions.
--

Is the proposal to replace the existing test in the standard or to 
add an additional  test only for certain special circumstances?

It's additional.

Is there any evidence that this test would actually result in a 
significant number of poorly designed products which currently pass 
the requirements of the standard being rejected?

This is the claimed justification for the introduction. Field problems
have occurred where printed board conductors have failed in high-current
short-circuit conditions. The printed-board mounting versions of the IEC
60320 appliance connector encourage the use of board traces to carry the
PEC; something that I would not be happy about, in principle. 

The existing test has its faults but it is easy to do with some very 
cheap apparatus. It strikes me that the cost of doing a test at 200+A 
is potentially very substantial. 

I don't think 200 A is too much of a problem, but testing at higher
currents is proposed for some equipment. I don't want to be too
explicit, because the figures in the draft are highly suspect (of
applying to 120 V supplies!).

If the result of an amendment to the 
standard is that significant numbers of self-certified products which 
have not been properly tested in this aspect of their design reach 
the market, then the net result will actually be a significant 
reduction in the safety of end users.

I don't understand that. You mean that if people cheat, safety will be
compromised? That's always the case. But in fact, the presence of the
test may well concentrate attention on the need to make such traces
substantial, whether they are tested or not.

A cynic's view might also be that an amendment of this nature would 
suit the test labs and larger manufacturers fine, since they will be 
able to justify the cost of the apparatus required, whereas smaller 
manufacturers (and yes, small consultancy companies like mine) will 
not.
Remember you don't necessarily need 200 A at 230 V. I can get 200 A at a
bit over 1 V from a single turn on a big toroidal transformer.

OK, I admit I'm putting two and two together and getting about seven 
but I believe one should get one's retaliation in first in these 
circumstances! Any amendment along the lines suggested should be 
prepared to sacrifice a fair degree of technical accuracy against the 
need for the test to be cheap, quick and easy to perform.

It doesn't call for technical accuracy. You zap the equipment with the
200 A current for the operating time of the protective device and the
PEC either remains intact or doesn't.

Nowadays, standards writing should not just about getting accuracy 
and repeatability in testing but should also take into account the 
need to ensure that the requirements (and hence the tests) are 
actually possible to apply in the real world, and not just by people 
at specialist test houses.

I quite agree, but as you indicate above, there isn't too much *active*
support for that view. When I talk in the committees about low-cost
testing, people tend to remain silent. In any case, at present it's
difficult enough coping with the problems of the costly test equipment
not measuring correctly or not being feasible (low-distortion, high-
current mains supplies for IEC 61000-3-12, as a case in point).

If you want a copy of the draft, to make comments to the BSI committee,
please e-mail. Note that this offer can only be made to people in UK.
Others should approach their national standards body.
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
Interested in professional sound reinforcement and distribution? Then go to 
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Re: Unity Power Factor

2003-01-31 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Rich Nute ri...@sdd.hp.com wrote (in
200301311957.laa25...@epgc264.sdd.hp.com) about 'Unity Power Factor'
on Fri, 31 Jan 2003:
Fluke has a good explanation of the deleterious
effects of harmonics.  See:

http://www.fluke.com/ElectricPower/elec.asp

Thank you.
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
Interested in professional sound reinforcement and distribution? Then go to 
http://www.isce.org.uk
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Re: single fault conditions

2003-01-31 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Rich Nute ri...@sdd.hp.com wrote (in
200301311743.jaa24...@epgc264.sdd.hp.com) about 'single fault
conditions' on Fri, 31 Jan 2003:

So, the failure of switching FETs could give rise
to both fire and shock, but should not do so if the
equipment construction is according to our various
safety standards.  

That was my impression, too.
-- 
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Re: EN55022:1998 and telecom ports

2003-01-31 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Wagner, John P (John) johnwag...@avaya.com
wrote (in 4203D61676D0AE468AA5CEA90A891C1302A01467@cof110avexu4.global.
avaya.com) about 'EN55022:1998 and telecom ports' on Fri, 31 Jan 2003:

By the way, CISPR/F has nothing whatsoever to do with ITE.  It is CISPR/I and 
formerly CISPR/G 

OOPS Yes, you are quite right. I didn't notice the typo. I meant to
type G, but I is now the correct reference.
-- 
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Re: EN55022:1998 + A1:2000

2003-01-31 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that drcuthbert drcuthb...@micron.com wrote (in
cfefa50c9bcad21197470001fa7eba6b14121...@ntexchange05.micron.com)
about 'EN55022:1998 + A1:2000' on Fri, 31 Jan 2003:
How can a ferrite clamp be called a CMAD Common Mode Absorption Device? It
reduces EM radiation 
by reducing the current through the antenna, not by absorbing RF. It
could, however, be called a CMAD Common Mode Attenuation Device.

It is *meant* to absorb the energy in a lossy filter. However, it has
been incredibly badly specified by CISPR/F, AIUI.
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
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Re: BeCu problem

2003-01-31 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that don_borow...@selinc.com wrote (in
ofc54f7ba7.cab7254d-on88256cbf.0051d...@selinc.com) about 'BeCu
problem' on Fri, 31 Jan 2003:

I have seen stainless steel used as battery contacts. The contacts
developed an oxide on them that made it difficult to get power from the
battery. Seems to me that some plating could solve that problem however.

OTOH, I have never found any problem with *magnetic* stainless steel.
But nickel plate does cause film interface problems, particularly for
1.5 V or 3 V supplies.
-- 
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Re: EN55022:1998 and telecom ports

2003-01-31 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that richwo...@tycoint.com wrote (in 846BF526A205F8
4BA2B6045BBF7E9A6A04675BCE@flbocexu05) about 'EN55022:1998 and telecom
ports' on Fri, 31 Jan 2003:

The standard also includes tests for coax and
alludes to emissions caused by imperfect shielding. That seems to imply that
a network of video products (e.g., cameras, monitors, muxes, VCRs, etc) with
base band signals in coax would also be subject to testing. However, it is
not clear that is what the authors had in mind. Comments?

In Europe, EN 55103-1 would apply to such professional video systems. EN
55022 is NOT the only standard in the Universe.
-- 
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Re: BeCu problem

2003-01-31 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Fred Townsend f...@poasana.com wrote (in
3e3a35fb.6ecc...@poasana.com) about 'BeCu problem' on Fri, 31 Jan
2003:
BeO has seven times better thermal conductivity than AlO (alumina).  There is
no real substitute for BeO at high power levels.  It is still used by the
Military in high power radar applications such as tubes.

Vapour Phase Deposition of diamond may replace BeO, with improved
thermal properties, AIUI, and no toxicity problem.
-- 
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Re: EN55022:1998 and telecom ports

2003-01-31 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that david_ster...@ademco.com wrote (in 2DF7C54A75B
dd311b61700508b64231002c5b...@nyhqex1.ademconet.com) about
'EN55022:1998 and telecom ports' on Fri, 31 Jan 2003:

Earthing STP shields at both ends is potential safety hazard,

How does a safety hazard arise?
-- 
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Re: Unity Power Factor

2003-01-31 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Rich Nute ri...@sdd.hp.com wrote (in
200301292324.paa09...@epgc264.sdd.hp.com) about 'Unity Power Factor'
on Wed, 29 Jan 2003:
Yes, delta-wye distribution transformer overheating 
does occur due to the circulation and dissipation of 
the triplen harmonics in the primary (delta) winding.

Thank you for that and the rest of the information, which could prove to
be very helpful indeed. I would like to use it in my continuing efforts
to defuse the arguments between the former TC74 experts in TC108 and the
SC77A/WG1 people. May I say that the information came from you
(personally, of course, not from HP)?
-- 
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Re: Unity Power Factor

2003-01-31 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Rich Nute ri...@sdd.hp.com wrote (in
200301301638.iaa15...@epgc264.sdd.hp.com) about 'Unity Power Factor'
on Thu, 30 Jan 2003:
As Ken Javor described, in the USA, voltage 
distortion is largely a local (privately-owned 
wiring) premises problem due to excessive 
series resistance between the load and the 
point where the utility connects to the local 
premises wiring.

Voltage distortion at the point where the utility
(public network) connects to the local premises 
wiring is rare.

Thank you. This is all good stuff. I wish it had been available some
years ago. We've never succeeded in getting such clear and definite
statements about the US experience previously.
-- 
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Re: EN55022:1998 + A1:2000

2003-01-31 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Gert Gremmen g.grem...@cetest.nl wrote (in
oleokfnbajjejfkplbbmoeelchaa.g.grem...@cetest.nl) about 'EN55022:1998
+ A1:2000' on Thu, 30 Jan 2003:

The official name is CMAD Common Mode Absorption Device.
(before John makes one himself ;))

You mean me?  And do you mean before I make a name for the device or
before I make a DIY device itself? I don't plan to do that at present,
but you never know.

The discussion in the UK committee leads me to think that the 'MAD' part
is apt. (;-)
-- 
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Re: single fault conditions

2003-01-31 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that boconn...@t-yuden.com wrote (in F7E9180F6F7F58
40858d3db815e4f7ad1f2...@cms21.t-yuden.com) about 'single fault
conditions' on Wed, 29 Jan 2003:
Yes sir, this is another thing I've wondered about; i.e., simulating the
big 
bus cap (short) SFC by applying a mechanical short accross the terminals. 
Does not really demonstrate what would occur if the cap itself fails. A 
blown electrolytic can be very messy.
 
I am beginning to wonder about some of the testing that I perform that
the 
agencies think is really great stuff...

This subject should be studied by the TC108 team preparing the standard
that will replace IEC 60950 and IEC 60065. However, at this time, there
seems to be no specialist team assigned to studying the subject of
realistic fault simulation. There is a meeting of the team next month.
Maybe this subject should be discussed.
-- 
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Re: Translations: Chinese to English

2003-01-31 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Collins, Jeffrey jcoll...@ciena.com wrote (in
1d4e6e0235bdf84bb58bace5086d9c518...@wntcsdexg03.oni.com) about
'Translations: Chinese to English' on Wed, 29 Jan 2003:
Can you recommend a company or individual who is competent ( and reasonable
$$$ ) in translating technical documents from Mandarin Chinese into English.
I'm also seeking someone capable of translating technical documents from
English to Portuguese or Mandarin Chinese to Portuguese.
Preferably looking for a west coast entity but it is not required.

I suggest you post your enquiry on the newsgroup:
sci.lang.translation.marketplace
-- 
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Re: Unity Power Factor

2003-01-31 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Ken Javor ken.ja...@emccompliance.com wrote
(in 0h9j008afer...@mtaout03.icomcast.net) about 'Unity Power Factor'
on Thu, 30 Jan 2003:
Yes I am in the US so clearly I must have been mistaken.  Seriously, when 
that business started in 1989 there were relatively few PCs in use there.
PC cubes were  scattered throughout the building that people could use on
an as-needed basis.  By 1995, every engineer's cube had a PC running all day
long. 

Yes, a similar thing happened in Europe. It was this *rapid* expansion
of PC deployment that frightened the European electricity suppliers.
They coped earlier with the far more gradual development of the TV park,
first persuading the TV manufacturers to give up half-wave rectifiers
and subsequently to control the harmonic emissions of very large sets.

They extrapolated the effects of the rapid expansion of PCs (and
simultaneous use of more than one TV per household) and deduced that
widespread system failures would occur in a few (5?) years (counting
from about 1989) if the emissions remained controlled only by the Class
A limits of IEC/EN60555-2. Hence the invention of 'Class D' and all the
ensuing grief. It has now been shown pretty convincingly that the
extrapolations were very pessimistic. The latest European supply
industry predictions, based on voltage distortion growth levels of the
past decade of 0.1% absolute per year (by 'absolute', I mean a growth
from, say, 4% to 4.1% at a a particular site, not from 4% to 100.1% of
4%!), is that unacceptable levels of supply disturbance will occur in 10
years time. However, there are several reasons why that 0.1% growth rate
will not be maintained over that time period, not least the effect of
IEC/EN 61000-3-2 itself, which will not be reliably measurable, in
Europe, until 2005 at the earliest. 

 It would have been interesting, in retrospect, to have taken line
voltage oscillographs at representative locations as the PC density
increased.

Yes, it would have. I have about a 20 year gap in observations of the
mains waveform here in UK, from about 1971 to 1991, when I heard about
Class D and started to study the subject closely. During that time, the
flat tops developed.
-- 
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Re: EN55022:1998 + A1:2000

2003-01-31 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that drcuthbert drcuthb...@micron.com wrote (in
cfefa50c9bcad21197470001fa7eba6b14121...@ntexchange05.micron.com)
about 'EN55022:1998 + A1:2000' on Wed, 29 Jan 2003:
And I have used an MFJ-259B (only
$260) to measure ferrites from 1.7 to 170 MHz.  

What is an MFJ-259B and where can I buy one?
-- 
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Re: EN55022:1998 and telecom ports

2003-01-31 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that richwo...@tycoint.com wrote (in 846BF526A205F8
4BA2B6045BBF7E9A6A04675BB4@flbocexu05) about 'EN55022:1998 and telecom
ports' on Thu, 30 Jan 2003:
EN55022:1998 defines telecommunication ports as  Ports which are intended
to be connected to telecommunications networks (e.g. public switched
telecommunication networks, integrated services digital networks), local
area networks (e.g. Ethernet, token ring) and similar networks.

Since similar networks are included, it would seem that dissimilar
networks are excluded. What distinguishes a similar network to a dissimilar
network? What are some examples of dissimilar networks that are not
included? 

Yes, well, CISPR/F (responsible for the underlying CISPR 22 standard)
should have a *functioning* editing committee with enough experience and
insight to weed out such phrases. List of examples are always
troublesome in one way or another, and in any case MUST not be
'unterminated', by ending in 'etc.' or 'and similar', etc. (;-)
-- 
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Re: Circuit Breaker Tripping Dring Fault Tests

2003-01-31 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Peter L. Tarver peter.tar...@sanmina-sci.com
wrote (in nebbkemlgllmjofmoplekehbedaa.peter.tar...@sanmina-sci.com)
about 'Circuit Breaker Tripping Dring Fault Tests' on Thu, 30 Jan 2003:

John -

That impedance value is suprisingly high, 


It applies to 230 V 50 Hz systems only. SC77A/WG2 has been given a too
limited amount of data on 120 V 60 Hz systems to deduce a reference
value, but it seems to be rather less than half the 230 V value, because
permitted voltage tolerances in 120 V systems tend to be +/-5%, less
than in Europe (6 to 10%).

but tends to
support the contention that the fault current at an outlet
will be much lower than was suggested (65kA, which, to me,
appeared more like a peak surge current than a fault
current).

Yes, 65 kA is way too high.

For those interested, below are what the IEC Web Store has
to say about IEC 60725.

Title: Considerations on reference impedances for use in
determining the disturbance characteristics of household
appliances and similar electrical equipment

Abstract: Records the information that was available and the
factors that were taken into account in arriving at the
reference impedance of 0.4+ j 0.25 ohm which has been
incorporated in IEC 60555. Has the status of a technical
report.

A revision is under way. Postpone your buying decision.(;-)

It doesn't alter the reference impedance but adds information of
calculating the impedances of (particularly) higher-current services,
applicable to any system voltage and permitted voltage variation.

0.5 Ohm seems large for a flexible cord.

0.5 ohms is 0.2 ohm total for the two conductors of the flexible plus
0.3 ohm total for the two conductors of the feed to the wall socket. All
in a 230 V system. It's just an example. 
-- 
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Re: single fault conditions

2003-01-31 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that boconn...@t-yuden.com wrote (in F7E9180F6F7F58
40858d3db815e4f7ad1f2...@cms21.t-yuden.com) about 'single fault
conditions' on Wed, 29 Jan 2003:

The environment being considered is a switching power supply. The technique
that safety agencies use to simulate a SFC on a power FET does not seem,
IMHO, to simulate the actual failure mode of the device. To wit: when the
mosfet fails short, it blows itself open; so the amount of current sucked
out of mains, e.g., the PFC FET, would probably open the component after a
few input cycles. But if I apply a direct mechanical short (source to
drain), current is being forced to flow until the fuse blows, or until some
series trace or component opens.

Agreed.

The Bad: some FETs fail very violently, and can actually be a fire hazard
and/or shock hazard in open-frame switchers;

Really? There doesn't seem to be enough combustible material to cause a
fire hazard, and an open-frame switcher always has to be in some sort of
outer enclosure, doesn't it? So it's not clear how a shock hazard could
arise.

 but if the FET itself does not
provide the short circuit, we will never know

Indeed: the external short-circuit doesn't simulate the device failure.

The Good: providing a continuous (mechanical) short will reveal if there
are other components in the current path that could be cause the unit to
fail in an unsafe mode. 
Agreed.

Although, according to QA records, these components
have never failed, so it can be both demonstrated by design equations and
empirical evidence that the SFC test does necessarily demonstrate anything
relevant...

The Ugly: Safety testing results in design corrections that do not increase
product safety.

So would it be legitimate to over-drive the gate, forcing short circuit
current to flow through the FET, but not to apply a mechanical short across
the component? Experiences  comments are appreciated.

Doesn't the gate-to-drain short simulate this reasonably well?
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
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Re: single fault conditions

2003-01-31 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that boconn...@t-yuden.com wrote (in F7E9180F6F7F58
40858d3db815e4f7ad1f2...@cms21.t-yuden.com) about 'single fault
conditions' on Thu, 30 Jan 2003:

I am also concerned that there are products on the market, tested in good 
faith, that would be unsafe for a more probable SFC, that would not be 
tested for, in accordance with existing standards.

If you find the existing standards inadequate, bring your proposals for
new tests to your national standards committee for onward transmission
to IEC.
-- 
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Re: UK DTI applying generic standard to test hair dryer for conformity

2003-01-31 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Paul Chan ncc...@tuvps.com.hk wrote (in
006901c2c801$82c70a00$27086...@tuvglobal.com) about 'UK DTI applying
generic standard to test hair dryer for conformity' on Thu, 30 Jan 2003:
I have read a news regarding on 3 Sept 02, UK Department of Trade Industry
(DTI) applied EMC Generic standard EN50081-1 Radiated Emission to test for
compliance on a AC Hair dryer, which claimed to interfere TV reception.  The
hair dryer failed the test and the importer was prosecuted by violation of
EMC Directive.

You will find more information on this case at:
 http://www.compliance-club.org 
if you follow links. The press reports were not entirely accurate. There
were safety issues **as well as a lack of co-operation by the
manufacturer**.

Should the product be covered by EN55014-1 already?  Please comment.

Yes, what has been shown is that the standard is inadequate, since it
does not control emissions in the UHF TV bands. Steps are being taken to
deal with this. 

However, anyone who markets a hair-dryer that clearly interferes with TV
is not exactly sensible, do you think? It isn't as if you need a test-
house to find that problem!
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
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Re: Unity Power Factor

2003-01-30 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Ken Javor ken.ja...@emccompliance.com wrote
(in 0h9h00l4ovp...@mtaout02.icomcast.net) about 'Unity Power Factor'
on Wed, 29 Jan 2003:

I noticed this several years ago at
the office building I worked in at the time.  My cube moved from one end of
the building to another, and my computer wouldn't always start - it took
several tries.  I brought in a scope, and saw that the ac voltage waveform
was flattened.  It was more flattened at my new cube than at my old one.
Clearly this is related to power supplies recharging filter caps at the peak
of the ac waveform, and the relative distance from the building main breaker
at the two different cubes.  This is a power/crest factor issue, not
directly a harmonic issue, although drawing current only near the peak of
the waveform will definitely generate harmonics.

Aren't you in the USA? If so, you must have imagined the peak-
flattening. I am assured by the US experts on SC77A/WG1 that this
phenomenon is unknown in USA, and the only effect of IEC/EN 61000-3-2 is
that it increases the prices of PCs dramatically and keeps US products
out of Europe. To which my answer is 'McEnroe!' (YCNBS!)

At least, they argued that way for about 10 years. The present US chums
are far more sensible. Even so, 'peak flattening' rarely figures in
their vocabulary.
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
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Re: Circuit Breaker Tripping Dring Fault Tests

2003-01-30 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Peter L. Tarver peter.tar...@sanmina-sci.com
wrote (in nebbkemlgllmjofmoplegegaedaa.peter.tar...@sanmina-sci.com)
about 'Circuit Breaker Tripping Dring Fault Tests' on Wed, 29 Jan 2003:
In a typical household operating at 120V, it's unlikely
that a fault current available to Pluggable Equipment Type A
will be much above 5kA, even if the outlet supplying the
equipment is within 5 ft. of the service entrance.  In a
typical household operating at 240V, the available fault
current will be somewhat higher (approximately doubled +).

H'mm. IEC 60725 gives a 'reference impedance' (a sort of weighted
average, omitting extreme values) for a 230 V 50 Hz 100 A service-rating
household supply as 0.47 ohms at the service entry.   Allowing another
0.5 ohms for the mains wiring and the flexible mains lead, we get 230 V
and 0.97 ohms at the appliance, giving a prospective short-circuit
current of about 240 A. The appliance fuse should be able to interrupt
that without exploding.

UK plug-top fuses are tested to break 6000 A safely, though.
-- 
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Re: EN55022:1998 + A1:2000

2003-01-29 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Chris Maxwell chris.maxw...@nettest.com wrote
(in 83d652574e7af740873674f9fc12dbaaf7e...@utexh1w2.gnnettest.com)
about 'EN55022:1998 + A1:2000' on Wed, 29 Jan 2003:

If the standard is assuming a 50 Ohm system, doesn't this breakdown to a
simple 
calculation?

Quite possibly, but it *isn't* a 50 ohm system. The device should absorb
the energy passing down the cable, not reflect it, so it should match
the impedance of the cable/ground propagator well. This propagator has
traditionally been assumed to have a characteristic impedance of 150
ohms.

In an earlier post, I said that the transfer attenuation is
'irrelevant', and it escaped before I could correct it. It wouldn't be
irrelevant if it were 3 dB, say, because that would mean that only half
the energy was absorbed. So, it would be fairer to say that the
attenuation is 'of secondary importance' compared with the input
impedance, because if the impedance is far out, the energy never gets
into the device, so can't be absorbed.
-- 
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Re: Declaration of Conformity

2003-01-29 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Scott Douglas dougl...@naradnetworks.com
wrote (in 5.0.2.1.2.20030129141347.00a63...@pop.business.earthlink.net
) about 'Declaration of Conformity' on Wed, 29 Jan 2003:
Please forgive my mental lapse here. I know this subject has come 
up before. This is a question of what to do with the Declaration of 
Conformity for the EU.

So please tell me what you do.

Do you put a CE mark on the outside of the box?

It's a good idea to do so; it keeps the Customs fingers out of the box.

 Is this in lieu of 
the D of C?

Absolutely not.

Do you put the D of C on the outside of the box?

Not normally. I see no reason to do so.

Do you put the D of C inside the box on separate paper?

If you want to, or print it in the instruction book. Most safety
standards *require* an instruction book to be provided.

Do you put the D of C in (on) a CD ROM and no paper in the box?

It's a few lines of text. Why would you put it on a CD-ROM?

Do you include the D of C with Customs papers only?

It is highly advisable to include it with shipping documents, but 'only'
is too definite.
-- 
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Re: RTTE directive.

2003-01-29 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Gary McInturff Gary.McInturff@worldwidepackets
.com wrote (in 4e9a9436c008314eaa32033b23e96fd90b0...@thorondor.wwp.co
m) about 'RTTE directive.' on Wed, 29 Jan 2003:
Anybody have a link to peruse and purchase this, and a brief synopsis.

Replied to a previous e-mail question, by e-mail.
-- 
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Re: EN55022:1998 + A1:2000

2003-01-29 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Gert Gremmen g.grem...@cetest.nl wrote (in
mpeeiccjhhndekobpnnbmeegckaa.g.grem...@cetest.nl) about 'EN55022:1998
+ A1:2000' on Wed, 29 Jan 2003:

Proposals are on their way to specify
both transfer attenuation (first) and
input CM impedance of those clamps  (later)
The radiation properties of the exposed wire will
vary widely depending on the CM load impedance.
The attenuation characteristic is to isolate
auxilary wire (and signal) from the test setup.

When we discussed this in the UK committee, it was pointed out that this
clamp is NOT a filter and its transfer attenuation is irrelevant. It is
*intended* to absorb energy propagating down the cable, so it is the
*input impedance* that matters.

AIUI, even though that is so, because CISPR/I (G?) specified a transfer
attenuation, CISPR 16-1 will continue to specify a value for this
irrelevant property!
-- 
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Re: Unity Power Factor

2003-01-29 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Rich Nute ri...@sdd.hp.com wrote (in
200301291623.iaa07...@epgc264.sdd.hp.com) about 'Unity Power Factor'
on Wed, 29 Jan 2003:



Hi John:


   In the USA, this has largely been fixed by a change in
   the USA National Electrical Code.  
   
   There must be quite a number of installations that are not yet upgraded.

Where a problem existed, it was fixed by pulling
another neutral.

Yes, we do that, too.

   Are there any other problems appearing in the field which can be
   reliably determined as due to concentrations of non-linear loads of less
   than 3 kVA or so?

Probably not.

The only other problem that I know of is distribution
transformer overheating.  But, I believe such 
transformers are very much larger than 3 kVA, so 3 kVA
of non-linear loads would have very little effect. 

I mean *concentrations* of loads, individually below 3 kVA or so.
Distribution transformer overheating is the sort of effect that I am
interested in. Are these MV/LV transformers, 'pole-pig' types or larger.
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
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Re: Unity Power Factor

2003-01-29 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Rich Nute ri...@sdd.hp.com wrote (in
200301281747.jaa29...@epgc264.sdd.hp.com) about 'Unity Power Factor'
on Tue, 28 Jan 2003:




Hi John:


   No, this is not much of an issue for the U.S. (unless your facility
is 
   actually affecting the utility);
   
   ... or frying the neutral conductors with third-harmonic current.

In the USA, this has largely been fixed by a change in
the USA National Electrical Code.  

There must be quite a number of installations that are not yet upgraded.

When the load is largely electronic (off-line rectifiers)
the Code now requires a larger neutral conductor in three-
phase distributions.

Yes, we do that in UK as well, for new installations. In some cases, the
neutral, which is the same size as the phase conductors, is supplemented
by another conductor, because the neutral current can, in an extreme
case, exceed the phase current.

Many constructions, while supplied from a three-phase source,
are wired as single-phase.  So, in this case, the neutral
only carries the current of one phase, and we don't fry
the neutral.

That is a good solution. 

Are there any other problems appearing in the field which can be
reliably determined as due to concentrations of non-linear loads of less
than 3 kVA or so?
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
Interested in professional sound reinforcement and distribution? Then go to 
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Re: Applicabilty of Flicker Standard

2003-01-28 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that don_borow...@selinc.com wrote (in
ofae2c2f5d.695d080d-on88256cbc.00568...@selinc.com) about
'Applicabilty of Flicker Standard' on Tue, 28 Jan 2003:

We are trying to figure out the applicability of 61000-3-3 Flicker Standard
to the power supply in our product. We have a device that may be hard
wired into the public low voltage (230 V) mains under certain
circumstances, and has no mains switch. Given this, it appears that the
maximum relative voltage change dmax shall not exceed 4% (61000-3-3,
Section 5, Limits, condition a.) since it is energized immediately on
restoration of supply after a power supply interruption.

Question 1: Does the 4% dmax include the inrush upon restoration of supply,
or does it apply only to voltage changes caused by changes in current
demand during operation (after inrush)?

It includes the inrush current. The standard is NOT only about flicker;
this impression is due to the less-than-generalized title. It is about
all sorts of **voltage changes** impressed on to the supply by loads.
See the Amendment for better information on inrush current.

To make things even messier, the device in question is a control for a
power distribution recloser (over 1 kV). During a fault, it might demand
enough current to exceed 4% dmax when operating the recloser. The public
low voltage powering the control would almost certainly be derived from the
high voltage system being switched by the recloser.

Question 2: Do we need to meet the 61000-3-3 limits during recloser
operation (most likely fault conditions)?

Probably not if it is installed within a utility's site. AIUI, any low-
voltage supply there is not a 'public' supply. If it can be installed in
a user's premises, then the low-voltage supply might not be derived from
the MV supply being switched (in a big hospital, for example, which has
two separate HV or MV supplies for reliability). In that case, the
standard applies.
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
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Re: EN61000-4-3:2002

2003-01-28 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that richwo...@tycoint.com wrote (in 846BF526A205F8
4BA2B6045BBF7E9A6A04675B9C@flbocexu05) about 'EN61000-4-3:2002' on Tue,
28 Jan 2003:
Can anyone verify that EN61000-4-3:2000 does not contain common
modifications to the IEC document - i.e., they are identical?

I can't find an issue dated '2000'. The 2002 edition contains no Common
Modifications. The standard which it supersedes on 2005-04-01 is EN
61000-4-3:1996 + A1:1998 + A2:2001.
-- 
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Re: 'DOW' of standards

2003-01-28 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that iun...@servomex.com wrote (in OF3F94F3F0.6C74C
b86-on80256cbc.004d2...@servomex.co.uk) about ''DOW' of standards' on
Tue, 28 Jan 2003:
The  OJ for the LVD (page C317/73) gives 1.1.2004 as being the date beyond
 which   IEC   61010-1:1990/A2:1995  can  no  longer  be  used  to  presume
 conformance  with the requirements of this Directive. After this date, can
 equipment  previously  assessed to this standard still be marketed without
 reassessment to the new standard (IEC 61010-1:2001)? If so, until when?

No, that's what 'dow' means. After that date, it's the new standard or
nothing. You might find it helpful to search for my post on 'docopocoss'
(Date Of Cessation Of Presumption Of Conformity Of the Superseded
Standard). I'd put it on my web site if I could remember the URL. (;-)

 Between  1.4.2001  (the  'dow' of IEC 61010-1:1990+A1:1992 (Modified)) and
 1.1.2004   (the   dow   of   IEC  61010-1:1990/A2:1995),  can  either  IEC
 61010-1:1990/A2:1995  or  IEC  61010-1:2001 be used to presume conformance
 with the requirements of LVD?

Yes.
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
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Re: Unity Power Factor

2003-01-28 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that boconn...@t-yuden.com wrote (in F7E9180F6F7F58
40858d3db815e4f7ad1f2...@cms21.t-yuden.com) about 'Unity Power Factor'
on Mon, 27 Jan 2003:
No, this is not much of an issue for the U.S. (unless your facility is 
actually affecting the utility);

... or frying the neutral conductors with third-harmonic current.

 but I have read that the EC is currently 
engaged is some interesting emission requirements discussions (Mr.
Woodgate 
should probably jump in...).

There is nothing going on in Europe with regard to mains harmonic
current emissions. IEC/EN 61000-3-2 is in effect, as it has been for a
while now. 

There is new work going on in IEC, but don't hold your breath. The fully
revised IEC 61000-3-2 is expected to be published in 2006, and if so,
might become mandatory, as EN 61000-3-2, in 2010. No-one expects its
technical provisions to be startlingly different from those of the
current standard with the Millennium Amendment.
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
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Re: Unity Power Factor

2003-01-28 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that don_macart...@selinc.com wrote (in OF26C3658E.
a50db9b6-on88256cbb.00613...@selinc.com) about 'Unity Power Factor' on
Mon, 27 Jan 2003:
Why are  so many U.S. manufacturers using Unity Power Factor correctors in
low wattage power supplies?

Are there any U.S. requirements for Harmonics or they just trying to meet
CE mark requirements (devices rated  75W)?

Well, there's IEEE519. But there's also 'hot neutrals', due to 3rd (9th,
15th...) harmonic currents adding in-phase in the neutral, which occurs
in USA whereas the other European problems with harmonics don't occur so
much, because the distribution system is different.

Countries outside Europe are gradually adopting IEC 61000-3-2 under
emission regulations.
-- 
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High-currrent resistors and inductors - preferably variable

2003-01-27 Thread John Woodgate

One of my IEC colleagues, from a very large company, sent this enquiry:

I am interested in locating
suppliers that can provide variable impedance elements (Ztest  Zref)
needed to test to EN 61000-3-11. The range of Ztest, at 50 Hz, may have
to be Ztest = (0.10 - 0.25) + j(0.10 - 0.25) with 75 A per phase.
I have located one supplier in the US, with a possible additional one
that may be acceptable.
I would like to have a European source if possible. Any information that
you can provided in this regard will be greatly appreciated.

Either send me e-mail or put a message here. 
My e-mail is jmw(AT)jmwa.demon.co.[DELETE.]uk
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
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Re: DEMKO high voltage spacing requirements

2003-01-26 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Garry Hojan gho...@regulatory-compliance.com
wrote (in 000901c2c55a$d444c380$6401a8c0@hppav) about 'DEMKO high
voltage spacing requirements' on Sun, 26 Jan 2003:
By the way Paul, above is how we try to make participants in the forum feel
welcome :)

I didn't mean it to come over in that way, but I was mystified by the
references to vintage stuff like 'DEMKO approval' and '220 V'.

You may know, if you lurk here regularly, that I always try to be
helpful.
-- 
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Re: DEMKO high voltage spacing requirements

2003-01-25 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Denomme, Paul S. paul.deno...@viasystems.com
wrote (in 21D70CCF72025B4E8013D5FF8E7B598C8D3791@amrmmsg3) about
'DEMKO high voltage spacing requirements' on Fri, 24 Jan 2003:

I am in the process of designing a board that needs to receive DEMKO
approval.  

There is no such thing as 'DEMKO approval' any more. If you want to
export to Denmark, the product must meet the requirements established
under the European Low Voltage Directive, just as for any EU country.

This board will have 220VAC directly connected to it through a
connector.  Can anyone tell me what the spacing requirements would be for
this board?  The board will be conformally coated to minimize the spacing
requirements.  Also, anyone have experience regarding issues that may come
up in  regards to the connector?  

You need to buy the standard that applies to your product. There are
may, many issues apart from the mains circuit clearances. Also, the
European mains voltage is 230 V now, not 220 V. 

Where have you been for the last 10 years?
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
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Re: Acoustic noise calculations for multiple shelves

2003-01-22 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Neil Helsby nei...@solid-state-logic.com
wrote (in 20030122.8281...@mis.configured.host) about 'Acoustic noise
calculations for multiple shelves' on Wed, 22 Jan 2003:
The simple answer is that the result will be logarithmic – double the 
noise and you add 6 dB. 

The noises are uncorrelated (largely), so you add 3 dB, not 6.
-- 
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Re: jurisdiction, overlap, and delegation in USA rules.

2003-01-21 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Peter L. Tarver peter.tar...@sanmina-sci.com
wrote (in nebbkemlgllmjofmoplemebiedaa.peter.tar...@sanmina-sci.com)
about 'jurisdiction, overlap, and delegation in USA rules.' on Tue, 21
Jan 2003:
 That's what I meant by 'delegated'

Except that there is no delegation.  Rather, the case is one
of supersession:  municipal to county to state to federal,
in that order.  Generally, the higher level of government
trumps the lower.  However, a number of complaints and
court cases have been brought by the lower governmental
bodies against higher levels of government for treading on
their jurisdiction where they have questionable legal basis
to.

OK, this is a semantic issue. IMHO, 'delegation' is the appropriate word
if there is a written law that prescribes how authority is allocated.
If, OTOH, it is a situation like English 'common law', which is not
necessarily written as a statute but stems from tradition and case law,
then 'supersession' may be the better word. I *think* that the autonomy
of the US states is of that nature, the federal Constitution simply
affirming what was already established.
-- 
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Re: EN 55022:1998 +Amendment A1:2000

2003-01-21 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that John Barnes jrbar...@iglou.com wrote (in
3e2d8c13.7...@iglou.com) about 'EN 55022:1998 +Amendment A1:2000' on
Tue, 21 Jan 2003:
But if we are testing a product that uses a wall wart direct plug-in
power supply, do we need to bother with the ferrite clamps/tubes?  

My interpretation is that we don't, because the AC/DC cord from the wall
wart is not a mains cable, nor a connection to auxiliary equipment
located outside the test area.

How do the rest of you interpret this requirement?

Put the clamp on the power cable that feeds whatever the wall-wart is
plugged into. If you do not, the product may fail the test.
-- 
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Re: jurisdiction, overlap, and delegation in USA rules.

2003-01-21 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Rich Nute ri...@sdd.hp.com wrote (in
200301210304.taa03...@hpsdlxs0.sdd.hp.com) about 'jurisdiction,
overlap, and delegation in USA rules.' on Mon, 20 Jan 2003:



Hi John:


   The electrical safety legislation seems to be a bit more complicated in 
U.S.
   compared to EU.
   
   A very great deal more complicated, because the practical requirements
   are not centralized but delegated down though the local government
   chain, and in some cases jurisdictions overlap or are not clearly
   segregated.

I'm not at all sure what you mean by 

the practical requirements are not centralized

I mean that they are not uniform over the whole country, AIUI. Some AHJs
stick closely to the NEC, some apply their own 'improvements', or so I
have read here.

Furthermore, in the USA, requirements are NOT 

delegated down though the local government chain

Furthermore, there are NO cases where 

jurisdictions overlap or are not clearly segregated.

Depending on the State, building codes are set and enforced by
either the State, the County, or the City.  These are the
jurisdictions. 

That's what I meant by 'delegated'

 There is no jurisdictional overlap or lack 
of clear segregation (at least insofar as building codes are 
concerned).

I'm sure I read here about different attitudes to DIY modifications at
City, County and State levels, each level claiming authority - no
response like 'We don't have jurisdiction; you have to ask City about
that'. 

If that is an urban legend, I have been misled, but no-one challenged it
at the time.

[snip]
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
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Re: SV: SV: NRTL in the U.S.

2003-01-18 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Amund Westin am...@westin-emission.no wrote
(in lfenjlpmmjbmhpeibnilmebgckaa.am...@westin-emission.no) about 'SV:
SV: NRTL in the U.S.' on Fri, 17 Jan 2003:

The electrical safety legislation seems to be a bit more complicated in U.S.
compared to EU.

A very great deal more complicated, because the practical requirements
are not centralized but delegated down though the local government
chain, and in some cases jurisdictions overlap or are not clearly
segregated.
-- 
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Re: SV: NRTL in the U.S.

2003-01-18 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that drcuthbert drcuthb...@micron.com wrote (in
cfefa50c9bcad21197470001fa7eba6b14121...@ntexchange05.micron.com)
about 'SV: NRTL in the U.S.' on Fri, 17 Jan 2003:

For example, UL 60950 the same as EN 60950. 

Are you sure? I agree that much of the content is the same, but I think
there are still some differences. It's also necessary to be specific
about which editions are compared.
-- 
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Re: SV: NRTL in the U.S.

2003-01-17 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Amund Westin am...@westin-emission.no wrote
(in lfenjlpmmjbmhpeibnilaeapckaa.am...@westin-emission.no) about 'SV:
NRTL in the U.S.' on Fri, 17 Jan 2003:

Just for a few seconds forget the customers requirements, is it therefore a
correct interpretation that electrical equipment (ITE, household appliances,
radio transmitters, etc) must be certified in order to follow the U.S. laws

I think you really already had the strictly correct answer, but it's
over-complicated. 

The practical answer is that it's much better to have certification than
not to have it, unless the cost of certification would make your product
uncompetitive against other, uncertified products in competition with
yours.
-- 
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Video Cameras for EMC Test Monitoring

2003-01-16 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Price, Ed ed.pr...@cubic.com wrote (in
b78135310217d511907c0090273f5190d0b...@curly.ds.cubic.com) about
'Video Cameras for  EMC Test Monitoring' on Wed, 15 Jan 2003:
I wish there was some remote way to suppress the IR illuminators.

Can't you just put duct tape over them, if you are not expecting to use
them?
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
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Re: EN 61000-4-4 Amd 2

2003-01-15 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Sam Wismer swis...@acstestlab.com wrote (in
001f01c2bcb1$04fce0f0$0b01000a@sam) about 'EN 61000-4-4 Amd 2' on Wed,
15 Jan 2003:

Normally with a new standard, all equipment still in production on or
after the date an existing standard is withdrawn, for which the
equipment was tested, and a revised one goes into force, the equipment
must be shown to comply with the new standard. 

Does this also apply to equipment that was evaluated with a burst
generator that does not meet the new verification requirements of Amd 2
of the revised -4-4 standard?

What does the Generic or Product-family standard that calls up the Basic
standard say? If it doesn't call up Amendment A2, you don't need to re-
test, unless it has an *undated* reference to EN 61000-4-4. In any case,
the unamended (by Amdt A2) standard doesn't become inadmissible until
2004-07-01.

You amy also take into account the consequences of the generator not
conforming to Amendment 2. If those consequences can be shown to be
insignificant, and you keep a record of that assessment, you don't need
to re-test.
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
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Re: Draft RoH Directive

2003-01-14 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that richwo...@tycoint.com wrote (in 846BF526A205F8
4BA2B6045BBF7E9A6A04675B13@flbocexu05) about 'Draft RoH Directive' on
Tue, 14 Jan 2003:
Thus, it appears that, unless the draft
Directive is revised or amended, the maximum allowable concentration values
of the banned substances are zero parts per million. Am I reading this
correctly?

I really don't think so. Why don't you suggest zero parts per trillion?
Octillion? 'No limit' means *NO* limit, not *zero* limit.
-- 
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Re: Alternatives to Brominated Fire Retardants

2003-01-14 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that richwo...@tycoint.com wrote (in 846BF526A205F8
4BA2B6045BBF7E9A6A04675B15@flbocexu05) about 'Alternatives to
Brominated Fire Retardants' on Tue, 14 Jan 2003:

Does anyone know of web sites or other sources that describe feasible
alternatives to bominated fire retardants in plastics?

Not bominated but abominated.

By no means all brominated flame-retardants are controlled. The ones
that are still allowed tend to be more costly.
-- 
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Re: Fiber optic cable testing per EN 55022:1998 ?

2003-01-12 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Gary McInturff Gary.McInturff@worldwidepackets
.com wrote (in 917063bab0ddb043af5faa73c7a835d401de2...@windlord.wwp.C
OM) about 'Fiber optic cable testing per EN 55022:1998 ?' on Sun, 12
Jan 2003:

Its during the immunity portion that is under question, and throwing a fiber 
cable into a trench to inject noise isn't purposeful.

I'm sure you know what you mean, but I don't.
-- 
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Re: IEC vs. EN

2003-01-11 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Sam Wismer swis...@acstestlab.com wrote (in
000501c2b98b$166cb190$0b01000a@sam) about 'IEC vs. EN' on Sat, 11 Jan
2003:
Thanks for the clarification.  Is there any documentation to that
affect, or is it common practice to apply the EN transition period to
the IEC basic standard that may be called for in the applied generic or
ps standard?

Look at the introductory text of Annex ZA of the ENs.  As I said, it's
not very clear, but that is what we have.

The transition period of any EN comes from the Commission, formally
recorded in the Official Journal, although the dow in the Foreword of
the EN is normally consistent with it. It's not just 'common practice'
to apply it, it's the official procedure.

  Also, why do some Generic or PS standards call for the IEC
version instead of the EN version, especially if called for from an EN
version?

Because CENELEC simply clones the IEC text without change (unless there
are Common Modifications or CENELEC-only amendments), and implements the
changes to the normative references by means of Annex ZA. 
-- 
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Re: Fiber optic cable testing per EN 55022:1998 ?

2003-01-11 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Juhasz, John (IndSys, GE Interlogix)
john.juh...@ge.com wrote (in 4606624A2A8ABE41AFBA5F8306F2ECB203611C@F
TWMLVEM01.e2k.ad.ge.com) about 'Fiber optic cable testing per EN
55022:1998 ?' on Fri, 10 Jan 2003:

Is there anyone subscribed to this forum who is on 
the EN 55022 committee who could possibly shed light on this?

Emission testing according to CISPR 22 requires the product to be
configured in an attempt to maximise emissions. This means that all or
most cables are connected, since most emission normally comes from
cables. If some of these cables are fibre-optic, so be it.
-- 
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Re: Fiber optic cable testing per EN 55022:1998 ?

2003-01-11 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that drcuthbert drcuthb...@micron.com wrote (in
cfefa50c9bcad21197470001fa7eba6b14121...@ntexchange05.micron.com)
about 'Fiber optic cable testing per EN 55022:1998 ?' on Fri, 10 Jan
2003:

Chris,
some excellent points! My take on this is that a fiber optical cable has a
cutoff frequency that is way above the RF frequencies we are concerned
with. It just won't act as a waveguide for what we consider RF wavelengths.
However, I think the optical cable certainly does leak a bit at light
wavelengths. 

That's a surprise; what evidence do you have?

It seems like one could perform light emissions and
susceptibility testing. Now most of our light wave communications use
cables. Sort of like if all RF communications was done in copper. With
nothing intentionally radiated, and with the cables operating as very poor
antennas, we might have no need for emission and susceptibility testing. On
the other hand, the FCC does not regulate radiated optical communications.
Maybe it's time to do so. With laser range finders, optical radar, IR remote
control, and other primitive devices we are accumulating pollution of this
part of the EM spectrum. Reminds me of spark transmitters spewing RF over a
wide frequency range.

Street lights are the spark transmitters of the visible spectrum.


Shouldn't an optical cable with a metal sheath be treated just like any
other cable? Hook it up during EMC testing?

Yes, ALL cables, of whatever sort, are to be connected during testing.

And as you point out, where is the transition from RF to light? RF
generation methods (such as gyrotrons, seem to peter out at wavelengths of
1000 microns while visible light begins at 0.7 microns. There seems to be a
huge no man's land in the EM spectrum. 

Look up 'far infra-red'. This part of the spectrum is flooded with
thermal radiation from objects at normal temperatures. But sources and
detectors do exist.
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
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Re: Fiber optic cable testing per EN 55022:1998 ?

2003-01-11 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Chris Maxwell chris.maxw...@nettest.com wrote
(in 83d652574e7af740873674f9fc12dbaaf7e...@utexh1w2.gnnettest.com)
about 'Fiber optic cable testing per EN 55022:1998 ?' on Fri, 10 Jan
2003:
So where is the crossover point?  Does it have to do with skin depth? 
Maybe 
the photoelectric effect?  Why don't we talk about photons at 1Ghz? 

Pragmatically, because there is no need to. Radio astronomers probably
find that their parsecage may vary. (;-)

  Is it just 
because we don't have a material with the correct band gap to produce a 1Ghz 
photon? 

I don't know whether anything will work in a MASER at 1 GHz, but there
is at 1.44 GHz, AIUI. Whether there could be an LED analogue working at
much lower frequencies seems a good question. Electron energy
transitions with low enough energies can occur between the outer shells
of heavy atoms, but whether electron/hole recombinations can occur with
such low energies is another matter..

  On the other hand, can free electrons be conducted at light 
frequencies; or isn't there a material with enough of a skin depth at such 
frequencies? 

The conduction need not necessarily be in a solid.

  Anybody want to take a stab at enlightening(no pun intended)

Oh, please intend it!

 us 
all on this one?  

Try sci.physics
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
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Re: IEC vs. EN

2003-01-11 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Sam Wismer swis...@acstestlab.com wrote (in
001001c2b8c4$7df00d20$0b01000a@sam) about 'IEC vs. EN' on Fri, 10 Jan
2003:
Case in point:  EN 61000-4-4 Amd. 2 DoW for the superseded standard is
7/04 
however EN55024 calls out IEC 61000-4-4.

No, it only appears to. Because it's a clone of CISPR 24, its Normative
References clause refers to IEC standards. But Annex ZA (not very
clearly) replaces those references by the corresponding EN.


  Is IEC 61000-4-4 amd. 2 in force 
now and should it be used now when EN55024 is the applied standard? 

No. The EN transition period applies. Industry cannot work with
standards that come into effect instantaneously and without prior
notice.
-- 
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Re: European 3 Phase

2003-01-11 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that ggars...@us.tuv.com wrote (in OFE36B9C6E.F1FBF
989-on86256caa.0078d...@us.tuv.com) about 'European 3 Phase' on Fri, 10
Jan 2003:
It may or may not be that the BSI document is better, I do not have a
copy. The DoC (Dept of Commerce, in this case) document is free. 

In that case, it is infinitely better than the BSI document, which is
not free. (;-)
-- 
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Re: Fiber optic cable testing per EN 55022:1998 ?

2003-01-10 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Hans Mellberg emcconsult...@yahoo.com wrote
(in 20030110005915.73808.qm...@web40903.mail.yahoo.com) about 'Fiber
optic cable testing per EN 55022:1998 ?' on Thu, 9 Jan 2003:
As a matter of fact the local SCV EMC society paper next week is about EM 
radiation
from fiber optics. No, not from the glass or plastic itself!, but from the 
metalized
reflector coating and also from the proximity of the Tx diode next to the 
connector.
Actually measurable radiation!

But these emissions are measured as part of the emissions from the
enclosure. I can't see any need to introduce any NEW tests involving the
fibre-optic cables.
-- 
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Re: EU Directives for Locomotive Switching and Communications Systems

2003-01-07 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Dave Clement david.clem...@verizon.net wrote
(in abecjpnllkeblkflnbideegjcfaa.david.clem...@verizon.net) about 'EU
Directives for Locomotive Switching and Communications Systems' on Mon,
6 Jan 2003:
I would thin the LVD and EMC
directives would apply or is there a directive specific to this type of
equipment. 

The railways have their own standards and Directives. There is an
ongoing problem of compatibility between these and the RTTED and EMCD.
Look for standards issued by CENELEC TC9X and IEC TC9.
-- 
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Re: strange symbols (to me anyway)

2003-01-06 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Hans Mellberg emcconsult...@yahoo.com wrote
(in 20030106214810.5293.qm...@web40904.mail.yahoo.com) about 'strange
symbols (to me anyway)' on Mon, 6 Jan 2003:
Aren't we already using symbols not in 417 such as the Hazard Warning 
(exclamation
in a triangle) which is an international(except US) road hazard sign?

It's in ISO 7000 - no. 0434, and it DOESN'T mean 'read the instructions'
as it is used in some editions of IEC 60950.
-- 
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Re: Sun Beds

2003-01-06 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that David Sproul david.spr...@alexanderlynn.co.uk
wrote (in lnepkcgaigehccdompbbmejecfaa.david.spr...@alexanderlynn.co.uk
) about 'Sun Beds' on Mon, 6 Jan 2003:

Could someone please advise me on the appropriate EMC and Safety 
Standards to apply to domestic sun-beds for sale in Europe and the US.
 
Have you looked at the BSI web site? 
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
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Re: DOCOPOCOSS?

2003-01-06 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Gordon,Ian ian.gor...@edwards.boc.com wrote
(in E1BA0362B28ED211A1E80008C71EA3060181920D@EXC_EAS01) about
'DOCOPOCOSS?' on Mon, 6 Jan 2003:

In the link supplied below by Peter my concern is with EN61010-1.
Will EN61010-1:1993 replace EN61010-1:1990 on 1/4/04?

I would not think so; that's an 11 year transition period, which is
highly improbable.

Does the table show that after 1/4/04 the 2001 version must be used?

That would be a normal 3-year transition period.

May both the 1993 and 2001 versions be used concurrently after 1/4/04?

Most unlikely.

By the way, are the dates quoted in the OJ dd/mm/yy or mm/dd/yy?

They *should* be (yy)yy-mm-dd, but it's very unlikely indeed that they
are mm-dd-yy, unless someone has made a BIG mistake.
-- 
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Re: EUROPEAN VOLTAGE HARMONISATION

2003-01-06 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Gordon,Ian ian.gor...@edwards.boc.com wrote
(in E1BA0362B28ED211A1E80008C71EA3060181920E@EXC_EAS01) about
'EUROPEAN VOLTAGE HARMONISATION' on Mon, 6 Jan 2003:

Does anybody know what the planned European Voltage Harmonisation levels are
(I think there is a change in tolerance) and when they will be introduced?

230 V +/- 10%. Some former '220 V' countries can't meet those limits yet
and for them, only, conformity is extended to 2008. 
-- 
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Re: strange symbols (to me anyway)

2003-01-05 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Ronald R. Wellman rwell...@wellman.com wrote
(in 5.1.0.14.2.20030105073019.009f5...@pop.registeredsite.com) about
'strange symbols (to me anyway)' on Sun, 5 Jan 2003:

Remember that we are trying to establish the origin of this for indoor 
use symbol and whether it is really necessary to use it to meet some 
regulatory or third party requirement. Actual observance and understanding 
of the symbol is another issue, regardless if it is alphanumeric or iconic. 
My reference to necessity is only to point out that there is something 
currently in place that is being used internationally in place of this symbol.

I think maybe we have been snipping too much. MY reference is to the
reason the symbol was proposed for inclusion in IEC 60417 - that it is
less incomprehensible to the general public than an IP number.

Maybe the proposal came from a country that doesn't use the Latin
alphabet, whose citizens would have even more trouble understanding
'IP'?

It does seem to be so that it is not called up in any IEC safety
standard, BUT that would be because it ISN'T (yet?) in IEC 60417. IEC
SC3C can take an awful long time to accept a symbol and standardize it.
-- 
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Re: EN 60601-1-2/ EN 55022: 1998

2003-01-05 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that John Barnes jrbar...@iglou.com wrote (in
3e184ad6.7...@iglou.com) about 'EN 60601-1-2/ EN 55022: 1998' on Sun,
5 Jan 2003:
The date of cessation of presumption
on conformity of the superseded standard (DOPOCOSS) is 1 AUG 2003. 

You left out one of the molecules of carbon monoxide: it's DOCOPOCOSS.
(;-)
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
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Re: strange symbols (to me anyway)

2003-01-04 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Lou Aiken ai...@gulftel.com wrote (in
002701c2b402$6a322280$218066d1@default) about 'strange symbols (to me
anyway)' on Sat, 4 Jan 2003:
John, I didn't word that part very well.

I don't know when the indoor use only SYMBOL came into use; that could be
recently.

I should have said the only justification I could find for using it, to
satisfy a requirement in a standard, was eliminated in CEE transformer
standards about 40 years ago.

OK, That's clear now. My understanding of the proposal to include the
'house' symbol in IEC 60417 is that, even if the meaning of the symbol
is not wholly self-evident, it is more likely to be understood than the
current official designations like 'IP31' or 'IP40'.
-- 
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Re: strange symbols (to me anyway)

2003-01-04 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Ronald R. Wellman rwell...@wellman.com wrote
(in 5.1.0.14.2.20030104081733.009f2...@pop.registeredsite.com) about
'strange symbols (to me anyway)' on Sat, 4 Jan 2003:

Many safety standards are now making reference to 
IP numbers, so this for indoor use marking is unnecessary by present day 
standards.

But will your elderly aunt understand what 'IP30' means? (Don't tell me,
she's a Supreme Court judge, of course.) (;-)
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
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Re: strange symbols (to me anyway)

2003-01-04 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Lou Aiken ai...@gulftel.com wrote (in
002c01c2b3b9$77154700$8e8066d1@default) about 'strange symbols (to me
anyway)' on Sat, 4 Jan 2003:

My guess is that the symbol came into use (due to the
translation requirement) and is still alive today even though the
requirement for it disappeared about 40 years ago - at least in the
transformer standards I have used.

I think the 'house' symbol is a NEW thing, not an old one from 40 years
ago. 
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
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Re: EN 55103 declaration

2003-01-03 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that boconn...@t-yuden.com wrote (in F7E9180F6F7F58
40858d3db815e4f7ad1f2...@cms21.t-yuden.com) about 'EN 55103
declaration' on Fri, 3 Jan 2003:

What is the rationale given for some people not accepting an EN
standard 
issued by BSI? 
My employer typically buys EN stds from BSI. Is there something different 
about BSI-printed standards? 

No, they are identical (apart from the National Foreword and things like
that) but *some people may not know that*, especially where the EN is
published in December (2000 + n) but the BS EN carries the date (2000 +
n + 1).
-- 
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Re: strange symbols (to me anyway)

2003-01-03 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Rich Nute ri...@sdd.hp.com wrote (in
200301031730.jaa10...@epgc264.sdd.hp.com) about 'strange symbols (to
me anyway)' on Fri, 3 Jan 2003:

Since one of our members could not
decipher the symbol, I question the
value of the symbol to laymen and 
therefore its inclusion in IEC 60417.

It's a characteristic shared with the vast majority of the symbols in
IEC60417. The only justification is that the alternative to using
symbols is worse - umpteen different versions with the advice and
warnings given, and controls labelled, in different languages.
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
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Re: EN 55103 declaration

2003-01-03 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that McBurney, Ian [Allen  Heath UK]
ian.mcbur...@allen-heath.com wrote (in BC4E3DA2E1C8164D9CBE2DF1595DCC
76011...@gandalf.allen-heath.com) about 'EN 55103 declaration' on Fri,
3 Jan 2003:
As a UK manufacturer and European exporter of professional electronic
audio 
products, we declare conformity with the relevant EMC product family 
standards. For testing purposes, we use EN 55103:1996 Parts 1 2 but our
EU 
Declaration of conformity states compliance with BS EN 55103:1997 Parts 1
 
2. As the majority of our products are exported to mainland Europe should
we 
specify compliance with the EN or BS EN version of the standards? 

While it is quite reasonable to cite the BS EN, some people may not
think so, thus you should cite the EN.
-- 
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Re: strange symbols (to me anyway)

2003-01-03 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Wan Juang Foo f...@np.edu.sg wrote (in
of39a8a68f.ebf7ed21-on48256ca3.00237...@np.edu.sg) about 'strange
symbols (to me anyway)' on Fri, 3 Jan 2003:
I could not by any means to stretch my limited imagination to match the
C-tick to the description offered.  I don't think that the C-tick mark
readily fit the bill, unless there is some more information about this
symbol that I do not know about.

 bottom portion of this symbol is what appears to be a
 capacitor with horizontal plates.
Since there are no such a feature in the c-tick.  Can someone shed some
more light on this?

These symbols are often very small, and the printing or moulding may be
subject to errors or distortions. For example, a continuous line may be
rendered with steps in it, and a wide line may degenerate to two thin
ones. 

It is also possible to find the occasional symbol which is intended to
deceive.
-- 
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Re: strange symbols (to me anyway)

2003-01-03 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Gary McInturff Gary.McInturff@worldwidepackets
.com wrote (in 917063bab0ddb043af5faa73c7a835d40ac...@windlord.wwp.com
) about 'strange symbols (to me anyway)' on Thu, 2 Jan 2003:
   I have a small double insulated wall wart type power supply. 120 Vac
in,  
12 Vdc out has a symbol of a house with an arrow pointing inside the house.
What 
is that symbol and whence did it come.

'Indoor use only'. It's in IEC60417 but I don't know the number.

   This one is going to be tough to describe, and is on a little wireless 
device.
   A nearly closed C. The upper half has a horizontal lightning bolt 
separating top and bottom. In the bottom portion of this symbol is what
appears 
to be a capacitor with horizontal plates. (both plates are represented by
flat 
lines rather than 1 flat and one an arc).

I don't know that one, but the IEC/ISO capacitor symbol has parallel
plates; the symbol with one arcuate plate is a US divergence from the
international standards.
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
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Re: strange symbols (to me anyway)

2003-01-03 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Rich Nute ri...@sdd.hp.com wrote (in
200301030156.raa04...@epgc264.sdd.hp.com) about 'strange symbols (to
me anyway)' on Thu, 2 Jan 2003:

It is not an ISO or IEC symbol.  

It is either in IEC60417 already or will be in the future.
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
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Re: Changes to IEEE emc-pstc web-based services

2003-01-02 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Bill Lyons b...@lyons.demon.co.uk wrote (in
97...@lyons.demon.co.uk) about 'Changes to IEEE emc-pstc web-based
services' on Thu, 2 Jan 2003:
As an alternative, if sadly EMC-PSTC does go this retrograde way, we 
could all simply move to the sci.engr.electrical.compliance (s.e.e.c)
newsgroup, which is receivable on anything from basic DOS software up 
and at any connection speed.  The only disadvantage is it is not 
moderated, but it is a pretty low traffic group and there would be no 
difficulty identifying professional contributions.

It's also free of deliberate disruption, although there are sometimes
naive questions about which cable to use for wiring power to a garage or
similar.
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
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Re: Changes to IEEE emc-pstc web-based services

2003-01-01 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Rich Nute ri...@sdd.hp.com wrote (in SR-
547...@ieeepstc.mindcruiser.com) about 'Changes to IEEE emc-pstc web-
based services' on Tue, 31 Dec 2002:
To the extent that we can, we'd 
like to move our activity to the web rather than use the 
listserver.

It seems to me that the web site system is OK for people with 'always-
on' connection, but for those of us on dial-up, especially pay-as-you-go
dial up, it will be too expensive to justify participation.
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
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Re: dmax test

2003-02-28 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that ssel...@yorkemc.co.uk wrote (in
e18ohm0-000bwv...@anchor-post-31.mail.demon.net) about 'dmax test' on
Fri, 28 Feb 2003:
I agree that switch-on is the most likely culprit in a EMC sense,  and that
the 
cooling of mitigation devices (thermistors etc) is  important. I was merely 
pointing out that the standard specifically  states:  switch off the EUT
before 
the end of the 1 min measuring  time intervalI suppose its conceivable
that 
voltage changes  could occur, it depends what a particular EUT actually does 
when  you click the switch.

A voltage change obviously occurs when the load is removed from the
supply. My point is that this change has no element of the nature of
inrush. Some might think that there is a 'outrush'!

 Maybe contact bounce comes into it?

Contact bounce and making and breaking speeds differ between switches,
which is why you must use the equipment's OWN switch to switch on and
off. When developing the test, we tried to use a solid-state relay
driven by a phase-detector that would switch at 0, 90, 180 and 270
degrees relative to a positive-going zero-crossing of the supply
voltage, because that would require just four measurements to get a
meaningful result. But we found that the equipment's own switch gave
different results (a 20% lower average inrush current in the relevant
experiments).
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
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Re: Superseded standard

2003-02-28 Thread John Woodgate


I read in !emc-pstc that McBurney, Ian [Allen  Heath UK]
ian.mcbur...@allen-heath.com wrote (in BC4E3DA2E1C8164D9CBE2DF1595DCC
76011...@gandalf.allen-heath.com) about 'Superseded standard' on Thu,
27 Feb 2003:
Can anyone tell me when products tested to EN 50082-1:1992 and still in 
production should have been retested because the 1992 standard has now
been 
superseded.

The dow for the 1992 edition is long gone. With respect to the 1998
edition, the dow in EN 6000-6-1 (yes, that's the immunity one) is
2004-07-01, so you have some breathing space BUT...

I assume any reports and declaration of conformity documents issued for 
products declaring conformity with EN 50082-1:1992 are now not legitimate.

..does your company REALLY make anything for which there is NOW no
applicable product(-family) standard for immunity? I'd be surprised.
-- 
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Re: refurbished products

2003-02-28 Thread John Woodgate


I read in !emc-pstc that Brian Epstein brian.epst...@veeco.com wrote
(in 41c71af75675d54bb97c2fadcae7f994260...@exchange.di.com) about
'refurbished products' on Thu, 27 Feb 2003: 

If a customer in the European Economic Area who purchased a product
before 
CE marking was required returns that product to the manufacturer to be 
refurbished, is that manufacturer required to make all modifications 
necessary to CE mark that product before returning it to the customer?

No, but the shipping documents in BOTH directions must state words to
the effect:

'This product was made in 1888, before applicable EU Directives existed.
It is being shipped for/after repair to as close to its original
specification as possible.'

Use the word 'REPAIR', not 'refurbish' or any other word, some of which
have specific meanings attached in Guidelines to Directives.
-- 
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Re: Sharp Object

2003-02-28 Thread John Woodgate


I read in !emc-pstc that Joshua Wiseman jwise...@printronix.com wrote
(in f503cb4657afd4119b9400508bb0d6540695c...@irvmail.printronix.com)
about 'Sharp Object' on Thu, 27 Feb 2003:

I am looking for the symbol for sharp objects.  So far I have had little 
success 
in finding it.  I have an out of date edition of IEC 417 in my office but I 
don't see it in there.  Can someone point me in the right direction.

'Sharp objects' is in an ISO standard, not IEC 60417. I'm not sure
whether it is in ISO 7000 or a special medical equipment standard.

I suggest that you go to http://www.iso.org and search. Or to your local
hospital!
-- 
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Re: dmax test

2003-02-28 Thread John Woodgate


I read in !emc-pstc that ssel...@yorkemc.co.uk wrote (in E18oS6s-
000baf...@anchor-post-31.mail.demon.net) about 'dmax test' on Thu, 27
Feb 2003:
Annex B of EN61000-3-3 says that both the switch on and switch 
off events should occur during each of the  1 minute tests.

It's a good idea to understand what the test is intended to achieve. In
this case, it's the **switch-on** that matters. There are no EMC
implications in the sense of IEC/EN 61000-3-3 of the switch-off.

If the EUT has, for example, an NTC thermistor to limit inrush current,
It is not only permitted, but intended, to allow it to cool down between
switch-on events.
-- 
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Re: D of C for medical P.S.

2003-02-26 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that boconn...@t-yuden.com wrote (in F7E9180F6F7F58
40858d3db815e4f7ad1f2...@cms21.t-yuden.com) about 'D of C for medical
P.S.' on Wed, 26 Feb 2003:
Thanks for the ideas. But as the LVD specifically precludes medical
stuff, 
how can I declare conformity? Has any NCB issued a formal recomendation 
for this particular combination?


A **power supply** is not a 'medical device', unless you intend it to be
used for ECT or electro-cautery or something similar. If it's a power
supply for any unspecified medical instrument, it's not, in itself, a
medical instrument.
-- 
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Re: D of C for medical P.S.

2003-02-26 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Jon Griver jgri...@601help.com wrote (in
3E5C9943.14190.33FECD@localhost) about 'D of C for medical P.S.' on
Wed, 26 Feb 2003:
You are right not issuing a D of C to the MDD, as your product is not a
medical 
device or an 
accessory ot a medical device.

On the other hand I see no reason not to issue a D of C to the LVD.
Compliance 
with a standard in 
the list of Harmonised Standards is not the only way to demonstrate
compliance 
with the LVD. It 
does not take very much effort to draw up a comparison table showing that the 
requirements for a 
power supply in IEC 60601-1 are more stringent than say, IEC 60950 or IEC 
61010-1. Using 
engineering judgment on this basis, I believe that you can issue a D of C to
the 
LVD, specifying 
IEC 60601-1 as the applied standard. You can present your comparison table to 
anyone who questions 
this, demonstrating the engineering basis for your declaration.

That's what I would recommend, but I don't know enough about 60601-1 to
be definite.
-- 
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Re: AC feed fail changeover relay

2003-02-26 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that bruce maule bruce.ma...@alliedtelesyn.co.nz
wrote (in se5cab2b@leo.alliedtelesyn.co.nz) about 'AC feed fail
changeover relay' on Wed, 26 Feb 2003:

I believe that this scenario is reasonably common, from talking over with our 
electrical safety test lab, but the solution of using a single relay as the 
changeover element may not be viable.

You can use a relay with two normally-open and two normally-closed
contact sets. Provided the insulation between the contact sets meets
basic-plus-supplementary or reinforced requirements, you can wire the
supplies through two contact sets in series. The contact gaps when open
may need to be 3 mm or some other minimum length, depending on your
national regulations. 
-- 
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Re: dmax test

2003-02-25 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that John Woodgate j...@jmwa.demon.co.uk wrote (in
yjwjuocwx7w+e...@jmwa.demon.co.uk) about 'dmax test' on Tue, 25 Feb
2003:
I will forward you message to someone who is in a VERY good position to
advise, but whose name I may not reveal. Watch this space.

Well, I did that and he says you are OK with what you are doing. If he
says so, it almost certainly IS so.
-- 
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Re: Custom Units in EU

2003-02-25 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Gregg Kervill gr...@test4safety.com wrote (in
dbebjpdnadnbkogldojioeejcaaa.gr...@test4safety.com) about 'Custom
Units in EU' on Tue, 25 Feb 2003:
Please re-read John - we are not is disagreement

I understand that now.

My original statement - 'ONLY If they comply to harmonized standards they
are deemed to be safe'  is correct.


H'mm. I think that the implications of the eyebrows  are not clear. A
fourth bullet point about the alternative to applying standards would
have made your point more clearly.



You statement Conformity to standards is NOT the only way of demonstrating
compliance with Directives is also correct - but they are not DEEMED nor
are they Presumed to be in compliance with the Directives.

Not 'deemed', but are 'presumed', I think. Because of your last point
below. The Notified Body cannot PROVE that the product is safe, it can
only endorse a presumption that it is.


The point that I tried (and failed) to make was that the other ways of
demonstrating compliance place a greater onus of proving (and associated
risk) upon the company PROVING safety.

Indeed; the alternative route is generally more difficult and costly,
and is only to be followed if that is not so in a particular case. 



After all - we cannot PROVE something is safe - the best we can do is to
eliminate the potential hazards that we can find.

Quite right.
-- 
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Re: dmax test

2003-02-25 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that djumbdenst...@tycoint.com wrote (in 846BF526A2
05F84BA2B6045BBF7E9A6A0532B31F@flbocexu05) about 'dmax test' on Tue, 25
Feb 2003:
We have a HP HFTS (harmonic and flicker test system) 6843A that runs the
original flicker tests.  Now 61000-3-3 requires a measurement of dmax 24
times, taking the average of 22 readings.  We have come up with a way to do
that manually using the HFTS.  I would like to present it to the group and
see if anyone sees an oversight or a better way of doing it.  I suspect the
program is the same whether you have the 1kva model or the 5kva model 6843A.

a) Create an Excel template to record 24 points of data.  Create a formula
that sums the 24 values, subtracts the max and min, and divides the result
by 22.  This value is the average dmax required by the amendment.
b)  Set up the HFTS as follows:
   Integration Periods:1
   PST Int Time:   1 minute
   Measurement Delay:  0 seconds.
c)  Start the HFTS Voltage Fluctuation test with the EUT off.
d)  After several seconds, manually turn on the EUT.
e)  At the conclusion of the 1 minute test, record the dmax value reported
by the HFTS on the excel worksheet.
f)  Turn off the EUT
g)  Repeat steps c) to f) 24 times.
h)  Compare the dmax value reported on the work sheet to the appropriate
limit in 61000-3-3, Amendment 1, 2001.

This approach requires manual intervention and takes approximately 1/2 hour.
It appears to address the requirement of the amendment without requiring
modification to the unsupported test equipment.  

Comments?

I will forward you message to someone who is in a VERY good position to
advise, but whose name I may not reveal. Watch this space.
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
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Re: GOST standards

2003-02-24 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Nick Williams nick.willi...@conformance.co.uk
wrote (in p05200f07ba7fa37407a5@[192.168.1.29]) about 'GOST standards'
on Mon, 24 Feb 2003:

Is there anywhere I can identify some sort of cross reference between 
the GOST standard numbers and the EN standards (if indeed such a 
comparison is valid)?

For a very long time, GOST has adopted IEC standards without change.
However, I don't know of a cross-reference list available from IEC. You
could enquire through the IEC web page http://www.iec.ch

I expect GOST publishes one, but it will obviously be in Russian. There
is a GOST web page, with an English version, at http://www.gost.ru
-- 
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Re: IEC 61010 requirements

2003-02-22 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that peter merguerian pmerguerian2...@yahoo.com
wrote (in 20030221231714.74613.qm...@web14806.mail.yahoo.com) about
'IEC 61010 requirements' on Fri, 21 Feb 2003:
The other day, I called a surgeon and he happened to be in the 
operating room with his cellphone performing an operation. Does 
that make his cellular comply with IEC 601-1?

Maybe not, but there are VERY serious EMC issues. No cell-phone should
be switched on in an OR.
-- 
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Re: Harmonics Testing for PCs

2003-02-21 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Lesmeister, Glenn glenn.lesmeis...@hp.com
wrote (in 31891b757c09184bbfec5275f85d559502d1d...@cceexc18.americas.cp
qcorp.net) about 'Harmonics Testing for PCs' on Thu, 20 Feb 2003:

The problem with class A limits is that the higher your power draw, the lower 
your relative limits are.  As you get between 600 and 1000W, class D limits
can 
be higher than class A limits in which you might pass (depending on how bad
you 
were failing).  

Class D limits include maximum currents equal to the Class A limits, but
Clause 5 of the standard limits Class D to products with active input
power not exceeding 600 W. So you can't apply Class D limits above 600
W.
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
Interested in professional sound reinforcement and distribution? Then go to 
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Re: Harmonics Testing for PCs

2003-02-21 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that rbus...@es.com wrote (in B47A89AEC4538744B9D94
bad7e78efc7458...@torino.corp.es.com) about 'Harmonics Testing for PCs'
on Thu, 20 Feb 2003:

As for the limits, we are using A. I understand that D is used
exclusively for ITE and has tighter limits.

You said that the product:

 QUOTE
has essentially 6 rack mounted PCs and a custom designed graphics
processor. 
ENDQUOTE

If that isn't ITE, I don't know what is.
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
Interested in professional sound reinforcement and distribution? Then go to 
http://www.isce.org.uk
PLEASE do NOT copy news posts to me by E-MAIL!


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Re: Harmonics Testing for PCs

2003-02-20 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that rbus...@es.com wrote (in B47A89AEC4538744B9D94
bad7e78efc7454...@torino.corp.es.com) about 'Harmonics Testing for PCs'
on Thu, 20 Feb 2003:

During the Harmonics test (EN 61000-3-2) the system failed harmonics.
Testing all of the peripherals individually, they all passed. As a
system, the only way it would pass is to have both power cords from the
graphics processor plugged into a single phase. 

That seems very odd: one would expect the harmonic currents from the two
cords to add almost arithmetically. Is there any indication that partial
harmonic cancellation was occurring?

Obviously this
compromises our ability to balance the input current as well as we would
have liked.

So my question to the group is:

1. Why would the arrangement of the power cords affect the harmonic
noise. My guess might be a defective power controller but beyond that I
am perplexed.

More data, please:

Was the product tested as a 3-phase unbalanced load or a balanced load? 

What is the active power consumption?

Which emissions Class (A or D) does the equipment fall into?

Which harmonics were too large and by how much?

Does the input current fluctuate a lot?

It makes a LOT of difference whether the 5th harmonic or the 37th
failed!
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
Interested in professional sound reinforcement and distribution? Then go to 
http://www.isce.org.uk
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Re: IEC 61010 requirements

2003-02-20 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Han, Delphina d...@strykerendo.com wrote (in
4196ec6cef84454d84b90731c905c50e279...@chopin.endo.strykercorp.com)
about 'IEC 61010 requirements' on Thu, 20 Feb 2003:

How about EMC standards? (maybe I should start a new thread...). Will this
PC have to meet IEC 60601-1-2 for medical? Or EN 55022 for ITE? Bear in mind
this is in the hospital operating room. I am familiar with medical equipment
requirements but not so much with ITE, so forgive me if I'm making mistakes
here.

You make a very important point, by implication. While safety largely
stays within the physical bounds of the equipment and its cables,
radiated emissions don't, by definition, and some conducted emissions
may not. Immunity is even more subtle: the equipment is exposed to an
environment not necessarily foreseen by the manufacturer (although you
*have* foreseen it). 

The conclusion has to be that the 'medical' standards for emissions and
immunity should be applied, but **applied with insight**. Provisions of
the standards that are irrelevant for the equipment in question need not
apply, but all such exceptions MUST be documented.
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
Interested in professional sound reinforcement and distribution? Then go to 
http://www.isce.org.uk
PLEASE do NOT copy news posts to me by E-MAIL!


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